Understanding Noise Figure
... The load impedance of the input of the receiver does not contribute directly to receive noise. Therefore, it is indeed possible, and even common, for a receiver to have a Noise Factor of less than 2x (or equivalently, a Noise Figure of less than 3dB). Noise Figure of Radio Receivers As far as no ...
... The load impedance of the input of the receiver does not contribute directly to receive noise. Therefore, it is indeed possible, and even common, for a receiver to have a Noise Factor of less than 2x (or equivalently, a Noise Figure of less than 3dB). Noise Figure of Radio Receivers As far as no ...
Concentration effect of carbon nanotube based saturable
... elements with intensity-dependent response to favor optical pulsation over continuous–wave lasing [3]. The optical nonlinear element may be either a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) [1] or a nonlinear optical mirror [4]. The SESAMs have been widely used in ultrashort-pulse EDFLs for p ...
... elements with intensity-dependent response to favor optical pulsation over continuous–wave lasing [3]. The optical nonlinear element may be either a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) [1] or a nonlinear optical mirror [4]. The SESAMs have been widely used in ultrashort-pulse EDFLs for p ...
- College of Engineering | Oregon State
... because these have wideband noise. It is usually best to place all-pass stages near the input port of the filter. • 6. If several highpass or bandpass stages are available, one can place them at the beginning, middle and end of the filter. This will prevent the input offset from overloading the filt ...
... because these have wideband noise. It is usually best to place all-pass stages near the input port of the filter. • 6. If several highpass or bandpass stages are available, one can place them at the beginning, middle and end of the filter. This will prevent the input offset from overloading the filt ...
unclassified
... Digital multimeters display the reading numerically. These direct-reading displays, along with automatic range- and polarity-changing features, eliminate the problem of parallax, reduce error and tedium, and increase measurement speed. Data from these meters in digital format can also be processed b ...
... Digital multimeters display the reading numerically. These direct-reading displays, along with automatic range- and polarity-changing features, eliminate the problem of parallax, reduce error and tedium, and increase measurement speed. Data from these meters in digital format can also be processed b ...
TRF37T05 300-MHz to 4-GHz Quadrature Modulator (Rev. A)
... SLWS239A – JUNE 2013 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2015 ...
... SLWS239A – JUNE 2013 – REVISED NOVEMBER 2015 ...
Lock Acquisition and Sensitivity Analysis of Advanced LIGO
... Laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory (LIGO) consists of two complex large-scale laser interferometers designed for direct detection of gravitational waves from distant astrophysical sources in the frequency range 10Hz - 5kHz. Direct detection of space-time ripples will support Einstei ...
... Laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory (LIGO) consists of two complex large-scale laser interferometers designed for direct detection of gravitational waves from distant astrophysical sources in the frequency range 10Hz - 5kHz. Direct detection of space-time ripples will support Einstei ...
Femtosecond Laser Pulses: Linear Properties
... regime. Nowadays femtosecond pulses in the range of 10 fs and below can be generated directly from compact and reliable laser oscillators and the temporal resolution of measurements has outpaced the resolution even of modern sampling oscilloscopes by orders of magnitude. With the help of some simple ...
... regime. Nowadays femtosecond pulses in the range of 10 fs and below can be generated directly from compact and reliable laser oscillators and the temporal resolution of measurements has outpaced the resolution even of modern sampling oscilloscopes by orders of magnitude. With the help of some simple ...
Mohr on Receiver Noise Characterization, Insights & Surprises
... – Results from the fluctuations in electrical currents, due to the random passage of discrete electrical charges through the potential barriers in vacuum tubes and P-N junctions – Its noise characteristic is white – The power level of the noise is proportional to the level of the current through the ...
... – Results from the fluctuations in electrical currents, due to the random passage of discrete electrical charges through the potential barriers in vacuum tubes and P-N junctions – Its noise characteristic is white – The power level of the noise is proportional to the level of the current through the ...
ABSTRACT LOW PHASE NOISE CMOS PLL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
... spur is given in this dissertation. This leads to a design of a charge pump by using a negative feedback circuit and replica bias to reduce the current mismatch which causes the reference spur. In addition, low-impedance charge/discharge paths are provided to overcome the charge pump current glitche ...
... spur is given in this dissertation. This leads to a design of a charge pump by using a negative feedback circuit and replica bias to reduce the current mismatch which causes the reference spur. In addition, low-impedance charge/discharge paths are provided to overcome the charge pump current glitche ...
Chapter 8: Analog Filters
... frequencies where excessive phase shift may cause oscillations. A simple, single-pole, high-pass filter can be used to block dc offset in high gain amplifiers or single supply circuits. Filters can be used to separate signals, passing those of interest, and attenuating the unwanted frequencies. An e ...
... frequencies where excessive phase shift may cause oscillations. A simple, single-pole, high-pass filter can be used to block dc offset in high gain amplifiers or single supply circuits. Filters can be used to separate signals, passing those of interest, and attenuating the unwanted frequencies. An e ...
Multiterawatt few-cycle pulse OPCPA
... reliable amplification technique. Unfortunately, the limits of scalability are reached due to self-action issues and due to the available size of compressor gratings. First petawatt pulses were generated in 1996 at Lawrence Livermoore National Labs (LLNL, Nova 1.25PW, 0.5-ps) [16, 39]. This Petawatt ...
... reliable amplification technique. Unfortunately, the limits of scalability are reached due to self-action issues and due to the available size of compressor gratings. First petawatt pulses were generated in 1996 at Lawrence Livermoore National Labs (LLNL, Nova 1.25PW, 0.5-ps) [16, 39]. This Petawatt ...
HEWLETT-PACKARD JOURNAL
... sound pressure level. This would also be true of pure tones of other frequencies if perception were constant with frequency. However, it is not. The loudness level of any other sound (in phons) is not, in general, equal to its sound pressure level (in dB). For example, if a large number of observers ...
... sound pressure level. This would also be true of pure tones of other frequencies if perception were constant with frequency. However, it is not. The loudness level of any other sound (in phons) is not, in general, equal to its sound pressure level (in dB). For example, if a large number of observers ...
Spectrum analyzer
A spectrum analyzer measures the magnitude of an input signal versus frequency within the full frequency range of the instrument. The primary use is to measure the power of the spectrum of known and unknown signals. The input signal that a spectrum analyzer measures is electrical, however, spectral compositions of other signals, such as acoustic pressure waves and optical light waves, can be considered through the use of an appropriate transducer. Optical spectrum analyzers also exist, which use direct optical techniques such as a monochromator to make measurements.By analyzing the spectra of electrical signals, dominant frequency, power, distortion, harmonics, bandwidth, and other spectral components of a signal can be observed that are not easily detectable in time domain waveforms. These parameters are useful in the characterization of electronic devices, such as wireless transmitters.The display of a spectrum analyzer has frequency on the horizontal axis and the amplitude displayed on the vertical axis. To the casual observer, a spectrum analyzer looks like an oscilloscope and, in fact, some lab instruments can function either as an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer.