Bayesian Computation in Recurrent Neural Circuits
... suggesting that these neurons are involved in accumulating evidence (interpreted as log likelihoods) over time. Similar activity has also been reported in the primate area LIP (Shadlen & Newsome, 2001). A mathematical model based on log-likelihood ratios was found to be consistent with the observed ...
... suggesting that these neurons are involved in accumulating evidence (interpreted as log likelihoods) over time. Similar activity has also been reported in the primate area LIP (Shadlen & Newsome, 2001). A mathematical model based on log-likelihood ratios was found to be consistent with the observed ...
Induced pluripotent stem cells in Parkinson`s disease
... individual, it is time-consuming and may not be affordable in the near future. The other way is to test the drugs in iPSC-derived neurons with different PD genotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a number of gene variants that modulate the risk of PD. For instance, a recent m ...
... individual, it is time-consuming and may not be affordable in the near future. The other way is to test the drugs in iPSC-derived neurons with different PD genotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a number of gene variants that modulate the risk of PD. For instance, a recent m ...
Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Action Processing
... a) Influence of the observed action location relative to the observer Early studies of mirror neurons were focused on demonstrating congruence between motor and visual responses of the recorded neurons (Gallese et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996). Already in those studies it was reported, however ...
... a) Influence of the observed action location relative to the observer Early studies of mirror neurons were focused on demonstrating congruence between motor and visual responses of the recorded neurons (Gallese et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996). Already in those studies it was reported, however ...
Nonmonotonic inferences in neural networks
... called the amplification function and bi the self-signal function. The function di which is assumed to be positive and increasing is called the other-signal function and describes how the output from a neuron depends on its activity. It may seem that equation (1) only describes systems where the neu ...
... called the amplification function and bi the self-signal function. The function di which is assumed to be positive and increasing is called the other-signal function and describes how the output from a neuron depends on its activity. It may seem that equation (1) only describes systems where the neu ...
PDF
... mechanism is expected to require non-linear methods that function beyond the distribution limits (Achler and Amir, 1999). To make further progress in understanding memory, two major issues need attention. (a) Biological experiments are limited by the lack of tools that can resolve electro-physiologi ...
... mechanism is expected to require non-linear methods that function beyond the distribution limits (Achler and Amir, 1999). To make further progress in understanding memory, two major issues need attention. (a) Biological experiments are limited by the lack of tools that can resolve electro-physiologi ...
Neural Networks
... In most cases the binary input data can be modified to bipolar data. However the form of the data can change the problem from one that is solvable to a problem that cannot be solved. Binary representation is also not as good as the bipolar if we want the net to generalize. i.e. to respond to input d ...
... In most cases the binary input data can be modified to bipolar data. However the form of the data can change the problem from one that is solvable to a problem that cannot be solved. Binary representation is also not as good as the bipolar if we want the net to generalize. i.e. to respond to input d ...
Artificial Neural Networks-A Study
... neural network, working of neural networks, characteristics of ANN, its advantages, limitations and applications of ANN. There are various advantages of ANN over conventional approaches. Depending on the nature of the application and strength of the internal data patterns you can generally expect a ...
... neural network, working of neural networks, characteristics of ANN, its advantages, limitations and applications of ANN. There are various advantages of ANN over conventional approaches. Depending on the nature of the application and strength of the internal data patterns you can generally expect a ...
Folie 1 - uni-tuebingen.de
... LC, SNpc/VTA, Raphe N., whole arousal system widely into the brain stem ...
... LC, SNpc/VTA, Raphe N., whole arousal system widely into the brain stem ...
Neural Coding: Higher Order Temporal Patterns in the
... neurons under those conditions. Application of these measures has revealed interesting instances of time- and context-dependent synchronization dynamics in different cortical areas. For interactions among more than two neurons, Gerstein, Perkel and Dayhoff (1985) devised the so called gravity method ...
... neurons under those conditions. Application of these measures has revealed interesting instances of time- and context-dependent synchronization dynamics in different cortical areas. For interactions among more than two neurons, Gerstein, Perkel and Dayhoff (1985) devised the so called gravity method ...
Supplemental Text Box 1 The Neurobiology of Arousal The defense
... The defense cascade starts with an increase in the level of arousal, when the danger or potential danger is first identified. Arousal is not just an increase in alertness. It includes bodily changes and a move away from homeostasis. The most important changes are autonomic and are mediated by an inc ...
... The defense cascade starts with an increase in the level of arousal, when the danger or potential danger is first identified. Arousal is not just an increase in alertness. It includes bodily changes and a move away from homeostasis. The most important changes are autonomic and are mediated by an inc ...
High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences
... common variety of category-specific agnosia. Neurons in the Inferior Temporal Cortex Are Functionally Organized in Columns Early relays in the cortical visual system are organized in columns of neurons that represent the same stimulus features, such as orientation or direction of motion, in differen ...
... common variety of category-specific agnosia. Neurons in the Inferior Temporal Cortex Are Functionally Organized in Columns Early relays in the cortical visual system are organized in columns of neurons that represent the same stimulus features, such as orientation or direction of motion, in differen ...
Signal Propagation and Logic Gating in Networks of Integrate
... rather than reporting the values of ⌬gex and ⌬ginh, which are the synaptic strengths, we report the resulting EPSP and IPSP sizes. These are obtained within the active network from spike-triggered average membrane potentials of postsynaptic neurons after spikes evoked within individual network neuro ...
... rather than reporting the values of ⌬gex and ⌬ginh, which are the synaptic strengths, we report the resulting EPSP and IPSP sizes. These are obtained within the active network from spike-triggered average membrane potentials of postsynaptic neurons after spikes evoked within individual network neuro ...
Full-Text PDF
... Exploiting the probabilistic nature of neuronal activation in response to extracellular electrical stimulation can offer access to selectivity that is otherwise unobtainable with classic methods. There is a well-defined strength–duration (SD) stimulus space that describes the changing probability of ...
... Exploiting the probabilistic nature of neuronal activation in response to extracellular electrical stimulation can offer access to selectivity that is otherwise unobtainable with classic methods. There is a well-defined strength–duration (SD) stimulus space that describes the changing probability of ...
relation between cell size and response characteristics of
... the cell body and the axonal diameter of LVN neurons (Deiters, 1865) and physiologic measurements of axonal conduction velocity of LVN neurons activated antidromically from the lumbar cord (Ito et al., 1964; Wilson et al., 1967; Akaike et al., 1973) have confirmed this finding. Finally, these two ne ...
... the cell body and the axonal diameter of LVN neurons (Deiters, 1865) and physiologic measurements of axonal conduction velocity of LVN neurons activated antidromically from the lumbar cord (Ito et al., 1964; Wilson et al., 1967; Akaike et al., 1973) have confirmed this finding. Finally, these two ne ...
nerve impulse patterns and reflex control in the motor system
... wire leads. Unlike the larger excitatory potentials these may be of either polarity and when they occur in a train superimposed on a shifting baseline, their amplitude and polarity vary with baseline shifts. Although extracellular a.c. (but long time-constant) recording was used these potentials see ...
... wire leads. Unlike the larger excitatory potentials these may be of either polarity and when they occur in a train superimposed on a shifting baseline, their amplitude and polarity vary with baseline shifts. Although extracellular a.c. (but long time-constant) recording was used these potentials see ...
(Full text - MSWord file 171K)
... 2.1 Houk, Adams and Barto (1995) One of the first actor-critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise of ...
... 2.1 Houk, Adams and Barto (1995) One of the first actor-critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise of ...
Full text
... under study were considered, as described previously in the rat [34]). The distribution pattern of retrogradely labeled MLD motoneurons in the pig is in line with those described for perikarya innervating the lateral longissimus and quadratus lumborum muscle in hamster [17] and the extensors of the ...
... under study were considered, as described previously in the rat [34]). The distribution pattern of retrogradely labeled MLD motoneurons in the pig is in line with those described for perikarya innervating the lateral longissimus and quadratus lumborum muscle in hamster [17] and the extensors of the ...
Perception of Motion, Depth, and Form
... them with eve movements; the image remains stationary on the retina but we perceive movement because our eyes move (Figure 28-3). Motion in the visual field is detected by comparing the position of images recorded at different times. Since most cells in the visuai svstem are exquisitely sensitive to ...
... them with eve movements; the image remains stationary on the retina but we perceive movement because our eyes move (Figure 28-3). Motion in the visual field is detected by comparing the position of images recorded at different times. Since most cells in the visuai svstem are exquisitely sensitive to ...
- Hayden Lab
... reward size; these signals were positively correlated. This suggests that vmPFC neurons carry integrated value representations. (2) After presentation of the second offer, but before choice, neural responses were correlated with values of both options, but with anti-correlated tuning for the two opt ...
... reward size; these signals were positively correlated. This suggests that vmPFC neurons carry integrated value representations. (2) After presentation of the second offer, but before choice, neural responses were correlated with values of both options, but with anti-correlated tuning for the two opt ...
doc Practice midterm
... b. Both receive connections from the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) c. Both establish reflex connections with some component of the trigeminal sensory complex d. Neither innervate branchiomeric muscles 13. Which of the following structures reveive direct synaptic connections from first order s ...
... b. Both receive connections from the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) c. Both establish reflex connections with some component of the trigeminal sensory complex d. Neither innervate branchiomeric muscles 13. Which of the following structures reveive direct synaptic connections from first order s ...
Neural communication systems
... The analysis and interpretation framework of abstract communication systems offers a new look on how biological neural systems work. It emphasizes the role of inner processes of such systems in accordance with pattern language descriptions [2], and provides a relatively easy way to understand and an ...
... The analysis and interpretation framework of abstract communication systems offers a new look on how biological neural systems work. It emphasizes the role of inner processes of such systems in accordance with pattern language descriptions [2], and provides a relatively easy way to understand and an ...
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System
... follow the introduction to neurophysiology; this was done to build student motivation before tackling sensation and perception. Perhaps more significantly, some topics have been moved around among chapters so they can be developed in a more behaviorally meaningful context. So language is discussed a ...
... follow the introduction to neurophysiology; this was done to build student motivation before tackling sensation and perception. Perhaps more significantly, some topics have been moved around among chapters so they can be developed in a more behaviorally meaningful context. So language is discussed a ...