Effects of surface current–wind interaction in an
... yield significant wind stress curls and an associated vertical Ekman pumping of the order of ≈ 0.5 m d−1 in typical open-ocean conditions. Direct observations of this so-dubbed eddy–wind effect in a North Atlantic eddy by McGillicuddy et al. (2007) and Ledwell et al. (2008) confirmed both the existe ...
... yield significant wind stress curls and an associated vertical Ekman pumping of the order of ≈ 0.5 m d−1 in typical open-ocean conditions. Direct observations of this so-dubbed eddy–wind effect in a North Atlantic eddy by McGillicuddy et al. (2007) and Ledwell et al. (2008) confirmed both the existe ...
A. Identifying Tectonic Plate Boundaries B. Tectonic Plate Movement
... 3. Trace the San Andreas fault in GREEN (or another color) pen or marker and add small GREEN ARROWS to show how the plates are sliding past one another. ...
... 3. Trace the San Andreas fault in GREEN (or another color) pen or marker and add small GREEN ARROWS to show how the plates are sliding past one another. ...
10.1016/j.apgeog.2014.11.027
... State and federal agencies are working to implement ecosystem-based management (EBM), especially following direction from the recently adopted U.S. National Ocean Policy. EBM for the oceans is a framework for management that benefits from the use of MSP. It requires analysis of connections among comp ...
... State and federal agencies are working to implement ecosystem-based management (EBM), especially following direction from the recently adopted U.S. National Ocean Policy. EBM for the oceans is a framework for management that benefits from the use of MSP. It requires analysis of connections among comp ...
by William J. Crornie Rapidly developing technologies are
... surface; now new techniques are opening windows that let them see all the way to the planet's center. The new views are startling, if somewhat blurry. They show internal details that are reflected in the formation and drifting of continents, in the making of mountains and islands, and in volcanism a ...
... surface; now new techniques are opening windows that let them see all the way to the planet's center. The new views are startling, if somewhat blurry. They show internal details that are reflected in the formation and drifting of continents, in the making of mountains and islands, and in volcanism a ...
Gravity and the Hypothesis of Convection
... The occurrence of these fields of positive anomalies is difficult to explain. There can be no question of an effect of the system of isostatic reduction that has been applied to the gravity results, because we can easily prove th at these reductions don't appreciably change the mean anomaly over ext ...
... The occurrence of these fields of positive anomalies is difficult to explain. There can be no question of an effect of the system of isostatic reduction that has been applied to the gravity results, because we can easily prove th at these reductions don't appreciably change the mean anomaly over ext ...
Document
... ~100-150 km thick on average Rigid, solid, hard…. Composes the tectonic plates Lithosphere “floats” on the semi-solid, gooey asthenosphere (the asthenosphere is the hot upper mantle) ...
... ~100-150 km thick on average Rigid, solid, hard…. Composes the tectonic plates Lithosphere “floats” on the semi-solid, gooey asthenosphere (the asthenosphere is the hot upper mantle) ...
Nance Chapter 02 Lecture PPT
... • Earth’s surface is broken into plates that move slowly relative to each other. • Divergence of plates at ocean spreading centers and continental rifts • Convergence of plates at subduction zones and continental collision zones • Plates sliding past each other at transform boundaries • Explains pat ...
... • Earth’s surface is broken into plates that move slowly relative to each other. • Divergence of plates at ocean spreading centers and continental rifts • Convergence of plates at subduction zones and continental collision zones • Plates sliding past each other at transform boundaries • Explains pat ...
Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift
... 1. Driving mechanisms proposed by Wegner was a combination of centrifugal force from Earth’s rotation and gravitation forces that cause tides. 2. The forces cited were actually much too small to cause continental movement. ...
... 1. Driving mechanisms proposed by Wegner was a combination of centrifugal force from Earth’s rotation and gravitation forces that cause tides. 2. The forces cited were actually much too small to cause continental movement. ...
File
... Plate-boundary zones Not all plate boundaries are as simple as the main types discussed above. In some regions, the boundaries are not well defined because the plate-movement deformation occurring there extends over a broad belt (called a plate-boundary zone). One of these zones marks the Mediterra ...
... Plate-boundary zones Not all plate boundaries are as simple as the main types discussed above. In some regions, the boundaries are not well defined because the plate-movement deformation occurring there extends over a broad belt (called a plate-boundary zone). One of these zones marks the Mediterra ...
Plate Movement - A2PlateTectonics
... Plate-boundary zones Not all plate boundaries are as simple as the main types discussed above. In some regions, the boundaries are not well defined because the plate-movement deformation occurring there extends over a broad belt (called a plate-boundary zone). One of these zones marks the Mediterra ...
... Plate-boundary zones Not all plate boundaries are as simple as the main types discussed above. In some regions, the boundaries are not well defined because the plate-movement deformation occurring there extends over a broad belt (called a plate-boundary zone). One of these zones marks the Mediterra ...
PlateMovement 1.76MB 2017-03
... Plate-boundary zones Not all plate boundaries are as simple as the main types discussed above. In some regions, the boundaries are not well defined because the plate-movement deformation occurring there extends over a broad belt (called a plate-boundary zone). One of these zones marks the Mediterra ...
... Plate-boundary zones Not all plate boundaries are as simple as the main types discussed above. In some regions, the boundaries are not well defined because the plate-movement deformation occurring there extends over a broad belt (called a plate-boundary zone). One of these zones marks the Mediterra ...
Volcanoes and Earthquakes
... floor is covered with heavy sediment. As sinking occurs it is squeezed into sedimentary and metamorphic rock that is buckled to form fold ...
... floor is covered with heavy sediment. As sinking occurs it is squeezed into sedimentary and metamorphic rock that is buckled to form fold ...
One Hundred Sixth Congress Of the United States of America
... a description of each program, the current funding for the program, linkages to other Federal programs, and a projection of the funding level for the program for each of the next 5 fiscal years beginning after the report is submitted. ...
... a description of each program, the current funding for the program, linkages to other Federal programs, and a projection of the funding level for the program for each of the next 5 fiscal years beginning after the report is submitted. ...
some observations of short-term heat transfer through the surface
... net rise in the mean axis of the diurnal fluctuations for the 7 days of about 1C. It has been suggested by E. B. Kraus (personal communication) that these air temperature ranges may be biased toward high values, that is, shipboard measurements may give higher air temperatures than occur in the undis ...
... net rise in the mean axis of the diurnal fluctuations for the 7 days of about 1C. It has been suggested by E. B. Kraus (personal communication) that these air temperature ranges may be biased toward high values, that is, shipboard measurements may give higher air temperatures than occur in the undis ...
Earth Geodynamic Hypotheses Updated
... affects the rate of rotation. Chandler wobble “resides in the natural resonances in the body of the spinning earth due to detailed distribution of mass in its surface, interior, oceans, and atmosphere. The entire system is teleconnected.” Primarily, though, Earth expansion is a discussion of philoso ...
... affects the rate of rotation. Chandler wobble “resides in the natural resonances in the body of the spinning earth due to detailed distribution of mass in its surface, interior, oceans, and atmosphere. The entire system is teleconnected.” Primarily, though, Earth expansion is a discussion of philoso ...
Lab/Fieldwork Activity Example
... or carnivorous animals that feed on phytoplankton or on other zooplankton. Phytoplankton live near the surface in the photic zone where there is enough light for photosynthesis (<100 m approx.), while zooplankton are present in the photic zone as well as in much greater depths. One simple way in whi ...
... or carnivorous animals that feed on phytoplankton or on other zooplankton. Phytoplankton live near the surface in the photic zone where there is enough light for photosynthesis (<100 m approx.), while zooplankton are present in the photic zone as well as in much greater depths. One simple way in whi ...
How and Where Volcanoes Form
... • A. Volcano: Both an opening in Earth’s crust through which molten rock, gases and ash erupt and the landform that develops around this opening ...
... • A. Volcano: Both an opening in Earth’s crust through which molten rock, gases and ash erupt and the landform that develops around this opening ...
Oceanography - Flushing Community Schools
... Continental Shelf Deposits A high amount of organic activity occurs in the waters above the continental shelf, and sediment accumulates to great thickness on the ocean floor. This is why many different kinds of resources can be found there, such as petroleum and natural gas deposits. Approximately 2 ...
... Continental Shelf Deposits A high amount of organic activity occurs in the waters above the continental shelf, and sediment accumulates to great thickness on the ocean floor. This is why many different kinds of resources can be found there, such as petroleum and natural gas deposits. Approximately 2 ...
Workshop Report
... o current nearshore monitoring is inadequate to understand problem Biological assessment is key – what species should we monitor? Are pteropods enough? Need to fill knowledge gaps on current biological and chemical conditions in AK waters Unclear how Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is affecting/ma ...
... o current nearshore monitoring is inadequate to understand problem Biological assessment is key – what species should we monitor? Are pteropods enough? Need to fill knowledge gaps on current biological and chemical conditions in AK waters Unclear how Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is affecting/ma ...
Powerpoint
... open and later becomes filled with sediments- aulacogen. When rifting stops- the rift edge becomes inactive tectonically and therefore have passive continental margin Divergent Plate Boundaries as divergence continues, full seaway forms and new oceanic lithosphere forms at the mid-oceanic ridge as ...
... open and later becomes filled with sediments- aulacogen. When rifting stops- the rift edge becomes inactive tectonically and therefore have passive continental margin Divergent Plate Boundaries as divergence continues, full seaway forms and new oceanic lithosphere forms at the mid-oceanic ridge as ...
Activity - American Meteorological Society
... [(lower)(higher)] than in the eastern Pacific. Transport of surface waters to the west also causes the thermocline (the transition zone between warm surface water and cold deep water) to be [(deeper)(shallower)] in the eastern Pacific than in the western Pacific. 7. Warm surface water transported by ...
... [(lower)(higher)] than in the eastern Pacific. Transport of surface waters to the west also causes the thermocline (the transition zone between warm surface water and cold deep water) to be [(deeper)(shallower)] in the eastern Pacific than in the western Pacific. 7. Warm surface water transported by ...
Fig. 15-26, p.370
... § A passive continental margin consists of a broad continental shelf, slope and rise formed by the accumulation of sediment eroded from the continent. § Submarine canyons are deep valleys from the edge of a continent to the rise (where abyssal fans may form) and occur where large rivers enter the s ...
... § A passive continental margin consists of a broad continental shelf, slope and rise formed by the accumulation of sediment eroded from the continent. § Submarine canyons are deep valleys from the edge of a continent to the rise (where abyssal fans may form) and occur where large rivers enter the s ...
first exam example
... B) the position of the poles migrates with the continents C) near the equator D) near the north and south rotational poles E) their positions vary with sunspot activity ...
... B) the position of the poles migrates with the continents C) near the equator D) near the north and south rotational poles E) their positions vary with sunspot activity ...
Plate Tectonics II - Clark Science Center
... spreading ridge like Iceland linear chains of islands, seamounts, or ridges form due to plate moving over stationary hot spot hot spots are surface expressions of magma plumes rooted deep in the mantle over time, plate continues to move over hot spot, resulting in linear chain of volcanoes as pl ...
... spreading ridge like Iceland linear chains of islands, seamounts, or ridges form due to plate moving over stationary hot spot hot spots are surface expressions of magma plumes rooted deep in the mantle over time, plate continues to move over hot spot, resulting in linear chain of volcanoes as pl ...
Heat Flow in the Arctic - AINA Publications Server
... heat flowing to the surface at the Resolute borehole entered the earth beneath the adjacent bodies of water. The heat flow there, which was originally interpreted as being almost twicethe world average, is evidently somewhat lower than the world average. Although thermal effects of water bodies can ...
... heat flowing to the surface at the Resolute borehole entered the earth beneath the adjacent bodies of water. The heat flow there, which was originally interpreted as being almost twicethe world average, is evidently somewhat lower than the world average. Although thermal effects of water bodies can ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.