Neuronal oscillations and brain wave dynamics in a LIF model
... When researching time-sensitive phenomena like oscillations, one cannot use traditional rate based neural networks since these are insensitive to timing and thus can never give rise to synchronized behavior. Instead, a pulse-based model is needed. There are many pulse-based models out there, but mos ...
... When researching time-sensitive phenomena like oscillations, one cannot use traditional rate based neural networks since these are insensitive to timing and thus can never give rise to synchronized behavior. Instead, a pulse-based model is needed. There are many pulse-based models out there, but mos ...
32 MaxPlanckResearch 3 | 09 Small but mighty: In mice, around ten
... higher concentrations, however, molecules with similar structures also activate the receptor. The olfactory sensory neurons that are activated in this way transform the olfactory stimuli into electrical signals. They do this through a chain of ...
... higher concentrations, however, molecules with similar structures also activate the receptor. The olfactory sensory neurons that are activated in this way transform the olfactory stimuli into electrical signals. They do this through a chain of ...
Functions of the Nervous System 1. Sensory input 2. Integration 3
... • Occasional branches (axon collaterals) ...
... • Occasional branches (axon collaterals) ...
EEG Alpha Oscillations The inhibition
... ERS when a learned motor task must be withhold • Experiment by Hummel 1. Subjects trained for a finger movement task 2. In ACT condition the subject should look at the cue and perform the ...
... ERS when a learned motor task must be withhold • Experiment by Hummel 1. Subjects trained for a finger movement task 2. In ACT condition the subject should look at the cue and perform the ...
Potential Utility of Optogenetics in the Study of
... time spent in the interaction zone (near the novel mouse) or time spent in the corner zone (away from the novel mouse). Panels on the right show examples of a mouse avoiding the novel mouse (top right) or interacting with the novel mouse (bottom right) when neuronal activity is controlled in vivo wi ...
... time spent in the interaction zone (near the novel mouse) or time spent in the corner zone (away from the novel mouse). Panels on the right show examples of a mouse avoiding the novel mouse (top right) or interacting with the novel mouse (bottom right) when neuronal activity is controlled in vivo wi ...
Vibration Sensitivity and a Computational Theory for Prey
... SYNOPSIS. As burrowing, nocturnal predators of small arthropods, sand scorpions have evolved exquisite sensitivity to vibrational information that comes to them through the substrate they live on, dry sand. Over distances of a few decimeters, sand conducts low velocity (;50 m/sec) surface (Rayleigh) ...
... SYNOPSIS. As burrowing, nocturnal predators of small arthropods, sand scorpions have evolved exquisite sensitivity to vibrational information that comes to them through the substrate they live on, dry sand. Over distances of a few decimeters, sand conducts low velocity (;50 m/sec) surface (Rayleigh) ...
Depolarization stimulates lamellipodia formation and
... according to Dotti et al. w10x. The distinction between filopodia and Žvery short. neurites or terminal segments was defined by length. Extensions longer than 0.7 m m and shorter than 5.1 m m were designated filopodia. Extensions equal to or longer than 5.1 m m were designated neurites if they emerg ...
... according to Dotti et al. w10x. The distinction between filopodia and Žvery short. neurites or terminal segments was defined by length. Extensions longer than 0.7 m m and shorter than 5.1 m m were designated filopodia. Extensions equal to or longer than 5.1 m m were designated neurites if they emerg ...
Challenges of understanding brain function by selective modulation
... the CNS [22]. First, pieces of brain tissue were physically removed and, later, silenced by injection of toxic chemicals or local tissue cooling (Table 1). A major refinement in selective modulation came with electrical stimulation. Since 1870 [23] it is used both to identify the function of brain a ...
... the CNS [22]. First, pieces of brain tissue were physically removed and, later, silenced by injection of toxic chemicals or local tissue cooling (Table 1). A major refinement in selective modulation came with electrical stimulation. Since 1870 [23] it is used both to identify the function of brain a ...
Basic Mechanisms Underlying Seizures and Epilepsy
... • Ionotropic—fast synaptic transmission • Three subtypes – AMPA, kainate, NMDA • Glutamate-gated cation channels ...
... • Ionotropic—fast synaptic transmission • Three subtypes – AMPA, kainate, NMDA • Glutamate-gated cation channels ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION Localization of a vocal pattern generator
... before and during vocalization; none of them was active during mastication, swallowing or quiet respiration. Furthermore, the neuronal activity of these neurons reflected acoustic features, such as call duration or syllable structure of frequency-modulated vocalization, directly. Based on these find ...
... before and during vocalization; none of them was active during mastication, swallowing or quiet respiration. Furthermore, the neuronal activity of these neurons reflected acoustic features, such as call duration or syllable structure of frequency-modulated vocalization, directly. Based on these find ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... contrast, amthamine (0.1–300 mM), another H2 agonist, was without effect on the nerve mediated contractions (fig. 4). The potent H3 receptor agonist R-a-methylhistamine (0.001–1 mM) reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner, the nerve mediated contraction when applied to the anal ...
... contrast, amthamine (0.1–300 mM), another H2 agonist, was without effect on the nerve mediated contractions (fig. 4). The potent H3 receptor agonist R-a-methylhistamine (0.001–1 mM) reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner, the nerve mediated contraction when applied to the anal ...
The Neurons that Control Axial Movements in a Frog Embryo1
... cipal neuron types discussed here do not My aim here, inspired by the early stud- change much from stage 33/34 to 37/38. ies of Coghill (1929), is to take a broad look Throughout this period it seems that latat a very simple vertebrate nervous system eral eyes, the olfactory systems and the vesand s ...
... cipal neuron types discussed here do not My aim here, inspired by the early stud- change much from stage 33/34 to 37/38. ies of Coghill (1929), is to take a broad look Throughout this period it seems that latat a very simple vertebrate nervous system eral eyes, the olfactory systems and the vesand s ...
Golgi Tendon Reflux
... length by causing muscle contraction. In contrast, the tendon reflex operates as a feedback mechanism to control muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation before muscle force becomes so great that tendons might be torn. Although the tendon reflex is less sensitive than the stretch reflex, it can o ...
... length by causing muscle contraction. In contrast, the tendon reflex operates as a feedback mechanism to control muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation before muscle force becomes so great that tendons might be torn. Although the tendon reflex is less sensitive than the stretch reflex, it can o ...
Synaptic and peptidergic connectome of a neurosecretory
... Neurosecretory centres in animal brains use peptidergic signalling to influence physiology and behaviour. Understanding neurosecretory centre function requires mapping cell types, synapses, and peptidergic networks. Here we use electron microscopy and gene expression mapping to analyse the synaptic ...
... Neurosecretory centres in animal brains use peptidergic signalling to influence physiology and behaviour. Understanding neurosecretory centre function requires mapping cell types, synapses, and peptidergic networks. Here we use electron microscopy and gene expression mapping to analyse the synaptic ...
Heart, Vascular Smooth Muscle, Excitation
... compliance, and cardiac contractility. We now turn to specific functionalities for cardiac contractility based on Ca2+ signaling in excitation-contraction coupling. The modifications discussed apply specifically to cardiac muscle and not to skeletal muscle. The observations described might raise que ...
... compliance, and cardiac contractility. We now turn to specific functionalities for cardiac contractility based on Ca2+ signaling in excitation-contraction coupling. The modifications discussed apply specifically to cardiac muscle and not to skeletal muscle. The observations described might raise que ...
Parkinsonian Treatments and L-Dopa vs. D
... experiences a reward, the dopamine levels in the brain elevate (Yavich, 2007). This also comes in to play with addiction. Many addictive drugs, act directly on the dopamine system—thus, when a person “gets high”, they feel rewarded for their actions, and therefore, continue to take the drug. Dopamin ...
... experiences a reward, the dopamine levels in the brain elevate (Yavich, 2007). This also comes in to play with addiction. Many addictive drugs, act directly on the dopamine system—thus, when a person “gets high”, they feel rewarded for their actions, and therefore, continue to take the drug. Dopamin ...
Experimental Demyelination
... drugs ie IFN-β-1a and 1b and random polymer. • Experimental immunomodulatory ‘drugs’ that prevent white cell movement across brain endothelia by blocking cell adhesion such as natalizumab and alemtuzumab (important toxic side effects are known) • Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that attaches to ...
... drugs ie IFN-β-1a and 1b and random polymer. • Experimental immunomodulatory ‘drugs’ that prevent white cell movement across brain endothelia by blocking cell adhesion such as natalizumab and alemtuzumab (important toxic side effects are known) • Natalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that attaches to ...
14. Assessment of the nervous system
... innervation except the mimic muscles and tongue muscles that have unilateral innervation from the opposite hemisphere The muscles of upper and lower extremities, lower mimic muscles and tongue muscles have unilateral cortical innervation All the other muscles (the muscles of neck, ...
... innervation except the mimic muscles and tongue muscles that have unilateral innervation from the opposite hemisphere The muscles of upper and lower extremities, lower mimic muscles and tongue muscles have unilateral cortical innervation All the other muscles (the muscles of neck, ...
Divisions of the Nervous System
... The Central Nervous System The Spinal Cord Serves as a sort of neural cable, connecting the brain with parts of the peripheral nervous system extending into the trunk and limbs. Does not connect the brain to internal organs. Responsible for simple reflexes. ...
... The Central Nervous System The Spinal Cord Serves as a sort of neural cable, connecting the brain with parts of the peripheral nervous system extending into the trunk and limbs. Does not connect the brain to internal organs. Responsible for simple reflexes. ...
Synaptic Integration in Rat Frontal Cortex Shaped by Network Activity
... preparations show a strongly reduced network activity, or none at all. Several factors tend to indicate that this absence of network activity could introduce an important bias when measuring neuronal integrative properties. For instance, it has been predicted on the basis of theoretical studies (Ber ...
... preparations show a strongly reduced network activity, or none at all. Several factors tend to indicate that this absence of network activity could introduce an important bias when measuring neuronal integrative properties. For instance, it has been predicted on the basis of theoretical studies (Ber ...
F214 Content checklist
... Explain, with the aid of diagrams and electron micrographs, how the structure of mitochondria enables them to carry out their functions. State that the link reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. Outline the link reaction, with reference to decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetate and the r ...
... Explain, with the aid of diagrams and electron micrographs, how the structure of mitochondria enables them to carry out their functions. State that the link reaction takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. Outline the link reaction, with reference to decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetate and the r ...
Regulation of synaptic functions in central nervous system by
... and thus cause postsynaptic depolarization. Most AMPARs in CNS contain GluR2 subunit and are permeable to Na + and K + , but not Ca2 + , whereas those AMPARs without GluR2 subunit are permeable to Ca2 + , in addition to Na + and K + [15]. Fast inhibitory neurotransmission is mainly mediated by ionot ...
... and thus cause postsynaptic depolarization. Most AMPARs in CNS contain GluR2 subunit and are permeable to Na + and K + , but not Ca2 + , whereas those AMPARs without GluR2 subunit are permeable to Ca2 + , in addition to Na + and K + [15]. Fast inhibitory neurotransmission is mainly mediated by ionot ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.