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Special Section: Synergistic Effects in Fragmented Landscapes
Special Section: Synergistic Effects in Fragmented Landscapes

... biodiversity. Not surprisingly, they are also among the most active fields of inquiry in conservation biology. Historically, studies of fragmented ecosystems have relied heavily upon the conceptual model of island biogeography theory (MacArthur & Wilson 1967), which emphasizes the effects of fragmen ...
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... human society in an entirely objective scientific manner. Encounters with non-industrial cultures led to the theories of Social Darwinism of Herbert Spencer and the more fruitful theories of cultural evolution of Lewis H. Morgan and Edward Burnett Tylor. Morgan’s work led him to generalize about wor ...
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... economics, politics, and urban development. Geography is a means to understand why certain areas are similar to and different from each other. Human geography in particular, helps us to focus on “how the world is and how it might be.” Geography is a means to understand why certain areas are similar ...
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Abel, Tom 1998. Complex adaptive systems, evolutionism, and

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Cultural ecology

Cultural ecology is the study of human adaptations to social and physical environments. Human adaptation refers to both biological and cultural processes that enable a population to survive and reproduce within a given or changing environment. This may be carried out diachronically (examining entities that existed in different epochs), or synchronically (examining a present system and its components). The central argument is that the natural environment, in small scale or subsistence societies dependent in part upon it, is a major contributor to social organization and other human institutions.In the academic realm, when combined with study of political economy, the study of economies as polities, it becomes political ecology, another academic subfield. It also helps interrogate historical events like the Easter Island Syndrome.
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