Combinatorial Marking of Cells and Organelles with Split
... HSN fluorescence was weak and rarely seen when split GFP was generated from these promoters ...
... HSN fluorescence was weak and rarely seen when split GFP was generated from these promoters ...
Dopamine-Independent Locomotion Following Blockade of N
... motor stimulant response, including -opioid, neurotensin, Substance P, ionotropic glutamate (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate subtypes), and GABAA receptors (for review, see Kalivas, 1993). In all instances, the motor stimulant response has been shown to be blocked by dopamine receptor antagonists and/or as ...
... motor stimulant response, including -opioid, neurotensin, Substance P, ionotropic glutamate (NMDA, AMPA, and kainate subtypes), and GABAA receptors (for review, see Kalivas, 1993). In all instances, the motor stimulant response has been shown to be blocked by dopamine receptor antagonists and/or as ...
Membrane Properties Underlying the Firing of Neurons in the Avian
... the extraordinarily large synaptic potentials arrive in NM at a rapid rate: ifeach action potential is triggered by a single synaptic potential, the arrival rate is at least equal to the neuron’s discharge rate. Moreover, because an NM neuron is innervated by 2-3 VIIIth nerve afferents (Hackett et a ...
... the extraordinarily large synaptic potentials arrive in NM at a rapid rate: ifeach action potential is triggered by a single synaptic potential, the arrival rate is at least equal to the neuron’s discharge rate. Moreover, because an NM neuron is innervated by 2-3 VIIIth nerve afferents (Hackett et a ...
microcircuits in the striatum striatal cell types and their
... The dendrites branch moderately, yielding a total of 30-35 dendritic tips and form a roughly spherical arbor 200-300 µm in diameter (Tepper et al., 1998) unless distorted by the presence of a boundary between the striosome and matrix compartments which they do not cross (Wilson, 2004). Spiny project ...
... The dendrites branch moderately, yielding a total of 30-35 dendritic tips and form a roughly spherical arbor 200-300 µm in diameter (Tepper et al., 1998) unless distorted by the presence of a boundary between the striosome and matrix compartments which they do not cross (Wilson, 2004). Spiny project ...
Chapter 08: The Chemical Senses
... at papilla level is present but not absolute exclusiveness (at higher concentrations of taste stimuli) ...
... at papilla level is present but not absolute exclusiveness (at higher concentrations of taste stimuli) ...
EEG - Wayne State University
... b. Many pts die a few days later due to inflammation increased ICP herniation c. Ischemic stroke (infarct) i. Ischemia rapid onset of neurologic deficit 1. Focal deficits due to reduced flow in one vessel 2. Global deficits due to systemic failure (hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hypoTN) ii. Central in ...
... b. Many pts die a few days later due to inflammation increased ICP herniation c. Ischemic stroke (infarct) i. Ischemia rapid onset of neurologic deficit 1. Focal deficits due to reduced flow in one vessel 2. Global deficits due to systemic failure (hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hypoTN) ii. Central in ...
The nature of neuronal words and language
... period during which time the intracellular negative membrane K+/Na+ potential is restored using energy derived from intracellular stores of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via a plasma membrane surface enzyme, Na+/K+ ATPase, in order to transport these ions against their respective gradients [4]. In si ...
... period during which time the intracellular negative membrane K+/Na+ potential is restored using energy derived from intracellular stores of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via a plasma membrane surface enzyme, Na+/K+ ATPase, in order to transport these ions against their respective gradients [4]. In si ...
Hypothesized Deficiency of Guanine
... nucleotides appears to be critical in the brain. Guanine-based purines are involved in synaptic transmission; for example, the exchange of GDP and GTP and the hydrolysis of GTP while bound to heterotrimeric G proteins anchored to the membrane are critical steps in the regulation of the initiation an ...
... nucleotides appears to be critical in the brain. Guanine-based purines are involved in synaptic transmission; for example, the exchange of GDP and GTP and the hydrolysis of GTP while bound to heterotrimeric G proteins anchored to the membrane are critical steps in the regulation of the initiation an ...
Fatigue and Inhibition
... Mechanisms of Learning and Development In Chapter 2 we saw that learning takes a number of forms. Some learning seems simple and easily explained by direct S-R (stimulusresponse) connections, but other kinds are more puzzling. However, it turns out that even the simpler learned responses in mammals ...
... Mechanisms of Learning and Development In Chapter 2 we saw that learning takes a number of forms. Some learning seems simple and easily explained by direct S-R (stimulusresponse) connections, but other kinds are more puzzling. However, it turns out that even the simpler learned responses in mammals ...
Neuroscience of Addiction Review
... The neuronal interaction responsible for cocaine reinforcement and the motivation to seek the drug appears to reside within the nucleus accumbens (Chang et al., 1994; Carelli and Deadwyler, 1996; Peoples et al., 1997). Electrophysiological recordings in animals receiving intravenous cocaine by self- ...
... The neuronal interaction responsible for cocaine reinforcement and the motivation to seek the drug appears to reside within the nucleus accumbens (Chang et al., 1994; Carelli and Deadwyler, 1996; Peoples et al., 1997). Electrophysiological recordings in animals receiving intravenous cocaine by self- ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Abstract Mushroom bodies are central brain structures and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom bod ...
... Abstract Mushroom bodies are central brain structures and essentially involved in insect olfactory learning. Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom bod ...
UNRAVELING THE SENSE OF SMELL
... change in the structure of an odorant can change its perceived odor. For example, the close relative of a chemical that is perceived as pear can have the scent of an apple. In addition to odorants, the olfactory system detects pheromones, chemicals that are released from animals and act on members o ...
... change in the structure of an odorant can change its perceived odor. For example, the close relative of a chemical that is perceived as pear can have the scent of an apple. In addition to odorants, the olfactory system detects pheromones, chemicals that are released from animals and act on members o ...
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Potassium Currents in an
... neurons, so ion channels must continually be replaced. Control of this process requires that the number, open conductance, and distribution of ion channels be regulated by feedback mechanisms related to the firing properties of the neuron (LeMasson et al., 1993; Liu et al., 1998; Stemmler and Koch, ...
... neurons, so ion channels must continually be replaced. Control of this process requires that the number, open conductance, and distribution of ion channels be regulated by feedback mechanisms related to the firing properties of the neuron (LeMasson et al., 1993; Liu et al., 1998; Stemmler and Koch, ...
fulltext
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
... and control various aspects of neuronal activity to decipher their correlation to behavior. The Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2 (VGLUT2) packages glutamate into presynaptic vesicles for axonal terminal release. In this thesis, VGLUT2 was used to specifically target cell populations within the basa ...
Cuneiform Neurons Activated during
... data from AS-carbachol cats with those from animals in quiet wakef ulness. In the present report, we examined, as before, two control cats in which the same procedures were followed, except that 0.1 l of saline was injected instead of carbachol. Four additional control animals, which were awake, we ...
... data from AS-carbachol cats with those from animals in quiet wakef ulness. In the present report, we examined, as before, two control cats in which the same procedures were followed, except that 0.1 l of saline was injected instead of carbachol. Four additional control animals, which were awake, we ...
to a of the units.
... the cerebrum (top part of the brain) is divided in two hemispheres. The word ‘hemisphere’ means ‘half of a circle’ in Latin. There are many interesting things to learn about the cerebral hemispheres. The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left ...
... the cerebrum (top part of the brain) is divided in two hemispheres. The word ‘hemisphere’ means ‘half of a circle’ in Latin. There are many interesting things to learn about the cerebral hemispheres. The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left ...
Faithful Expression of Multiple Proteins via 2A
... Surprisingly, the potential of this system has not been exploited in cellular and systems neuroscience. It has not been addressed whether 2A peptide-mediated coexpression of heterologous proteins is quantitative in neurons and expression levels of fluorescent reporters would be high enough for in vi ...
... Surprisingly, the potential of this system has not been exploited in cellular and systems neuroscience. It has not been addressed whether 2A peptide-mediated coexpression of heterologous proteins is quantitative in neurons and expression levels of fluorescent reporters would be high enough for in vi ...
emboj2008265-sup
... inhibitors (not shown). (B) Complete western blot of Figure 5C showing cortactin levels after treatment with different doses of ALLM. While full length cortactin levels are significantly increased in a dose-response manner, the non-specific band (asterisk) is not affected and behaves as a loading co ...
... inhibitors (not shown). (B) Complete western blot of Figure 5C showing cortactin levels after treatment with different doses of ALLM. While full length cortactin levels are significantly increased in a dose-response manner, the non-specific band (asterisk) is not affected and behaves as a loading co ...
Discrimination of Perfumes Using an Electronic Nose System
... Fig.3 illustrates the major components of the senses of olfaction and taste in the human. The major olfactory components are the olfactory receptors (sensors), the olfactory bulb (signal preprocessing), and the olfactory cortex (odor identification). The VNO is the vomeronasal organ and is associate ...
... Fig.3 illustrates the major components of the senses of olfaction and taste in the human. The major olfactory components are the olfactory receptors (sensors), the olfactory bulb (signal preprocessing), and the olfactory cortex (odor identification). The VNO is the vomeronasal organ and is associate ...
Frequency decoding of periodically timed action potentials through
... distinct range of temporal delays, are required to cover a broader frequency range. Where might such structures exist in the brain? The inferior colliculus displays a tonotopic array of multiple frequency-band laminae, each of which analyzes about one-third of an octave [23,24]. Substantial signal p ...
... distinct range of temporal delays, are required to cover a broader frequency range. Where might such structures exist in the brain? The inferior colliculus displays a tonotopic array of multiple frequency-band laminae, each of which analyzes about one-third of an octave [23,24]. Substantial signal p ...
house symposium 2015 - Instituto do Cérebro
... Animals respond differently to stress. While some individuals are able to overcome the stressor (resilience), others may develop depression or post- traumatic stress disorder. Several lines of evidence suggest a link between behavioral phenotype and long-term plasticity in the classic brain reward c ...
... Animals respond differently to stress. While some individuals are able to overcome the stressor (resilience), others may develop depression or post- traumatic stress disorder. Several lines of evidence suggest a link between behavioral phenotype and long-term plasticity in the classic brain reward c ...
PDF
... postsynapses either by baseline oscillatory neuronal activities or by an external sensory (cue) stimulus (Figure 3). Let the set of all combinations (for the spatial summation of EPSPs) and permutations (for the temporal summation of EPSPs) of the neurons in neuronal order 7 whose activity through n ...
... postsynapses either by baseline oscillatory neuronal activities or by an external sensory (cue) stimulus (Figure 3). Let the set of all combinations (for the spatial summation of EPSPs) and permutations (for the temporal summation of EPSPs) of the neurons in neuronal order 7 whose activity through n ...
Memory formation: from network structure to neural dynamics
... structural changes, extensive modelling efforts must also be done, where one can directly observe how known structural changes induce differences in functional relationships between neurons. While the knowledge gained from this modelling does not give direct evidence linking the experimentally obser ...
... structural changes, extensive modelling efforts must also be done, where one can directly observe how known structural changes induce differences in functional relationships between neurons. While the knowledge gained from this modelling does not give direct evidence linking the experimentally obser ...
NIH Public Access
... 5-HT1A from raphe neurons leads to heterogeneous, region-specific effects on both basal 5HT levels, and fluoxetine-induced 5-HT release [20,21]. For example, whole life knock-out of the 5-HT1A autoreceptors increases basal 5-HT in the frontal cortex but not the ventral hippocampus [21]. More subtle ...
... 5-HT1A from raphe neurons leads to heterogeneous, region-specific effects on both basal 5HT levels, and fluoxetine-induced 5-HT release [20,21]. For example, whole life knock-out of the 5-HT1A autoreceptors increases basal 5-HT in the frontal cortex but not the ventral hippocampus [21]. More subtle ...
see p. D20 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... Myopathies (↓number of muscle fibers in individual motor units; number of motor units is normal): – myopathic potentials - ↓duration & amplitude (i.e. recruitment density is normal, but envelope amplitude is reduced); pathognomonic finding of myopathy: full recruitment in weak, wasted muscle. – ↑inc ...
... Myopathies (↓number of muscle fibers in individual motor units; number of motor units is normal): – myopathic potentials - ↓duration & amplitude (i.e. recruitment density is normal, but envelope amplitude is reduced); pathognomonic finding of myopathy: full recruitment in weak, wasted muscle. – ↑inc ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.