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text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... thalamic input consists of a more modest number of fibers but the synapses they make in the striatum are roughly similar in number to those made by the cortical inputs. The thalamic input comes mainly from the interlaminar nuclei, bringing information about arousal and wakefulness. The remaining tha ...
... thalamic input consists of a more modest number of fibers but the synapses they make in the striatum are roughly similar in number to those made by the cortical inputs. The thalamic input comes mainly from the interlaminar nuclei, bringing information about arousal and wakefulness. The remaining tha ...
Toward a Developmental Evolutionary Psychology
... In narrow evolutionary psychology there is a deep connection between modules and genes (e.g., Pinker, 1997, p.32). An informal criterion of a module is that it has a semi-independent evolutionary account, which involves an analysis of genetic transmission under natural selection. As Sterelny and Gri ...
... In narrow evolutionary psychology there is a deep connection between modules and genes (e.g., Pinker, 1997, p.32). An informal criterion of a module is that it has a semi-independent evolutionary account, which involves an analysis of genetic transmission under natural selection. As Sterelny and Gri ...
Module 3 and 4 Practice Test
... ____ 21. Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n) a. endorphin. b. EEG. c. synapse. d. lesion. e. MRI. ____ 22. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. e. hemispherectomy. ____ 23. The seque ...
... ____ 21. Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n) a. endorphin. b. EEG. c. synapse. d. lesion. e. MRI. ____ 22. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. e. hemispherectomy. ____ 23. The seque ...
The expression of XIF3 in undifferentiated anterior neuroectoderm
... Roop. 1988). Included in the type IIllFs are vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and desmin. Vimentin is expressed in neural cells at an early stage of development and widely within cells of mesenchymal origin where it has been attributed a range of functions (Evans, 1998). In contrast, ...
... Roop. 1988). Included in the type IIllFs are vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and desmin. Vimentin is expressed in neural cells at an early stage of development and widely within cells of mesenchymal origin where it has been attributed a range of functions (Evans, 1998). In contrast, ...
Appendix Basics of the Nervous System
... The sympathetic works to increase energy utilization. It is part of the emergency response system of our body. It increases heart rate, breathing and related functions while inhibiting digestion and other systems that impede our emergency responses. The parasympathetic in most cases operates on the ...
... The sympathetic works to increase energy utilization. It is part of the emergency response system of our body. It increases heart rate, breathing and related functions while inhibiting digestion and other systems that impede our emergency responses. The parasympathetic in most cases operates on the ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... Our analyses are based on intracellular recordings from instrong depolarization that could produce action potential distralaminar interneurons and a subset of relay neurons for which charge (n ⫽ 25; Fig. 3C) (Cox and Sherman, 1999). Assuming the we were able to identify a well stained axon that proj ...
... Our analyses are based on intracellular recordings from instrong depolarization that could produce action potential distralaminar interneurons and a subset of relay neurons for which charge (n ⫽ 25; Fig. 3C) (Cox and Sherman, 1999). Assuming the we were able to identify a well stained axon that proj ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... learning and memory. Characterization of the development and projection patterns of individual MB neurons will be important for elucidating their functions. Using mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (Lee, T. and Luo, L. (1999) Neuron 22, 451-461), we have positively marked the axons and d ...
... learning and memory. Characterization of the development and projection patterns of individual MB neurons will be important for elucidating their functions. Using mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker (Lee, T. and Luo, L. (1999) Neuron 22, 451-461), we have positively marked the axons and d ...
Joint maps for orientation, eye, and direction preference in a self
... [11] S. Wimbauer, O. G. Wenisch, J. L. van Hemmen, and K. D. Miller, Development of spatiotemporal receptive fields of simple cells: II. Simulation and analysis, Biol. Cybernetics (1997), 77:463–477. [12] J. Wolfe and L. A. Palmer, Temporal diversity in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cat, Visual ...
... [11] S. Wimbauer, O. G. Wenisch, J. L. van Hemmen, and K. D. Miller, Development of spatiotemporal receptive fields of simple cells: II. Simulation and analysis, Biol. Cybernetics (1997), 77:463–477. [12] J. Wolfe and L. A. Palmer, Temporal diversity in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cat, Visual ...
Changes in 3H-Substance P Receptor Binding in the Rat Brain After
... the massive SPLI innervation, since removal of greater than 95% of the SPLI had no measurable effect on the concentration of substance P receptors. An explanation of these results may be found in the previous reports that another mammal tachykinin, substance K, is present in the substantia nigra and ...
... the massive SPLI innervation, since removal of greater than 95% of the SPLI had no measurable effect on the concentration of substance P receptors. An explanation of these results may be found in the previous reports that another mammal tachykinin, substance K, is present in the substantia nigra and ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... postsynaptic receptors change with distance from the soma. Evidence from the goldfish Mauthner cell indicates that the size of postsynaptic glycine receptor clusters increases with distance from the soma [7]. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, experiments using local uncaging of caged glutamate have shown th ...
... postsynaptic receptors change with distance from the soma. Evidence from the goldfish Mauthner cell indicates that the size of postsynaptic glycine receptor clusters increases with distance from the soma [7]. In CA1 pyramidal neurons, experiments using local uncaging of caged glutamate have shown th ...
Physiologically-Inspired Model for the Visual Tuning Properties of
... positions between effector and goal objects that are encoded by the neurons that are selective for object and effector views. The last equation can be spatially discretized and can be implemented by summation (pooling) and multiplication of the signals of the appropriately chosen neurons. Due to the ...
... positions between effector and goal objects that are encoded by the neurons that are selective for object and effector views. The last equation can be spatially discretized and can be implemented by summation (pooling) and multiplication of the signals of the appropriately chosen neurons. Due to the ...
Acetylcholinesterase in central vocal control nuclei of the zebra finch
... and can be easily distinguished from the surrounding medial striatum (MSt) that is also darkly stained (figures 1A, 3A). In area X the neuropil contains stained fibres and scattered darkly-stained perikarya (figure 3B – shown with arrows). The adjacent lateral striatal region also shows intense labe ...
... and can be easily distinguished from the surrounding medial striatum (MSt) that is also darkly stained (figures 1A, 3A). In area X the neuropil contains stained fibres and scattered darkly-stained perikarya (figure 3B – shown with arrows). The adjacent lateral striatal region also shows intense labe ...
Kinesin-mediated Organelle Translocation Revealed by Specific
... On the other hand, a KHC-like protein, uric-104, is required for axonal transport of synaptic vesicles in Caenorhabditis elegans (Hall and Hedgecock, 1991). An important step for a better understanding of kinesin function in vivo would be to establish its role in organizing membrane traffic within t ...
... On the other hand, a KHC-like protein, uric-104, is required for axonal transport of synaptic vesicles in Caenorhabditis elegans (Hall and Hedgecock, 1991). An important step for a better understanding of kinesin function in vivo would be to establish its role in organizing membrane traffic within t ...
ORIGIN OF THE PERICELLULAR BASKETS OF THE PYRAMIDAL
... cells. The superior vertical dendrite crosses layer III and terminates in layer II. The inferior vertical dendrite crosses the layer V and terminates in layer VI. Both of these dendrites may measure up to several hundred microns in length. The horizontal dendrites cross the cortex at the same cortic ...
... cells. The superior vertical dendrite crosses layer III and terminates in layer II. The inferior vertical dendrite crosses the layer V and terminates in layer VI. Both of these dendrites may measure up to several hundred microns in length. The horizontal dendrites cross the cortex at the same cortic ...
Huntington disease models and human neuropathology: similarities
... fragments of htt [19, 111]. Therefore, proteolysis (e.g., at the caspase-6 cleavage site) seems to play a critical role in the degenerative process by the production and accumulation of putatively toxic fragments of mhtt [27, 113]. Transgenic mice expressing only N-terminal htt fragments display pat ...
... fragments of htt [19, 111]. Therefore, proteolysis (e.g., at the caspase-6 cleavage site) seems to play a critical role in the degenerative process by the production and accumulation of putatively toxic fragments of mhtt [27, 113]. Transgenic mice expressing only N-terminal htt fragments display pat ...
motor systems
... cord, they enter the spinal gray matter, where they ramify and synapse. A small fraction of these axons synapse directly on motor neurons in Rexed’s lamina IX. Most of the corticospinal neurons that make such monosynaptic connections to motor neurons have their somata in the anterior bank of the cen ...
... cord, they enter the spinal gray matter, where they ramify and synapse. A small fraction of these axons synapse directly on motor neurons in Rexed’s lamina IX. Most of the corticospinal neurons that make such monosynaptic connections to motor neurons have their somata in the anterior bank of the cen ...
hormonal control of cell form and number
... explained in Table I. Details of the care of chicks were given previously (Gurney and Konishi, 1980; Gurney, 1981). On the day of hatching, each chick was implanted with a steroid-containing pellet beneath the skin over its breast muscle. Zebra finch chicks weighed 0.83 gm (f0.15 gm, SD) at hatching ...
... explained in Table I. Details of the care of chicks were given previously (Gurney and Konishi, 1980; Gurney, 1981). On the day of hatching, each chick was implanted with a steroid-containing pellet beneath the skin over its breast muscle. Zebra finch chicks weighed 0.83 gm (f0.15 gm, SD) at hatching ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
... different by ú0.2 kHz), and reduce the responses of subcortical neurons tuned to other frequencies (different by ú0.2 kHz). This means that single subcortical neurons receive positive feedback from one or a few cortical minicolumns, and receive lateral inhibition from many, perhaps, all other minico ...
Gross Anatomy
... White Matter • Myelinated nerve fibers. • Allows for communication btwn the brain and spinal cord or btwn different regions of the spinal cord. • White matter on each side of the cord is divided into columns or funiculi. – Typically, they are ascending or descending. ...
... White Matter • Myelinated nerve fibers. • Allows for communication btwn the brain and spinal cord or btwn different regions of the spinal cord. • White matter on each side of the cord is divided into columns or funiculi. – Typically, they are ascending or descending. ...
Susceptibility to a neurotropic virus and its changing distribution in
... internal granule cells, cells within the forming white matter tracts and molecular layer, and pyramidal neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei. In mice sampled 48 h after inoculation at P10, most granule cells had migrated from the external to the internal granule cell layer. Completion of the matura ...
... internal granule cells, cells within the forming white matter tracts and molecular layer, and pyramidal neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei. In mice sampled 48 h after inoculation at P10, most granule cells had migrated from the external to the internal granule cell layer. Completion of the matura ...
The Cat is Out of the Bag: Cortical Simulations with 109 Neurons
... layer contains 3 − 4 neuron types, as described in [7], with a total of 13 neuron types in cortex, 4 in thalamus and 1 in the reticular nucleus. Neurons of the same type within the same thalamocortical module and layer form a group. Thus each module contains 18 neuron groups. Thalamocortical modules ...
... layer contains 3 − 4 neuron types, as described in [7], with a total of 13 neuron types in cortex, 4 in thalamus and 1 in the reticular nucleus. Neurons of the same type within the same thalamocortical module and layer form a group. Thus each module contains 18 neuron groups. Thalamocortical modules ...
Imaging Brain Slices
... Whole-cell patch clamp is commonly used to study electrophysiological properties of neurons in brain slices (Edwards et al., 1989). Using electrodes filled with fluorescent dyes, the whole-cell configuration of patch clamp injects the dyes into neurons by diffusion through the pipette tip into the n ...
... Whole-cell patch clamp is commonly used to study electrophysiological properties of neurons in brain slices (Edwards et al., 1989). Using electrodes filled with fluorescent dyes, the whole-cell configuration of patch clamp injects the dyes into neurons by diffusion through the pipette tip into the n ...
Slide ()
... The axons of retinal ganglion cells grow to the optic tectum in discrete steps. Two neurons that carry information from the nasal half of the retina are shown. The axon of one crosses the optic chiasm to reach the contralateral optic tectum. The axon of the other also crosses the optic chiasm but pr ...
... The axons of retinal ganglion cells grow to the optic tectum in discrete steps. Two neurons that carry information from the nasal half of the retina are shown. The axon of one crosses the optic chiasm to reach the contralateral optic tectum. The axon of the other also crosses the optic chiasm but pr ...
Commentary: Saccadic eye movements
... the control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements. The superficial layers of the SC contain neurons that receive direct retinal inputs as well as inputs from other visual areas (Robinson and McClurkin, 1989). These visual neurons are organized into a visual map of the contralateral visual he ...
... the control of visual fixation and saccadic eye movements. The superficial layers of the SC contain neurons that receive direct retinal inputs as well as inputs from other visual areas (Robinson and McClurkin, 1989). These visual neurons are organized into a visual map of the contralateral visual he ...
Neuroanatomy
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Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.