Multiple Modes of Action Potential Initiation and Propagation in
... from the main dendritic trunk close to the bifurcation point because this larger compartment was more accessible and robust for patch recordings. The primary dendrite is typically described as unbranched; however, in about one-fifth (8/39) of the cells, a side branch was observed arising from the ma ...
... from the main dendritic trunk close to the bifurcation point because this larger compartment was more accessible and robust for patch recordings. The primary dendrite is typically described as unbranched; however, in about one-fifth (8/39) of the cells, a side branch was observed arising from the ma ...
The basis of the stress reaction
... Stress reaction is characterized by the pathways that are evoked by stressor. First, Seley hypothesized that stress reaction is non-specific. Now, the responses to stressors are considered as specific. Therefore, every response that consists of part of some specific pathway could be understood as st ...
... Stress reaction is characterized by the pathways that are evoked by stressor. First, Seley hypothesized that stress reaction is non-specific. Now, the responses to stressors are considered as specific. Therefore, every response that consists of part of some specific pathway could be understood as st ...
Cerebellar control of the inferior olive
... F. Bengtsson and G. Hesslow anatomical evidence that they are controlled by Purkinje cells (24). However, there is also evidence that NO neurones may be driven by collaterals of other nuclear cells. When tracking and stimulating the area around the brachium conjunctivum, we found two discrete sites ...
... F. Bengtsson and G. Hesslow anatomical evidence that they are controlled by Purkinje cells (24). However, there is also evidence that NO neurones may be driven by collaterals of other nuclear cells. When tracking and stimulating the area around the brachium conjunctivum, we found two discrete sites ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... CTRNNs abstract away spikes but achieve complex dynamics with neuron-specific time constants, gains and biases. All weights evolve, but none are modified by learning. Invented by Randall Beer in early 1990’s and used in many evolved, ...
... CTRNNs abstract away spikes but achieve complex dynamics with neuron-specific time constants, gains and biases. All weights evolve, but none are modified by learning. Invented by Randall Beer in early 1990’s and used in many evolved, ...
Apomorphine Induces Contralateral Rotation 1 Running Head
... Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder; affecting more than 0.1% of the population older than 40 years of age (Dawson & Dawson, 2003). Patients present with slowness of movement, rest tremors, rigidity, balance issues, and some also suffer from anxiety, depre ...
... Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder; affecting more than 0.1% of the population older than 40 years of age (Dawson & Dawson, 2003). Patients present with slowness of movement, rest tremors, rigidity, balance issues, and some also suffer from anxiety, depre ...
Estrogen Actions Throughout the Brain
... inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER␣). It is also likely that estrogens may locally regulate events at the sites of synaptic contact in the excitatory pyramidal neurons where the synapses form. Indeed, recent ultrastructural data reveal ...
... inhibitory interneurons may play a pivotal role as they express nuclear estrogen receptor-alpha (ER␣). It is also likely that estrogens may locally regulate events at the sites of synaptic contact in the excitatory pyramidal neurons where the synapses form. Indeed, recent ultrastructural data reveal ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... of the different neuronal firing patterns was uncertain, previous studies demonstrated that tonic or phasic neurons could change neuronal excitabilities following pathological stimulation. It was reported that the increased excitability of phasic neuron contributed to cystitis-induced pain and hyper ...
... of the different neuronal firing patterns was uncertain, previous studies demonstrated that tonic or phasic neurons could change neuronal excitabilities following pathological stimulation. It was reported that the increased excitability of phasic neuron contributed to cystitis-induced pain and hyper ...
7. Nervous Tissue, Overview of the Nervous System.
... below the end of the spinal cord can be used to draw a few drops of CSF for laboratory testing in many clinical situations. This is called lumbar puncture, and is best done between the spines of L3 and L4. Spinal nerves can also be anaesthetized by injecting local anaesthetic drugs outside the dura ...
... below the end of the spinal cord can be used to draw a few drops of CSF for laboratory testing in many clinical situations. This is called lumbar puncture, and is best done between the spines of L3 and L4. Spinal nerves can also be anaesthetized by injecting local anaesthetic drugs outside the dura ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF
... is focused on NMDA receptors channel which is permeable to Ca++ ions only if the postsynaptic membrane is sufficiently depolarized. Thus the NMDA receptor permits current flow only if there is coincident pre- and postsynaptic activation (26). Therefore it is not surprising that the involvement of NM ...
... is focused on NMDA receptors channel which is permeable to Ca++ ions only if the postsynaptic membrane is sufficiently depolarized. Thus the NMDA receptor permits current flow only if there is coincident pre- and postsynaptic activation (26). Therefore it is not surprising that the involvement of NM ...
Inside the Brain
... Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a type of analysis applied to MRI images that is used to measure the volume of specific brain structures. By comparing healthy and diseased brains, researchers can detect the subtle structural changes that occur in neurological and psychiatric conditions. It can dete ...
... Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a type of analysis applied to MRI images that is used to measure the volume of specific brain structures. By comparing healthy and diseased brains, researchers can detect the subtle structural changes that occur in neurological and psychiatric conditions. It can dete ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... phosphotyrosine-dependent signal to regulate cell movement. In addition, Dab1 protein levels decrease in response to reelin signaling (Howell et al., 1999a; Rice et al., 1998). This decrease is partly independent of Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation (Howell et al., 2000), suggesting that some other chan ...
... phosphotyrosine-dependent signal to regulate cell movement. In addition, Dab1 protein levels decrease in response to reelin signaling (Howell et al., 1999a; Rice et al., 1998). This decrease is partly independent of Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation (Howell et al., 2000), suggesting that some other chan ...
cell biology and membrane biochemistry
... An inherent property of the lipid molecules is to expel water and close upon itself. When salts of fatty acids or soap molecules or phospholipids are added drop wise to aqueous medium (water), they form monolayers initially, as the hydrophilic head interacts with water at the air -water interface an ...
... An inherent property of the lipid molecules is to expel water and close upon itself. When salts of fatty acids or soap molecules or phospholipids are added drop wise to aqueous medium (water), they form monolayers initially, as the hydrophilic head interacts with water at the air -water interface an ...
Jeopardy
... As with the SSRI’s, some patients take SNRI’s for depression, have an initial response, continue taking the medication but then experience this ...
... As with the SSRI’s, some patients take SNRI’s for depression, have an initial response, continue taking the medication but then experience this ...
Morphological and Functional Types of Neurons
... acid decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of GABA (Penny et al., 1983; Spreafico et al., 1983). In the Galago VB, a similar classification of projection neurons and interneurons has been made (Pearson and Haines, 1980). The physiological evidence for submodal-specific groups of c ...
... acid decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of GABA (Penny et al., 1983; Spreafico et al., 1983). In the Galago VB, a similar classification of projection neurons and interneurons has been made (Pearson and Haines, 1980). The physiological evidence for submodal-specific groups of c ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... Figure 1. Variability and drift of neuronal representations. (a) Example of single-cell drift. Cartoon showing a hypothetical population of nine cells at three different time points (t0, t1, t2). Cells are ‘tuned’ to three different features (blue, red and white). The average population output remai ...
... Figure 1. Variability and drift of neuronal representations. (a) Example of single-cell drift. Cartoon showing a hypothetical population of nine cells at three different time points (t0, t1, t2). Cells are ‘tuned’ to three different features (blue, red and white). The average population output remai ...
Autonomic nervous system
... Joined to ventral rami by white and gray rami communicantes Fusion of ganglia fewer ganglia than spinal nerves ...
... Joined to ventral rami by white and gray rami communicantes Fusion of ganglia fewer ganglia than spinal nerves ...
Interactions between Adjacent Ganglia Bring About the Bilaterally
... of manifesting the mature AS phenotype and suggestthat there is a determinative interaction betweenthese 2 neurons that is responsiblefor their asymmetricdifferentiation (Martindale and Shankland, 1990). When a selectedgroup of neurons,including an immature AS homologue, are ablated on one side of a ...
... of manifesting the mature AS phenotype and suggestthat there is a determinative interaction betweenthese 2 neurons that is responsiblefor their asymmetricdifferentiation (Martindale and Shankland, 1990). When a selectedgroup of neurons,including an immature AS homologue, are ablated on one side of a ...
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - Alzheimer Society of Canada
... to deteriorate. Alzheimer's disease also affects behaviour, mood and emotions, and the ability to perform daily living activities. Other forms of dementia resemble Alzheimer's disease in that they also involve a progressive degeneration of brain cells that is currently irreversible. They include the ...
... to deteriorate. Alzheimer's disease also affects behaviour, mood and emotions, and the ability to perform daily living activities. Other forms of dementia resemble Alzheimer's disease in that they also involve a progressive degeneration of brain cells that is currently irreversible. They include the ...
Reticular activating system of a central pattern generator
... A fundamental problem in neuroscience is the understanding of neuronal mechanisms by which the movement is originated. These mechanisms have been mostly investigated in forebrain structures by means of premovement electrical potentials recorded in the brain. In 1965, Kornhuber and Deecke published a ...
... A fundamental problem in neuroscience is the understanding of neuronal mechanisms by which the movement is originated. These mechanisms have been mostly investigated in forebrain structures by means of premovement electrical potentials recorded in the brain. In 1965, Kornhuber and Deecke published a ...
PDF - Center for Theoretical Neuroscience
... ence of TTX when the temperature is elevated. This if occur the may higher increases the Ca++ current, for temperature In summary, a relatively minor example. modification of the ratio of the maximal conductances of the currents involved in burst generation can markedly influence the dynamic activit ...
... ence of TTX when the temperature is elevated. This if occur the may higher increases the Ca++ current, for temperature In summary, a relatively minor example. modification of the ratio of the maximal conductances of the currents involved in burst generation can markedly influence the dynamic activit ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Dynamics and Synchronization in Neuronal Models
... Since many years scientists have been studying the nervous system and its constituent elements. One of the most notable advances in the description of the structural and functional units of the nervous system came from the Spanish physician Santiago Ramón y Cajal in the late 19th century with his ne ...
... Since many years scientists have been studying the nervous system and its constituent elements. One of the most notable advances in the description of the structural and functional units of the nervous system came from the Spanish physician Santiago Ramón y Cajal in the late 19th century with his ne ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has remained a mystery because blockade of any conventional voltage- or ligand- gated channel does not prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently ou ...
... linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has remained a mystery because blockade of any conventional voltage- or ligand- gated channel does not prevent ischemic or “anoxic” depolarization (AD) propagating across grey matter. Recently ou ...
File
... • Deficiency of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) • Deficiency of serotonin/excess in norepinephrine ...
... • Deficiency of g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) • Deficiency of serotonin/excess in norepinephrine ...
Cortico–basal ganglia circuit mechanism for a decision threshold in
... model for the superior colliculus burst cells, and we tested the hypothesis that these burst cells are suitable for reading out threshold crossing in upstream neurons. Furthermore, the superior colliculus is known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary ...
... model for the superior colliculus burst cells, and we tested the hypothesis that these burst cells are suitable for reading out threshold crossing in upstream neurons. Furthermore, the superior colliculus is known to be under the control of the basal ganglia, which have a critical role in voluntary ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... most OSNs respond to multiple ligands, and most ligands activate multiple OSNs; OSNs can be broadly tuned, narrowly tuned, or be somewhere in between; and recruitment of OSN types increases with concentration, as OSNs become more broadly tuned at higher concentrations. Olfactory receptor neurons als ...
... most OSNs respond to multiple ligands, and most ligands activate multiple OSNs; OSNs can be broadly tuned, narrowly tuned, or be somewhere in between; and recruitment of OSN types increases with concentration, as OSNs become more broadly tuned at higher concentrations. Olfactory receptor neurons als ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.