Organization of Motor Systems
... consist of cells that are involved in controlling motion around a single joint. Within a column, there are cells that become active for specific angles of movement of that joint. As a result of this, the motor cortex is particularly important for finely controlled manipulations in primates. It is le ...
... consist of cells that are involved in controlling motion around a single joint. Within a column, there are cells that become active for specific angles of movement of that joint. As a result of this, the motor cortex is particularly important for finely controlled manipulations in primates. It is le ...
A Stereoscopic Look at Visual Cortex
... potential alternative. This evidence mainly came from one published study (Janssen et al. 2003) demonstrating that neurons in macaque IT discard anti-correlated signals and from a preliminary report (Fujita et al. 2003) that signals in IT show high choice probabilities in a fine stereoacuity task. H ...
... potential alternative. This evidence mainly came from one published study (Janssen et al. 2003) demonstrating that neurons in macaque IT discard anti-correlated signals and from a preliminary report (Fujita et al. 2003) that signals in IT show high choice probabilities in a fine stereoacuity task. H ...
PDF
... preparations in which an N ectoteloblast was injected with HRP after production of its bandlet of n stem cells had begun, the boundary between unstained (rostral) and stained (caudal) tissues can fall within a ganglion or between ganglia. This suggests that each hemiganglion contains the descendants ...
... preparations in which an N ectoteloblast was injected with HRP after production of its bandlet of n stem cells had begun, the boundary between unstained (rostral) and stained (caudal) tissues can fall within a ganglion or between ganglia. This suggests that each hemiganglion contains the descendants ...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Molecular Switches Regulating CNS
... It is widely believed that most injured adult CNS neurons are intrinsically incapable of axon regeneration [11, 15, 16]. Increasing evidence emphasise that the inability of injured CNS neurons to regenerate is not entirely associated with their intrinsic deficits, but rather attributed to the genera ...
... It is widely believed that most injured adult CNS neurons are intrinsically incapable of axon regeneration [11, 15, 16]. Increasing evidence emphasise that the inability of injured CNS neurons to regenerate is not entirely associated with their intrinsic deficits, but rather attributed to the genera ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... Attempts to map cerebellar and basal ganglia projections to the cerebral cortex with conventional tracers have been hindered by a number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the ...
... Attempts to map cerebellar and basal ganglia projections to the cerebral cortex with conventional tracers have been hindered by a number of technical limitations. Chief among these is the multisynaptic nature of these pathways and the general inability of conventional tracers to label more than the ...
... By neurocomputational I assume Litt et al. (2006) imply computation mediated by axonal action potentials (firings or spikes) and axonal-dendritic (or axonal-somatic) chemical synaptic connections of variable strength between neurons. In this neural network paradigm, individual dendrites of each neur ...
New dimensions of interneuronal specialization unmasked by
... collateral-associated (SCA) cells (b), neurogliaform (NGF) cells (c), Ivy cells (d), basket cells (BC) (e,f), bistratified (g) and oriens lacunosum-moleculare (O-LM) cells (not illustrated). These cells can express different molecular markers, including cholecystokinin (CCK; blue), parvalbumin (PV; ...
... collateral-associated (SCA) cells (b), neurogliaform (NGF) cells (c), Ivy cells (d), basket cells (BC) (e,f), bistratified (g) and oriens lacunosum-moleculare (O-LM) cells (not illustrated). These cells can express different molecular markers, including cholecystokinin (CCK; blue), parvalbumin (PV; ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... and ventral tegmental area (VTA) (A10). These cell groups are largely continu ous, with A10 and A8 forming dorso-medial and caudo-lateral protrusions of A9, respectively. At caudal levels of A9, A8 and A10 are continuous with each other. Given this continuity, the terms A8, A9 and A10 primarily spe ...
... and ventral tegmental area (VTA) (A10). These cell groups are largely continu ous, with A10 and A8 forming dorso-medial and caudo-lateral protrusions of A9, respectively. At caudal levels of A9, A8 and A10 are continuous with each other. Given this continuity, the terms A8, A9 and A10 primarily spe ...
Document
... as increases in excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal neurons (Jacobi et al., 2010). BDNF and NT-3 also induce rapid and long-lasting enhancement of synaptic strength through LTP in hippocampal cells cultures. Additionally, neurotrophins represent strong candidates in regulating the contin ...
... as increases in excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal neurons (Jacobi et al., 2010). BDNF and NT-3 also induce rapid and long-lasting enhancement of synaptic strength through LTP in hippocampal cells cultures. Additionally, neurotrophins represent strong candidates in regulating the contin ...
Afferents of dopamine neurons
... neurons innervate other regions of the basal ganglia Loss of dopamine at the level of the GP and/or the STN may account for some of the changes in Parkinson’s disease Degree of collateralization of individual neurons? Single cell filling studies ...
... neurons innervate other regions of the basal ganglia Loss of dopamine at the level of the GP and/or the STN may account for some of the changes in Parkinson’s disease Degree of collateralization of individual neurons? Single cell filling studies ...
Nervous System
... nose), the nasal mucosa, the frontal sinuses, and parts of the meninges (lining of brain). • The maxillary nerve carries sensory information from the lower eyelid and cheek, upper lip, the upper teeth and gums, the nasal mucosa, the palate and roof of the pharynx, the maxillary sinuses, and parts of ...
... nose), the nasal mucosa, the frontal sinuses, and parts of the meninges (lining of brain). • The maxillary nerve carries sensory information from the lower eyelid and cheek, upper lip, the upper teeth and gums, the nasal mucosa, the palate and roof of the pharynx, the maxillary sinuses, and parts of ...
Altered Fronto-Striatal and Fronto-Cerebellar Circuits in Heroin
... drug-related cue induced change of regional cerebral blood flow and its correlation with craving score. And then by functional connectivity analysis they identified the neuronal circuitry involved in opiate craving. Liu et al. [20] analyzed the functional connectivity intensity of brain region in re ...
... drug-related cue induced change of regional cerebral blood flow and its correlation with craving score. And then by functional connectivity analysis they identified the neuronal circuitry involved in opiate craving. Liu et al. [20] analyzed the functional connectivity intensity of brain region in re ...
Rhythms of Waking and Sleep 2 Day Circadian Examples
... • Shift-work sleep disorder, similarly, is related to trying to work when your circadian clock is telling you to sleep and trying to sleep when your SCN is telling you it is time to be awake. ...
... • Shift-work sleep disorder, similarly, is related to trying to work when your circadian clock is telling you to sleep and trying to sleep when your SCN is telling you it is time to be awake. ...
1 MB - Columbia University
... for the coding of temperature information in the brain. INTRODUCTION The role of our senses is to create an internal representation of the physical and chemical features of the external world. Sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste define the basic palette used by scientists, artists, writers, and ...
... for the coding of temperature information in the brain. INTRODUCTION The role of our senses is to create an internal representation of the physical and chemical features of the external world. Sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste define the basic palette used by scientists, artists, writers, and ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cortical convolutions can be explained by the global minimization of axonal tension in corticocortical projections; ( ...
... primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cortical convolutions can be explained by the global minimization of axonal tension in corticocortical projections; ( ...
Chapter 1 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE
... extend from the dorsal root entry zone, envelop the dorsal rootlets and then follow the rootlets laterally. This attachment continues into the root sleeve, where it may distinguish the dorsal rootlets from the ventral rootlets, the latter having no arachnoid covering. The dorsolateral septae are mos ...
... extend from the dorsal root entry zone, envelop the dorsal rootlets and then follow the rootlets laterally. This attachment continues into the root sleeve, where it may distinguish the dorsal rootlets from the ventral rootlets, the latter having no arachnoid covering. The dorsolateral septae are mos ...
Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... In higher mammals visual information from the retina can reach the visual cortex either directly, via the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), or by a more indirect pathway, via the superior colliculus and pretectal nuclear complex to the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-P) which in turn ...
... In higher mammals visual information from the retina can reach the visual cortex either directly, via the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd), or by a more indirect pathway, via the superior colliculus and pretectal nuclear complex to the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex (LP-P) which in turn ...
supplemental figures
... of BA, DA and AA (one-way ANOVA: F(2,195) = 109.05, P = 1.63e-32), and among time windows of DA1, DA2, and DA3 (one-way ANOVA: F(2,195) = 2.02, P = 0.135) (for definition of time windows see c). For each neuron, the firing rate was normalized with mean firing rate of the total time window (from -5 ...
... of BA, DA and AA (one-way ANOVA: F(2,195) = 109.05, P = 1.63e-32), and among time windows of DA1, DA2, and DA3 (one-way ANOVA: F(2,195) = 2.02, P = 0.135) (for definition of time windows see c). For each neuron, the firing rate was normalized with mean firing rate of the total time window (from -5 ...
Fixing Functionalism
... they can also include electromagnetic fields. As such fields are ubiquitous, the problem of chauvinism is largely relieved. However, this quickly leads to the opposite problem, that of liberalism with respect to sentience. A still glass of water, because of Brownian motion, contains large numbers of ...
... they can also include electromagnetic fields. As such fields are ubiquitous, the problem of chauvinism is largely relieved. However, this quickly leads to the opposite problem, that of liberalism with respect to sentience. A still glass of water, because of Brownian motion, contains large numbers of ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... (Fig. 3). Each behavioural session was treated separately. The behavioural features measured touch (whisker curvature changes; Fig. 1d) and movements (whisking set-point, whisking amplitude and licking; Methods and Fig. 1d, f). The algorithm used the activity of populations of neurons to fit individ ...
... (Fig. 3). Each behavioural session was treated separately. The behavioural features measured touch (whisker curvature changes; Fig. 1d) and movements (whisking set-point, whisking amplitude and licking; Methods and Fig. 1d, f). The algorithm used the activity of populations of neurons to fit individ ...
Sheep Brain Anatomy Lab Manual
... The cruciate fissure (labeled ansate sulcus in your photo atlas) is known in the human brain as the fissure of Rolando or central sulcus, and intersects the medial longitudinal fissure to mark off the anterior third of the cortex. The gyrus immediately anterior to the cruciate fissure is the precen ...
... The cruciate fissure (labeled ansate sulcus in your photo atlas) is known in the human brain as the fissure of Rolando or central sulcus, and intersects the medial longitudinal fissure to mark off the anterior third of the cortex. The gyrus immediately anterior to the cruciate fissure is the precen ...
File
... hamsters to have no rhythmic activity. Also suppose you transplanted the SCN of wild-type hamsters into hamsters with this mutation. What result would you expect from this experiment, assuming that the SCN determines the period of the circadian rhythm? a) The recipients would have rhythmic activity ...
... hamsters to have no rhythmic activity. Also suppose you transplanted the SCN of wild-type hamsters into hamsters with this mutation. What result would you expect from this experiment, assuming that the SCN determines the period of the circadian rhythm? a) The recipients would have rhythmic activity ...
The Hippocampal-Entorhinal Complex performs Bayesian
... them to update their location estimate, using a process commonly referred to as path integration or dead reckoning. The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) has been proposed to perform this function in a number of theoretical as well as empirical studies [4–6]. Path integration alone is prone to accumula ...
... them to update their location estimate, using a process commonly referred to as path integration or dead reckoning. The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) has been proposed to perform this function in a number of theoretical as well as empirical studies [4–6]. Path integration alone is prone to accumula ...
Microstructure of the neocortex: Comparative aspects
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
... the evolution of the vertebrate brain. One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is what is special about the neocortex of humans and how does it differ from that of other species? It is clear that distinct cortical areas show important differences within both the same and different species, ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.