max weber and emile durkheim
... enough to show the cause on which it depends; we must also, at least in most cases, show its function in the establishment of order” (Durkheim, 1964: 97). Social order as such takes importance in Durkheimian sociology, and according to his sociological point of view, social order is evaluated as if ...
... enough to show the cause on which it depends; we must also, at least in most cases, show its function in the establishment of order” (Durkheim, 1964: 97). Social order as such takes importance in Durkheimian sociology, and according to his sociological point of view, social order is evaluated as if ...
Disasters can lift veils : five issues for sociological disaster studies
... human action. After all, if one defines disasters as events in which societies “incur physical damages and losses and/or disruption of their routine functioning” (Kreps 1989:32), then inherent to the definition is the breach of collective expectations in institutions and practices that make everyday ...
... human action. After all, if one defines disasters as events in which societies “incur physical damages and losses and/or disruption of their routine functioning” (Kreps 1989:32), then inherent to the definition is the breach of collective expectations in institutions and practices that make everyday ...
Behavioral Effects in Individual Decisions of Network Formation
... In order to test our hypotheses, we confront participants in the lab with multiple static, noninteractive network situations in which they can choose to create or delete one link or to do nothing. Such a network situation constitutes the simplest network linking decision context, which allows us to ...
... In order to test our hypotheses, we confront participants in the lab with multiple static, noninteractive network situations in which they can choose to create or delete one link or to do nothing. Such a network situation constitutes the simplest network linking decision context, which allows us to ...
Copyright notice: this is a non-finalised version of a chapter
... Introduction: What is ontology and why does it matter for organisation studies? The word ‘ontology’ refers to the study of being. It is derived from the Greek words ‘onto’ (being) and ’logos’ (science, discourse). This literal definition is, however, too wide to be of use to substantive enquiries. I ...
... Introduction: What is ontology and why does it matter for organisation studies? The word ‘ontology’ refers to the study of being. It is derived from the Greek words ‘onto’ (being) and ’logos’ (science, discourse). This literal definition is, however, too wide to be of use to substantive enquiries. I ...
chapter 11 operant conditioning operant conditioning: cats, mice, and
... very limited fashion and in combination with reinforcement that both teaches and rewards positive behaviors. Also, when dealing with mice and humans, the antecedent should always be considered as well. That is, what are the conditions that foster negative behavior? What can be done to mitigate these ...
... very limited fashion and in combination with reinforcement that both teaches and rewards positive behaviors. Also, when dealing with mice and humans, the antecedent should always be considered as well. That is, what are the conditions that foster negative behavior? What can be done to mitigate these ...
The psychology of B. F. Skinner by William O`Donohue
... his methodological behaviorism and the ways in which it differs from Skinner’s radical behaviorism. This section alone is a valuable contribution to the field. The authors provide a 16-point overview of Skinner’s philosophical system (radical behaviorism) that covers the goals (prediction and contro ...
... his methodological behaviorism and the ways in which it differs from Skinner’s radical behaviorism. This section alone is a valuable contribution to the field. The authors provide a 16-point overview of Skinner’s philosophical system (radical behaviorism) that covers the goals (prediction and contro ...
1 Structuration Theory and Self-Organization Christian Fuchs1
... the social object. One of my principal ambitions in the formulation of structuration theory is to put an end to each of these empire-building endeavours” (Giddens 1984 , p. 2). For Giddens, both approaches are illegitimate forms of reduction (Giddens 1984, p. 26). He considers the human being neithe ...
... the social object. One of my principal ambitions in the formulation of structuration theory is to put an end to each of these empire-building endeavours” (Giddens 1984 , p. 2). For Giddens, both approaches are illegitimate forms of reduction (Giddens 1984, p. 26). He considers the human being neithe ...
Course Descriptions – Psychology General PSY 1000 General
... Students will carry out research studies, analyze their data via computer, and interpret their results. Analyses will include factorial ANOVA, correlation and regression. Prerequisite: PSY 1000, PSY 3200. PSY 4200 Psychological Tests and Measurements (3) An introduction to psychological tests and pr ...
... Students will carry out research studies, analyze their data via computer, and interpret their results. Analyses will include factorial ANOVA, correlation and regression. Prerequisite: PSY 1000, PSY 3200. PSY 4200 Psychological Tests and Measurements (3) An introduction to psychological tests and pr ...
Discussion Paper - Economics E
... paper, we adopt an ex post approach that makes it possible for the concavity of the utility function to depend on equity considerations (Fleurbaey, 2010; Grant, Kajii, Polak and Safra, 2012), while remaining in the realm of the expected utility paradigm to ensure social rationality, e.g., statewise ...
... paper, we adopt an ex post approach that makes it possible for the concavity of the utility function to depend on equity considerations (Fleurbaey, 2010; Grant, Kajii, Polak and Safra, 2012), while remaining in the realm of the expected utility paradigm to ensure social rationality, e.g., statewise ...
CHAPTER 6: LEARNING
... are extinguished. (effective – but unpleasant) Systematic desensitization—people are taught relaxation techniques. ...
... are extinguished. (effective – but unpleasant) Systematic desensitization—people are taught relaxation techniques. ...
9 Groups, norms, and conformity What`s it about?
... compelling because people tend to pay particular attention when different people come to the same conclusion (repetition). Information raised by a group member becomes confirmed, so has been socially validated. Unshared information is called into question because it is not verified by others. Majo ...
... compelling because people tend to pay particular attention when different people come to the same conclusion (repetition). Information raised by a group member becomes confirmed, so has been socially validated. Unshared information is called into question because it is not verified by others. Majo ...
Randomness increases self-reported anxiety and
... randomness (n ¼ 125). The randomness article was intended to convey the idea that the world is ‘neither’ orderly nor comprehensible. The incomprehensible order article differed in that it suggested that the world is orderly, but beyond comprehension. Finally, the comprehensible order article was int ...
... randomness (n ¼ 125). The randomness article was intended to convey the idea that the world is ‘neither’ orderly nor comprehensible. The incomprehensible order article differed in that it suggested that the world is orderly, but beyond comprehension. Finally, the comprehensible order article was int ...
Behavior Modification: Introduction and Implications
... of rabbits was overcome by systematically bringing a rabbit closer to him while he was eating food that he liked. The counterconditioning of this specific fear also generalized to other previously feared objects. Behavior modification's birth has been traced by many psychological historians to these ...
... of rabbits was overcome by systematically bringing a rabbit closer to him while he was eating food that he liked. The counterconditioning of this specific fear also generalized to other previously feared objects. Behavior modification's birth has been traced by many psychological historians to these ...
Student-Driven Test Questions Master List
... 14. What is culture and what are some of its characteristics? –Allen N. 15. Durkheim stated that there are two (2) types of societies. Name them and describe what they are. –J. Maddock 16. What did Georg Simmel have to say about the dyad and the triad? -Nicole J. 17. What makes the suicide rate high ...
... 14. What is culture and what are some of its characteristics? –Allen N. 15. Durkheim stated that there are two (2) types of societies. Name them and describe what they are. –J. Maddock 16. What did Georg Simmel have to say about the dyad and the triad? -Nicole J. 17. What makes the suicide rate high ...
GUIDE10
... responses to reinforcers depending on their personalities. C. Reinforcement and the Brain Recent advances in imaging have allowed researchers to analyze individual differences in brain activation as responses to stimuli such as food (Beaver et al, 2006). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, ...
... responses to reinforcers depending on their personalities. C. Reinforcement and the Brain Recent advances in imaging have allowed researchers to analyze individual differences in brain activation as responses to stimuli such as food (Beaver et al, 2006). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, ...
PDF File - Macmillan Learning
... for the summit, or to retreat from the mountain. The team leader initially decides that the group must turn back. However, four of the members are unhappy with this decision and are able to convince him to allow them to continue as a sub-group while the other climbers turn back. The members’ ability ...
... for the summit, or to retreat from the mountain. The team leader initially decides that the group must turn back. However, four of the members are unhappy with this decision and are able to convince him to allow them to continue as a sub-group while the other climbers turn back. The members’ ability ...
Rational Choice, Social Identity, and Beliefs about Oneself - E
... as “(a) a social category, defined by membership rules and allegedly characteristic attributes or expected behaviors or (b) a socially distinguishing feature that a person takes special pride in or views as unchangeable but socially consequential” or both things at the same time (Fearon 1999, 36).2 ...
... as “(a) a social category, defined by membership rules and allegedly characteristic attributes or expected behaviors or (b) a socially distinguishing feature that a person takes special pride in or views as unchangeable but socially consequential” or both things at the same time (Fearon 1999, 36).2 ...
Transatlantic issues in social pedagogy: What the United
... of the 18th and 19th centuries. Under the title ‘The rest of Europe values pedagogy,’ Boddy & Statham (2010) referred to their recent Nuffield briefing paper, drawing on two cross-European studies, and remarked that they had found practice teams, elsewhere in Europe, to be multi-professional: Social ...
... of the 18th and 19th centuries. Under the title ‘The rest of Europe values pedagogy,’ Boddy & Statham (2010) referred to their recent Nuffield briefing paper, drawing on two cross-European studies, and remarked that they had found practice teams, elsewhere in Europe, to be multi-professional: Social ...
Theoretical psychology
... itself, however, was only interested in one of these aspects at a time. At first it was the object: how we sense it, how our memory imprints and retains it, etc. Then came new times, and behaviorism, with its exclusive interest in activity, became the mainstream of psychology. Behavior, after all, i ...
... itself, however, was only interested in one of these aspects at a time. At first it was the object: how we sense it, how our memory imprints and retains it, etc. Then came new times, and behaviorism, with its exclusive interest in activity, became the mainstream of psychology. Behavior, after all, i ...
Burrhus Frederic Skinner - Back
... stimuli, not physiology. 3. Functional analysis of stimuli and behaviors should be the goal of psychology not the “why of behaviors”. 4. We need behavior technology to resolve human problems. But our culture, government and religion erodes reinforcements to problem-free ...
... stimuli, not physiology. 3. Functional analysis of stimuli and behaviors should be the goal of psychology not the “why of behaviors”. 4. We need behavior technology to resolve human problems. But our culture, government and religion erodes reinforcements to problem-free ...
MIRIPS Project Description - Victoria University of Wellington
... names, depending on which groups (the dominant or nondominant) are being considered. From the point of view of non-dominant ethnocultural groups (on the left of Figure 1), when individuals do not wish to maintain their cultural identity and seek daily interaction with other cultures, the Assimilati ...
... names, depending on which groups (the dominant or nondominant) are being considered. From the point of view of non-dominant ethnocultural groups (on the left of Figure 1), when individuals do not wish to maintain their cultural identity and seek daily interaction with other cultures, the Assimilati ...
Models in Psychopathology
... Positive reinforcement- increasing a behavior by providing a positive reinforcer when the behavior occurs Negative reinforcement- increasing a behavior by removing a negative reinforcer when the behavior occurs Punishment- decreasing a behavior by providing a negative reinforcer when the behavior oc ...
... Positive reinforcement- increasing a behavior by providing a positive reinforcer when the behavior occurs Negative reinforcement- increasing a behavior by removing a negative reinforcer when the behavior occurs Punishment- decreasing a behavior by providing a negative reinforcer when the behavior oc ...
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PRACTICE
... between ‘facts’ and ‘values’. In one model, the phenomena being researched are seen as independent of and unaffected by the behaviour of the researcher. Consequently the researcher can be objective in their approach and the investigation can be viewed as value free. While some researchers subscribe ...
... between ‘facts’ and ‘values’. In one model, the phenomena being researched are seen as independent of and unaffected by the behaviour of the researcher. Consequently the researcher can be objective in their approach and the investigation can be viewed as value free. While some researchers subscribe ...
PDF
... time, technological innovation is increasingly met by scepticism and concern about for instance their potential risks for human safety and the environment. The on-going controversy around genetic modification may serve as an example here (Carolan, 2008). There is also a growing call for a different ...
... time, technological innovation is increasingly met by scepticism and concern about for instance their potential risks for human safety and the environment. The on-going controversy around genetic modification may serve as an example here (Carolan, 2008). There is also a growing call for a different ...