Somatosensory Substrates of Flight Control in Bats
... To fly, bats rely on rapid integration of sensory inputs to guide adaptive motor outputs. The contribution of hearing and vision to bat flight behaviors is established (Horowitz et al., 2004; Simmons et al., 1979); however, the role of touch has been largely overlooked since the discovery of echoloc ...
... To fly, bats rely on rapid integration of sensory inputs to guide adaptive motor outputs. The contribution of hearing and vision to bat flight behaviors is established (Horowitz et al., 2004; Simmons et al., 1979); however, the role of touch has been largely overlooked since the discovery of echoloc ...
Neurophysiology: Serotonin`s many meanings elude simple theories
... inhibition) and dopamine (putatively linked with reward and activation) playing opposing roles (Deakin and Graeff, 1991). However, there is both electrophysiological and optogenetic evidence that serotonin is involved in many other roles, such as rhythmic motor activity (Ranade and Mainen, 2009). Th ...
... inhibition) and dopamine (putatively linked with reward and activation) playing opposing roles (Deakin and Graeff, 1991). However, there is both electrophysiological and optogenetic evidence that serotonin is involved in many other roles, such as rhythmic motor activity (Ranade and Mainen, 2009). Th ...
Proceedings - Neuroscience Meetings
... Summary. Single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole led to slowly developing memory impairments in rats, accompanied by elimination of excessive newly generated young cells which were born in the hippocampus soon after the seizures and transient activation of m ...
... Summary. Single episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole led to slowly developing memory impairments in rats, accompanied by elimination of excessive newly generated young cells which were born in the hippocampus soon after the seizures and transient activation of m ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... excitation-release coupling with a high fidelity (159) is also the subject of activity-dependent regulation that may lead to spike broadening (209). Generally, axons from the CNS are highly ramified and contact several hundreds of target neurons locally or distally. But, the function of the axon is ...
... excitation-release coupling with a high fidelity (159) is also the subject of activity-dependent regulation that may lead to spike broadening (209). Generally, axons from the CNS are highly ramified and contact several hundreds of target neurons locally or distally. But, the function of the axon is ...
The Study of the Nervous System in Psychology
... Many students have encountered the material in this unit before, either in biology or in high school psychology. The trick, then, is to make this material clear but also different enough in orientation from what they have learned earlier so that it will engage their interest. To the extent that you ...
... Many students have encountered the material in this unit before, either in biology or in high school psychology. The trick, then, is to make this material clear but also different enough in orientation from what they have learned earlier so that it will engage their interest. To the extent that you ...
FREE Sample Here
... Many students have encountered the material in this unit before, either in biology or in high school psychology. The trick, then, is to make this material clear but also different enough in orientation from what they have learned earlier so that it will engage their interest. To the extent that you ...
... Many students have encountered the material in this unit before, either in biology or in high school psychology. The trick, then, is to make this material clear but also different enough in orientation from what they have learned earlier so that it will engage their interest. To the extent that you ...
Changes in P2Y2 receptor localization on adrenaline
... Using immunohistochemistry, the occurrence and age-related changes of the P2Y2 receptor was investigated in the adrenal gland of rat at different ages, ranging from embryonic day E16 to 22 months. Immunoreactivity for the P2Y2 receptor was present in chromaffin cells and nerve fibres at all ages exa ...
... Using immunohistochemistry, the occurrence and age-related changes of the P2Y2 receptor was investigated in the adrenal gland of rat at different ages, ranging from embryonic day E16 to 22 months. Immunoreactivity for the P2Y2 receptor was present in chromaffin cells and nerve fibres at all ages exa ...
Reinforcement, and Punishment Striatal Mechanisms Underlying
... of the other monoamines norepinephrine and serotonin, implicating dopamine as the most important monoamine in this structure (16). Following this finding, Ehringer and Hornykiewicz discovered that the main pathology underlying Parkinson’s disease was the loss of dopamine from the striatum (48, 49), ...
... of the other monoamines norepinephrine and serotonin, implicating dopamine as the most important monoamine in this structure (16). Following this finding, Ehringer and Hornykiewicz discovered that the main pathology underlying Parkinson’s disease was the loss of dopamine from the striatum (48, 49), ...
FREE Sample Here
... Many students have encountered the material in this unit before, either in biology or in high school psychology. The trick, then, is to make this material clear but also different enough in orientation from what they have learned earlier so that it will engage their interest. To the extent that you ...
... Many students have encountered the material in this unit before, either in biology or in high school psychology. The trick, then, is to make this material clear but also different enough in orientation from what they have learned earlier so that it will engage their interest. To the extent that you ...
The neuronal structure of the substantia nigra in the guinea pig
... than have been reported in the adult [23,34]. Schwyn and Fox [34] as well as Phelps and Adinolfi [33] came to the conclusion that most of these spines observed in the SN newborn infant disappear during the early stages of development. A significant loss of dendritic spines and dendrites was also obs ...
... than have been reported in the adult [23,34]. Schwyn and Fox [34] as well as Phelps and Adinolfi [33] came to the conclusion that most of these spines observed in the SN newborn infant disappear during the early stages of development. A significant loss of dendritic spines and dendrites was also obs ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... activity, resulting from Ca2þ entry through voltage-gated channels following depolarization of the terminals by invading action potentials [58]. The available stores of small electron-lucent vesicles (ELVs) at synapses are replenished by endocytotic recycling and they are quickly re-filled with neur ...
... activity, resulting from Ca2þ entry through voltage-gated channels following depolarization of the terminals by invading action potentials [58]. The available stores of small electron-lucent vesicles (ELVs) at synapses are replenished by endocytotic recycling and they are quickly re-filled with neur ...
Resonate-and-fire neurons
... but simple, resonate-and-®re model that illustrates how subthreshold oscillations may affect a neuron's spiking dynamics. The resonate-and-®re model is the simplest possible model to exhibit damped oscillation of membrane potential, and it makes many non-trivial ideas easy to understand and illustra ...
... but simple, resonate-and-®re model that illustrates how subthreshold oscillations may affect a neuron's spiking dynamics. The resonate-and-®re model is the simplest possible model to exhibit damped oscillation of membrane potential, and it makes many non-trivial ideas easy to understand and illustra ...
Chapter 2 - IFSC-USP
... This conductive core can then be connected to a voltmeter, such as an oscilloscope, to record the transmembrane voltage of the nerve cell. The first type of electrical phenomenon can be observed as soon as a microelectrode is inserted through the membrane of the neuron. Upon entering the cell, the m ...
... This conductive core can then be connected to a voltmeter, such as an oscilloscope, to record the transmembrane voltage of the nerve cell. The first type of electrical phenomenon can be observed as soon as a microelectrode is inserted through the membrane of the neuron. Upon entering the cell, the m ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... activity, resulting from Ca2þ entry through voltage-gated channels following depolarization of the terminals by invading action potentials [58]. The available stores of small electron-lucent vesicles (ELVs) at synapses are replenished by endocytotic recycling and they are quickly re-filled with neur ...
... activity, resulting from Ca2þ entry through voltage-gated channels following depolarization of the terminals by invading action potentials [58]. The available stores of small electron-lucent vesicles (ELVs) at synapses are replenished by endocytotic recycling and they are quickly re-filled with neur ...
Cinnabarinic Acid, an Endogenous Metabolite of the Kynurenine
... Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway that meets the structural requirements to interact with glutamate receptors. We found that cinnabarinic acid acts as a partial agonist of type 4 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu4) receptors, with no activity at other mGlu receptor s ...
... Cinnabarinic acid is an endogenous metabolite of the kynurenine pathway that meets the structural requirements to interact with glutamate receptors. We found that cinnabarinic acid acts as a partial agonist of type 4 metabotropic glutamate (mGlu4) receptors, with no activity at other mGlu receptor s ...
Full Text
... volatile anesthetics in the LGICs are the cavities formed within the core of transmembrane four-helix bundles. For many years since the era of Meyer and Overton,1,2 the mechanisms of anesthetic action were thought to be mediated via the lipid bilayer of cells involved in neuronal pathways fundamenta ...
... volatile anesthetics in the LGICs are the cavities formed within the core of transmembrane four-helix bundles. For many years since the era of Meyer and Overton,1,2 the mechanisms of anesthetic action were thought to be mediated via the lipid bilayer of cells involved in neuronal pathways fundamenta ...
The Origins of Two-State Spontaneous Membrane Potential
... (and to deactivate the inwardly rectifying Kt current), it was proposed that the cell would be clamped near the K+ equilibrium potential by the potassium-selective inward rectifier. The depolarized state (which will be called the Up state) was attributed to the interaction between excitatory input a ...
... (and to deactivate the inwardly rectifying Kt current), it was proposed that the cell would be clamped near the K+ equilibrium potential by the potassium-selective inward rectifier. The depolarized state (which will be called the Up state) was attributed to the interaction between excitatory input a ...
PDF Document
... tools to ASICs to create two-component optogenetic constructs (TCOs), we found that acidification of the local extracellular membrane surface by a light-activated proton pump recruited a slow inward ASIC current, which required molecular proximity of the two components on the membrane. To elicit mor ...
... tools to ASICs to create two-component optogenetic constructs (TCOs), we found that acidification of the local extracellular membrane surface by a light-activated proton pump recruited a slow inward ASIC current, which required molecular proximity of the two components on the membrane. To elicit mor ...
Genome wide expression profiling of the
... Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons comprising the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are known to be crucial for diverse yet essential brain functions, such as associative motor learning, emotion and reinforcement (Berke and Hyman, 2000). Moreover, dysfunction of the md ...
... Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons comprising the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are known to be crucial for diverse yet essential brain functions, such as associative motor learning, emotion and reinforcement (Berke and Hyman, 2000). Moreover, dysfunction of the md ...
Monitoring and switching of cortico-basal ganglia loop
... 4. Monitoring and switching of top-down biased control functions of cortico-basal ganglia loops through the thalamo-striatal system As described above, the CM and Pf receive signals from the internal segment of the globus pallidus and from the substantia nigra pars reticulata, respectively (Sidibé e ...
... 4. Monitoring and switching of top-down biased control functions of cortico-basal ganglia loops through the thalamo-striatal system As described above, the CM and Pf receive signals from the internal segment of the globus pallidus and from the substantia nigra pars reticulata, respectively (Sidibé e ...
A Self-Organizing Neural Network That Learns to
... themto become active tain regulated conditions. The disinhibitory signals without bottom-up excitation, thena Hebbian-type produce an excitatory effect at their target neurons. learning rulewouldcauseitslateral excitatory conOur new disinhibition rule specifies that when a nections to theotherneuron ...
... themto become active tain regulated conditions. The disinhibitory signals without bottom-up excitation, thena Hebbian-type produce an excitatory effect at their target neurons. learning rulewouldcauseitslateral excitatory conOur new disinhibition rule specifies that when a nections to theotherneuron ...
PDF file
... Neural modulation addresses how a few particular types of neural transmitters are used by the central nervous system to regulate the development and operations of its circuits in general, and intrinsic motivation in particular. The material in the previous section deals with signal processing in hig ...
... Neural modulation addresses how a few particular types of neural transmitters are used by the central nervous system to regulate the development and operations of its circuits in general, and intrinsic motivation in particular. The material in the previous section deals with signal processing in hig ...
The Roles of Excitatory Amino Acids and Cytokines in Morphine
... patients who received long-term intrathecal morphine for pain relief [27]. These findings indicate a correlation between spinal cord EAA release and the development of morphine tolerance. Recently, amitriptyline has been shown to prevent the development of morphine tolerance [28, 29]. Moreover, pre- ...
... patients who received long-term intrathecal morphine for pain relief [27]. These findings indicate a correlation between spinal cord EAA release and the development of morphine tolerance. Recently, amitriptyline has been shown to prevent the development of morphine tolerance [28, 29]. Moreover, pre- ...
Synaptic reverberation underlying mnemonic persistent activity
... (Fig. 1d). Voltage- and Ca2+-gated ion channels could in principle generate bistability between a resting state and an active state sustained by a ‘plateau potential’13,14. Activation of relevant ion currents (such as a Ca2+-activated cation current ICan) could require neuromodulatory signals such a ...
... (Fig. 1d). Voltage- and Ca2+-gated ion channels could in principle generate bistability between a resting state and an active state sustained by a ‘plateau potential’13,14. Activation of relevant ion currents (such as a Ca2+-activated cation current ICan) could require neuromodulatory signals such a ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.