What Are the Units of Brain Function?
... into water. And, because this robot has no lights or cameras, you can infer that it is not meant to see. The structure of the robot suggests its function. So it is with cells. But there is a problem in examining the cells of the nervous system for insights into their function. Nervous system cells a ...
... into water. And, because this robot has no lights or cameras, you can infer that it is not meant to see. The structure of the robot suggests its function. So it is with cells. But there is a problem in examining the cells of the nervous system for insights into their function. Nervous system cells a ...
the giant serotonergic neuron of aplysia: a multi
... of synapses on axonal processes and cell bodies of neurons in the buccal ganglion and, unexpectedly, it forms appositions most often with glial cells which form the lining of intraganglionic hemal sinuses. Thus, GCN, through contacts on a variety of postsynaptic targets, has the potential of mediati ...
... of synapses on axonal processes and cell bodies of neurons in the buccal ganglion and, unexpectedly, it forms appositions most often with glial cells which form the lining of intraganglionic hemal sinuses. Thus, GCN, through contacts on a variety of postsynaptic targets, has the potential of mediati ...
Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex GABA Concentration in Humans
... Significance Statement This study demonstrated for the first time that the amount of gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain, in an individual’s prefrontal cortex predicts working memory (WM) task performance. Given that WM is required for many of the most ...
... Significance Statement This study demonstrated for the first time that the amount of gamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain, in an individual’s prefrontal cortex predicts working memory (WM) task performance. Given that WM is required for many of the most ...
Neural computations that underlie decisions about sensory stimuli
... light, with some values being more likely than others when light is present (see Box 1). How do you use the value from the detector to decide if the light was present? This problem consists of deciding which hypothesis – light is present (h1) or light is absent (h2) – is most likely to be true given ...
... light, with some values being more likely than others when light is present (see Box 1). How do you use the value from the detector to decide if the light was present? This problem consists of deciding which hypothesis – light is present (h1) or light is absent (h2) – is most likely to be true given ...
The Role of NMDA and Non-NMDA Excitatory Amino Acid
... non-NMDA receptors with low-threshold inputs, presumably those transmitted by large myelinated fibers, while the NMDA receptors have been proposed to mediate nociceptive inputs, presumably from A6 and C fibers (Gerber and Randic, 1989a,b; Dickenson and Sullivan, 1990). Behavioral studieshave shown t ...
... non-NMDA receptors with low-threshold inputs, presumably those transmitted by large myelinated fibers, while the NMDA receptors have been proposed to mediate nociceptive inputs, presumably from A6 and C fibers (Gerber and Randic, 1989a,b; Dickenson and Sullivan, 1990). Behavioral studieshave shown t ...
Olfactory System and Olfaction (Molitor): Worksheet Stephanie Lee
... Describe how odorants are converted into olfactory nerve action potentials Olfactory receptor selectivity 1. ORNs typically exhibit single type of odorant ______ 2. Odorant ______s can respond to single or multiple odorants 3. Therefore, some ORNs respond to single or multiple odorants 4. Depends on ...
... Describe how odorants are converted into olfactory nerve action potentials Olfactory receptor selectivity 1. ORNs typically exhibit single type of odorant ______ 2. Odorant ______s can respond to single or multiple odorants 3. Therefore, some ORNs respond to single or multiple odorants 4. Depends on ...
A Learning Rule for the Emergence of Stable Dynamics and Timing
... generating network activity. However, it did not converge to a steady state in which neurons stabilized at their target activity level. Instead, oscillatory behavior was observed. This behavior was observed in dozens of stimulations with different initial conditions and independent of the learning r ...
... generating network activity. However, it did not converge to a steady state in which neurons stabilized at their target activity level. Instead, oscillatory behavior was observed. This behavior was observed in dozens of stimulations with different initial conditions and independent of the learning r ...
Skeletal System
... The human body contains many billions of neurons which are the basic structural units of the nervous system Neurons are highly specialized cells that conduct electrical signals from one part of the body to another These signals are transmitted along the plasma membrane in the form of nerve impulses ...
... The human body contains many billions of neurons which are the basic structural units of the nervous system Neurons are highly specialized cells that conduct electrical signals from one part of the body to another These signals are transmitted along the plasma membrane in the form of nerve impulses ...
Molecular Underpinnings of Motor Pattern Generation: Differential
... of neuronal firing and phase relationships in the motor pattern (Hartline, 1979; Graubard and Hartline, 1991; Tierney and HarrisWarrick, 1992; Harris-Warrick et al., 1995a,b; Baro et al., 1997). There are two A-channel ␣-subunit-encoding genes in arthropods, shaker and shal (Salkoff et al., 1992; Ts ...
... of neuronal firing and phase relationships in the motor pattern (Hartline, 1979; Graubard and Hartline, 1991; Tierney and HarrisWarrick, 1992; Harris-Warrick et al., 1995a,b; Baro et al., 1997). There are two A-channel ␣-subunit-encoding genes in arthropods, shaker and shal (Salkoff et al., 1992; Ts ...
Neural Crest Cells and Axonal Specificity
... of Wnt, FGF, and BMP’s induces formation of Slug and Rho B proteins slug – dissociation of tight junctions, loss of N-cadherin Rho B – promotes actin polymerization into microfilaments ...
... of Wnt, FGF, and BMP’s induces formation of Slug and Rho B proteins slug – dissociation of tight junctions, loss of N-cadherin Rho B – promotes actin polymerization into microfilaments ...
Astrocyte Regulation of Blood Flow in the Brain
... hyperemia has been studied intensely. Several mechanisms of glial control of CBF have been proposed and tested. These mechanisms are discussed in the following sections. NEUROVASCULAR COUPLING ...
... hyperemia has been studied intensely. Several mechanisms of glial control of CBF have been proposed and tested. These mechanisms are discussed in the following sections. NEUROVASCULAR COUPLING ...
PDF
... A (AcCoA) used for the acetylation of Asp, and NAA is the only precursor of NAAG. Thus, NAA and NAAG are metabolically linked substances that are synthesized by neurons as a function of their rate of Glc utilization. However, neurons cannot catabolize either of these substances, so that their metabo ...
... A (AcCoA) used for the acetylation of Asp, and NAA is the only precursor of NAAG. Thus, NAA and NAAG are metabolically linked substances that are synthesized by neurons as a function of their rate of Glc utilization. However, neurons cannot catabolize either of these substances, so that their metabo ...
Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of
... the establishment of STM. Inhibition of such synaptic activity through blockage of ACh receptor activation by specific antagonist prevents STM. In a similar fashion, inhibition of glutamate receptor activation, such as the NMDA and AMPA receptors, affects STM formation. This memory process is also a ...
... the establishment of STM. Inhibition of such synaptic activity through blockage of ACh receptor activation by specific antagonist prevents STM. In a similar fashion, inhibition of glutamate receptor activation, such as the NMDA and AMPA receptors, affects STM formation. This memory process is also a ...
Evidence of a Specific Spinal Pathway for the
... Iannetti, G.D., A. Truini, A. Romaniello, F. Galeotti, C. Rizzo, M. Manfredi, and G. Cruccu. Evidence of a specific spinal pathway for the sense of warmth in humans. J Neurophysiol 89: 562–570, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00393.2002. While research on human sensory processing shows that warm input is conveyed ...
... Iannetti, G.D., A. Truini, A. Romaniello, F. Galeotti, C. Rizzo, M. Manfredi, and G. Cruccu. Evidence of a specific spinal pathway for the sense of warmth in humans. J Neurophysiol 89: 562–570, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00393.2002. While research on human sensory processing shows that warm input is conveyed ...
Evidence of a Specific Spinal Pathway for the Sense of Warmth in
... Iannetti, G.D., A. Truini, A. Romaniello, F. Galeotti, C. Rizzo, M. Manfredi, and G. Cruccu. Evidence of a specific spinal pathway for the sense of warmth in humans. J Neurophysiol 89: 562–570, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00393.2002. While research on human sensory processing shows that warm input is conveyed ...
... Iannetti, G.D., A. Truini, A. Romaniello, F. Galeotti, C. Rizzo, M. Manfredi, and G. Cruccu. Evidence of a specific spinal pathway for the sense of warmth in humans. J Neurophysiol 89: 562–570, 2003; 10.1152/jn.00393.2002. While research on human sensory processing shows that warm input is conveyed ...
The Evaluation of Weakness in the
... Increased decrement and blocking at increased temperature due to increased acetylcholinesterase activity May account for the fact that the effect is more pronounced in proximal muscles ...
... Increased decrement and blocking at increased temperature due to increased acetylcholinesterase activity May account for the fact that the effect is more pronounced in proximal muscles ...
Synchronization and coordination of sequences in two neural
... 共Received 12 August 2004; published 21 June 2005兲 There are many types of neural networks involved in the sequential motor behavior of animals. For high species, the control and coordination of the network dynamics is a function of the higher levels of the central nervous system, in particular the c ...
... 共Received 12 August 2004; published 21 June 2005兲 There are many types of neural networks involved in the sequential motor behavior of animals. For high species, the control and coordination of the network dynamics is a function of the higher levels of the central nervous system, in particular the c ...
Studying the Brain`s Structure and Functions: Spying on the Brain
... Many students have encountered the material in this unit before, either in biology or in high school psychology. The trick, then, is to make this material clear but also different enough in orientation from what they have learned earlier so that it will engage their interest. To the extent that you ...
... Many students have encountered the material in this unit before, either in biology or in high school psychology. The trick, then, is to make this material clear but also different enough in orientation from what they have learned earlier so that it will engage their interest. To the extent that you ...
Inhibitory inputs increase a neurons`s "ring rate
... the Hodgkin}Huxley (HH) and FitzHugh}Nagumo (FHN) models. As in the literature [10,3,9], we assume that a neuron receives inputs ranging from purely excitatory inputs to exactly balanced inhibitory and excitatory inputs. We term the phenomenon increasing-inhibition boosted "ring (IBF). A natural and ...
... the Hodgkin}Huxley (HH) and FitzHugh}Nagumo (FHN) models. As in the literature [10,3,9], we assume that a neuron receives inputs ranging from purely excitatory inputs to exactly balanced inhibitory and excitatory inputs. We term the phenomenon increasing-inhibition boosted "ring (IBF). A natural and ...
Neural Networks – An Introduction
... • Activation level is passed through a sigmoid activation function to determine output. ...
... • Activation level is passed through a sigmoid activation function to determine output. ...
doc midterm 1 chapter notes
... o He opposed Muller in that he believed all physiological phenomena can be subject to experimental investigation (they are all mechanistic). ...
... o He opposed Muller in that he believed all physiological phenomena can be subject to experimental investigation (they are all mechanistic). ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.