The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System:
... GCOOS also supports a coastal monitoring subsystem, Central Gulf Observing System (CenGOOS), operated by the University of Southern Mississippi. This system is critical to monitoring the hypoxic, or low oxygen, zone caused annually at the mouth of the Mississippi River by excess nutrient runoff from ...
... GCOOS also supports a coastal monitoring subsystem, Central Gulf Observing System (CenGOOS), operated by the University of Southern Mississippi. This system is critical to monitoring the hypoxic, or low oxygen, zone caused annually at the mouth of the Mississippi River by excess nutrient runoff from ...
Chapter 36E. Indian Ocean
... The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. ...
... The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. ...
CHAPTER 19 - PLATE TECTONICS
... 5. The idea that the sea floor spread away from mid-oceanic ridges and was subducted beneath a continent or island arc as a result of mantle convection was proposed by Harry Hess in the early 1960s. 6. Sea-floor spreading explains processes at the mid-oceanic ridges as the result of rising mantle: ...
... 5. The idea that the sea floor spread away from mid-oceanic ridges and was subducted beneath a continent or island arc as a result of mantle convection was proposed by Harry Hess in the early 1960s. 6. Sea-floor spreading explains processes at the mid-oceanic ridges as the result of rising mantle: ...
Features of Earthquakes (45)
... which travel slower, arrive second. Surface waves arrive last. • If seismic waves reach three or more seismograph stations, the location of the epicenter can be determined ...
... which travel slower, arrive second. Surface waves arrive last. • If seismic waves reach three or more seismograph stations, the location of the epicenter can be determined ...
Potential and Recent Problems of the Possible Polymetallic Sources
... Polymetallic deposits of the oceans Crude oil and natural gas, heavy minerals and gemstones, construction materials, chemicals, phosphates and other resources, according to the UNCLOS Convention, are located within the «Exclusive Economic Zones» (EEZ) and «Continental Shelf» — areas under the jurisd ...
... Polymetallic deposits of the oceans Crude oil and natural gas, heavy minerals and gemstones, construction materials, chemicals, phosphates and other resources, according to the UNCLOS Convention, are located within the «Exclusive Economic Zones» (EEZ) and «Continental Shelf» — areas under the jurisd ...
Judgement Statement
... S waves are the secondary waves and travel at 4 m s–1. Because the waves travel at different speeds, they will arrive at the seismograph at different times. It is this difference in arrival time that is used to work out how far away the epicentre was (using formula (v = d / t). This distance does no ...
... S waves are the secondary waves and travel at 4 m s–1. Because the waves travel at different speeds, they will arrive at the seismograph at different times. It is this difference in arrival time that is used to work out how far away the epicentre was (using formula (v = d / t). This distance does no ...
Schedule
... S waves are the secondary waves and travel at 4 m s–1. Because the waves travel at different speeds, they will arrive at the seismograph at different times. It is this difference in arrival time that is used to work out how far away the epicentre was (using formula (v = d / t). This distance does no ...
... S waves are the secondary waves and travel at 4 m s–1. Because the waves travel at different speeds, they will arrive at the seismograph at different times. It is this difference in arrival time that is used to work out how far away the epicentre was (using formula (v = d / t). This distance does no ...
Deep convection in the Irminger Sea forced by the Greenland tip jet
... small number of locations (for example, the Mediterranean and Labrador seas). Recently, the southwest Irminger Sea has been suggested as an additional location for open-ocean deep convection. The deep water formed in the Irminger Sea has the characteristic temperature and salinity of the water mass ...
... small number of locations (for example, the Mediterranean and Labrador seas). Recently, the southwest Irminger Sea has been suggested as an additional location for open-ocean deep convection. The deep water formed in the Irminger Sea has the characteristic temperature and salinity of the water mass ...
Neodymium isotopic variations in North Pacific modern
... remaining silica is unlikely to host enough seawater Nd to bias the silicate results presented below. In addition, 1 M HCI and water rinses (using ultra-pure reagents) are applied to remove any contamination introduced by the extraction reagents listed above. The procedures for sample dissolution, N ...
... remaining silica is unlikely to host enough seawater Nd to bias the silicate results presented below. In addition, 1 M HCI and water rinses (using ultra-pure reagents) are applied to remove any contamination introduced by the extraction reagents listed above. The procedures for sample dissolution, N ...
high-res
... – Ptolemy’s Earth-centered universe was destroyed by Galileo’s observations of Jupiter’s moons – Flat-Earth concept (re)invalidated by oceanic explorations – Newtonian mechanics and gravity modified by Einstein’s relativity – Experimental error always puts limitations on the validity of any theo ...
... – Ptolemy’s Earth-centered universe was destroyed by Galileo’s observations of Jupiter’s moons – Flat-Earth concept (re)invalidated by oceanic explorations – Newtonian mechanics and gravity modified by Einstein’s relativity – Experimental error always puts limitations on the validity of any theo ...
Plate Tectonics 2
... • This injects formal uncertainty into all reported quantities, & ultimately theories. – Example 1: Rates of plate motion (very slow) – Example 2: Average yearly global surface temperature (local/regional temperatures are highly variable) ...
... • This injects formal uncertainty into all reported quantities, & ultimately theories. – Example 1: Rates of plate motion (very slow) – Example 2: Average yearly global surface temperature (local/regional temperatures are highly variable) ...
Equatorial ocean circulation in an extremely warm climate
... lower middle Eocene sediments recovered in the piston core taken near 20°N (Figure 2). The age of the base of this package is constrained by the age of the crust on which it lies. [11] What we interpret to be a basal carbonate sequence ranges in thickness from slightly less than 100 ms to 200 ms tw ...
... lower middle Eocene sediments recovered in the piston core taken near 20°N (Figure 2). The age of the base of this package is constrained by the age of the crust on which it lies. [11] What we interpret to be a basal carbonate sequence ranges in thickness from slightly less than 100 ms to 200 ms tw ...
brochure Archienviron 2 - Archean Environment: The habitat of early
... • Interaction between Archean surface waters and the oceanic and continental crust; • The search for traces of early life. Our main gaol is to obtain a better understanding of the conditions that existed at or near the surface of our planet during the first two billion years of its history. Our appr ...
... • Interaction between Archean surface waters and the oceanic and continental crust; • The search for traces of early life. Our main gaol is to obtain a better understanding of the conditions that existed at or near the surface of our planet during the first two billion years of its history. Our appr ...
You Can`t Catch a Fish with a Robot
... 0.445 psi), and absorbs light to the point that at 1,000 m (~3280 ft) below the surface there is no solar light under the most optimum conditions. It is totally dark beyond that depth except for biological light emanating from bioluminescent organisms. The darkness of the deep sea does not call us a ...
... 0.445 psi), and absorbs light to the point that at 1,000 m (~3280 ft) below the surface there is no solar light under the most optimum conditions. It is totally dark beyond that depth except for biological light emanating from bioluminescent organisms. The darkness of the deep sea does not call us a ...
High rates of arc consumption by subduction processes: Some
... may not have changed greatly during the past several hundred million years. Uncertainties about both net growth or the loss of crustal material are such that it is not possible to conclude in favor of a continental or GEOLOGY, June 1995 ...
... may not have changed greatly during the past several hundred million years. Uncertainties about both net growth or the loss of crustal material are such that it is not possible to conclude in favor of a continental or GEOLOGY, June 1995 ...
Ecosystems and Biodiversity in Deep Waters and High Seas
... Throughout the oceans, shipping, military operations ...
... Throughout the oceans, shipping, military operations ...
Thermal equilibrium state of the ocean
... The major feature of this final equilibrium state is characterized by piling up of salt in the deep ocean, as shown by the red line in Fig. 9a. Sinking of salt in the water column leads to the shifting of water mass, i.e., density increases in the deep ocean, but it declines in the upper ocean as sh ...
... The major feature of this final equilibrium state is characterized by piling up of salt in the deep ocean, as shown by the red line in Fig. 9a. Sinking of salt in the water column leads to the shifting of water mass, i.e., density increases in the deep ocean, but it declines in the upper ocean as sh ...
Global hydrological cycle response to rapid and slow global warming.
... This study analyzes the response of global water vapor to global warming in a series of fully coupled climate model simulations. The authors find that a roughly 7% K21 rate of increase of water vapor with global surface temperature is robust only for rapid anthropogenic-like climate change. For slow ...
... This study analyzes the response of global water vapor to global warming in a series of fully coupled climate model simulations. The authors find that a roughly 7% K21 rate of increase of water vapor with global surface temperature is robust only for rapid anthropogenic-like climate change. For slow ...
Breakthrough the Discontinuity: 21st Century Mohole
... The Moho discontinuity is the outermost boundary within the solid Earth (Fig. 1) and plays a major role in differentiation and evolution of the Earth’s interior and the surface environment. Upwelling asthenosphere adiabatically melts to fractionate magma to form crust and the residual mantle through ...
... The Moho discontinuity is the outermost boundary within the solid Earth (Fig. 1) and plays a major role in differentiation and evolution of the Earth’s interior and the surface environment. Upwelling asthenosphere adiabatically melts to fractionate magma to form crust and the residual mantle through ...
SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION IN THE OCEANS: THE ATLANTIC
... sediments are draped uniformly over the basement they are probably pelagic. If the slopes are steep enough, pelagic sediment can be concentrated in the valleys, probably by local turbidity currents. However, this cannot explain all the variations in thickness found in the homogeneous sediments. EWIN ...
... sediments are draped uniformly over the basement they are probably pelagic. If the slopes are steep enough, pelagic sediment can be concentrated in the valleys, probably by local turbidity currents. However, this cannot explain all the variations in thickness found in the homogeneous sediments. EWIN ...
Exploration Technologies for the Utilization of Ocean Floor Resources
... sea floors. When certain conditions are satisfied, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea permits sovereign rights for ocean f loors under the high seas as the continental shelf of the coastal countries in accordance with EEZ. In order to investigate which sea areas of Japan satisfy the above-menti ...
... sea floors. When certain conditions are satisfied, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea permits sovereign rights for ocean f loors under the high seas as the continental shelf of the coastal countries in accordance with EEZ. In order to investigate which sea areas of Japan satisfy the above-menti ...
The Big MELT
... of the East Pacific Rise ridge, has far more abundant seamounts than the Nazca Plate, east of the ridge. Seismic measurements can help us to determine if the more abundant volcanism in the Pacific Plate is, as expected, associated with the formation of a thicker crust. In our study we analyzed the t ...
... of the East Pacific Rise ridge, has far more abundant seamounts than the Nazca Plate, east of the ridge. Seismic measurements can help us to determine if the more abundant volcanism in the Pacific Plate is, as expected, associated with the formation of a thicker crust. In our study we analyzed the t ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.