This article was originally published in a journal published by
... impairments as strong as the ones caused by complete medial septal lesions, suggesting that the role of this cholinergic innervation in spatial memory encoding can be substituted by GABAergic innervation from the medial septum [14]. Anatomical localization studies enable linking of behavioral effect ...
... impairments as strong as the ones caused by complete medial septal lesions, suggesting that the role of this cholinergic innervation in spatial memory encoding can be substituted by GABAergic innervation from the medial septum [14]. Anatomical localization studies enable linking of behavioral effect ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... rect interaction and did not need to be hydrolysed into arachidonic acid or to alter the phosphorylation state of the channel. Indeed, anandamide has been shown previously to directly inhibit Shaker-related voltage sensitive K+ -channels at low micromolar concentrations [41]. Although the effect was ...
... rect interaction and did not need to be hydrolysed into arachidonic acid or to alter the phosphorylation state of the channel. Indeed, anandamide has been shown previously to directly inhibit Shaker-related voltage sensitive K+ -channels at low micromolar concentrations [41]. Although the effect was ...
Eagleman Ch 7. The Motor System
... Functions of Medial and Lateral Motor Systems The lateral motor system controls movements guided by external cues. The medial motor system becomes more active when internal signals are needed to select the appropriate action. Damage to the medial motor system results in a lack of spontaneous be ...
... Functions of Medial and Lateral Motor Systems The lateral motor system controls movements guided by external cues. The medial motor system becomes more active when internal signals are needed to select the appropriate action. Damage to the medial motor system results in a lack of spontaneous be ...
Zebrafish and motor control over the last decade
... gap junctional coupling for their production (Saint-Amant and Drapeau, 2001). Later refined movements are used by the larvae during routine swimming, after it has developed a swim bladder to allow it to move from the bottom up into the water column (Borla et al., 2002). Remarkably the larval fish ca ...
... gap junctional coupling for their production (Saint-Amant and Drapeau, 2001). Later refined movements are used by the larvae during routine swimming, after it has developed a swim bladder to allow it to move from the bottom up into the water column (Borla et al., 2002). Remarkably the larval fish ca ...
Model of autism: increased ratio of excitationinhibition in key neural
... This suggests that cellular, molecular and local excitatoryinhibitory circuit-plasticity mechanisms, that can cause hyperexcitable cortical and subcortical states, should be an important dimension of autism origins studies. Because these severe, core changes are commonly paralleled in autistics by a ...
... This suggests that cellular, molecular and local excitatoryinhibitory circuit-plasticity mechanisms, that can cause hyperexcitable cortical and subcortical states, should be an important dimension of autism origins studies. Because these severe, core changes are commonly paralleled in autistics by a ...
Poster Session Abstract Booklet - The New York Academy of Sciences
... Afferent fibers of the vagus nerve serve as a conduit for peripheral neural networks to continually inform the central nervous system of the body’s physiological status. Part of this information includes the immunological status of the host, which is processed by the brain to send an appropriate eff ...
... Afferent fibers of the vagus nerve serve as a conduit for peripheral neural networks to continually inform the central nervous system of the body’s physiological status. Part of this information includes the immunological status of the host, which is processed by the brain to send an appropriate eff ...
The Basics of Brain Development | SpringerLink
... postnatally. The brain increases in size by four-fold during the preschool period, reaching approximately 90% of adult volume by age 6 (Reiss et al. 1996; Iwasaki et al. 1997; Courchesne et al. 2000; Kennedy and Dehay 2001; Paus et al. 2001; Kennedy et al. 2002; Lenroot and Giedd 2006). But structur ...
... postnatally. The brain increases in size by four-fold during the preschool period, reaching approximately 90% of adult volume by age 6 (Reiss et al. 1996; Iwasaki et al. 1997; Courchesne et al. 2000; Kennedy and Dehay 2001; Paus et al. 2001; Kennedy et al. 2002; Lenroot and Giedd 2006). But structur ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... partially depolarized (to ca. 050 mV) and in which afferent inputs can generate action potentials (Wilson, 1993). The cortical inputs are glutamatergic, and the projection neurons have both non-NMDA and NMDA receptors (Kita, 1996). When the projection neurons are in down-state, NMDA receptors are bl ...
... partially depolarized (to ca. 050 mV) and in which afferent inputs can generate action potentials (Wilson, 1993). The cortical inputs are glutamatergic, and the projection neurons have both non-NMDA and NMDA receptors (Kita, 1996). When the projection neurons are in down-state, NMDA receptors are bl ...
Thursday 12th November 2009 - South Thames Acute Pain Group
... Abstract Ketamine was introduced into clinical practice as a dissociative anaesthetic agent and analgesic in 1964 and low-dose infusions were used to treat acute pain as long ago as 1978 [1]. Despite the evidence to show that ketamine can be effective in the management of acute pain [2,3], its use i ...
... Abstract Ketamine was introduced into clinical practice as a dissociative anaesthetic agent and analgesic in 1964 and low-dose infusions were used to treat acute pain as long ago as 1978 [1]. Despite the evidence to show that ketamine can be effective in the management of acute pain [2,3], its use i ...
Chapter 2: The Brain and Behavior
... FIGURE 2.2 Electrical probes placed inside and outside an axon measure its activity. (The scale is exaggerated here. Such measurements require ultra-small electrodes, as described later in this chapter.) The inside of an axon at rest is about -60 to -70 millivolts, compared with the outside. Electro ...
... FIGURE 2.2 Electrical probes placed inside and outside an axon measure its activity. (The scale is exaggerated here. Such measurements require ultra-small electrodes, as described later in this chapter.) The inside of an axon at rest is about -60 to -70 millivolts, compared with the outside. Electro ...
Computing Action Potentials by Phase Interference in
... tory period of one action potential colliding and interfering with another where axons come together at branches and on the axon hillock. The computational information that can be stored by the action potential does not follow the functional phases of the neurophysiological action potential but foll ...
... tory period of one action potential colliding and interfering with another where axons come together at branches and on the axon hillock. The computational information that can be stored by the action potential does not follow the functional phases of the neurophysiological action potential but foll ...
EGardner-pain path g..
... C fibers (unmyelinated free nerve endings) Respond to heat, pinch and cold (HPC receptors) Express TRPV1, TRPA1 and other TRP receptors Respond to irritant chemicals ...
... C fibers (unmyelinated free nerve endings) Respond to heat, pinch and cold (HPC receptors) Express TRPV1, TRPA1 and other TRP receptors Respond to irritant chemicals ...
Neural basis of learning and memory
... perspective, but also biologically as they both involve and are influenced by many of the same neural mechanisms and processes. All memory involves neurological changes that occur as a result of learning. Memory is not a recorded ‘snapshot’ of an event but a neurological representation of the event. ...
... perspective, but also biologically as they both involve and are influenced by many of the same neural mechanisms and processes. All memory involves neurological changes that occur as a result of learning. Memory is not a recorded ‘snapshot’ of an event but a neurological representation of the event. ...
Accurate reconstruction of neuronal morphology
... 6.3.1.2. Injection of biocytin When sharp intracellular electrodes are used, the pipette solution should contain 2-4% biocytin (Sigma) by weight in 1M potassium acetate. This is about the limit in the amount of biocytin that can be dissolved in 1M potassium acetate, and slight warming may be require ...
... 6.3.1.2. Injection of biocytin When sharp intracellular electrodes are used, the pipette solution should contain 2-4% biocytin (Sigma) by weight in 1M potassium acetate. This is about the limit in the amount of biocytin that can be dissolved in 1M potassium acetate, and slight warming may be require ...
Brainwaves ("40 Hz") Research
... Brainwaves -- or the "EEG" -- are electrical signals that can be recorded from the brain either directly or through the scalp. The kind of brainwave recorded depends on the behavior of the animal and is the visible evidence of the kind of neuronal (brain cell) processing necessary for that behavior. ...
... Brainwaves -- or the "EEG" -- are electrical signals that can be recorded from the brain either directly or through the scalp. The kind of brainwave recorded depends on the behavior of the animal and is the visible evidence of the kind of neuronal (brain cell) processing necessary for that behavior. ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 11.8 Dendritic excitability and synaptic plasticity. (A) Blocking backpropagating action potentials with dendritic application of TTX prevents the induction of LTP by pairing EPSPs with action potential firing. (a) CA1 pyramidal neuron filled with a Ca 2+-sensitive dye showing approximate lo ...
... FIGURE 11.8 Dendritic excitability and synaptic plasticity. (A) Blocking backpropagating action potentials with dendritic application of TTX prevents the induction of LTP by pairing EPSPs with action potential firing. (a) CA1 pyramidal neuron filled with a Ca 2+-sensitive dye showing approximate lo ...
Regulation of Respiration
... Cheyne-Stokes breathing, is characterized by slowly waxing and waning respiration occurring about every 40 to 60 seconds. The basic cause of Cheyne-Stokes breathing may occurs in everyone it can be found in congestive heart failure, uremia and in damage of respiratory center. ...
... Cheyne-Stokes breathing, is characterized by slowly waxing and waning respiration occurring about every 40 to 60 seconds. The basic cause of Cheyne-Stokes breathing may occurs in everyone it can be found in congestive heart failure, uremia and in damage of respiratory center. ...
Electrical Synapses between Dopaminergic Neurons of the
... adult rats (Grace and Bunney, 1983b), suggesting the existence of an intercellular communication. Recent studies report the expression of connexins (Cx) in DA neurons in juvenile rats (Leung et al., 2002) but also an absence of dye coupling in these cells (Lin et al., 2003). Thus, gap junctional com ...
... adult rats (Grace and Bunney, 1983b), suggesting the existence of an intercellular communication. Recent studies report the expression of connexins (Cx) in DA neurons in juvenile rats (Leung et al., 2002) but also an absence of dye coupling in these cells (Lin et al., 2003). Thus, gap junctional com ...
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: Therapeutic Targets
... sodium channels but, unlike SNL or axotomy, does not lead to an increase in Nav1.3 expression or a decrease in Nav1.8 channel levels [35]. However, chronic compression injury of dorsal root ganglion causes a shift in voltage dependence of activation of TTX-S channels in a hyperpolarizing direction a ...
... sodium channels but, unlike SNL or axotomy, does not lead to an increase in Nav1.3 expression or a decrease in Nav1.8 channel levels [35]. However, chronic compression injury of dorsal root ganglion causes a shift in voltage dependence of activation of TTX-S channels in a hyperpolarizing direction a ...
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
... sodium channels but, unlike SNL or axotomy, does not lead to an increase in Nav1.3 expression or a decrease in Nav1.8 channel levels [35]. However, chronic compression injury of dorsal root ganglion causes a shift in voltage dependence of activation of TTX-S channels in a hyperpolarizing direction a ...
... sodium channels but, unlike SNL or axotomy, does not lead to an increase in Nav1.3 expression or a decrease in Nav1.8 channel levels [35]. However, chronic compression injury of dorsal root ganglion causes a shift in voltage dependence of activation of TTX-S channels in a hyperpolarizing direction a ...
Interneuron Diversity series: Circuit complexity and axon wiring
... Brains have evolutionary goals but implementation of brain structures has physical constraints [11,17]. Brain systems with ‘simple’ computational demands evolved only a few neuron types. The basal ganglia, thalamus and the cerebellum possess a low degree of variability in their neuron types. By cont ...
... Brains have evolutionary goals but implementation of brain structures has physical constraints [11,17]. Brain systems with ‘simple’ computational demands evolved only a few neuron types. The basal ganglia, thalamus and the cerebellum possess a low degree of variability in their neuron types. By cont ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.