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Copyright (©) 2008, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter
Copyright (©) 2008, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter

... shoreward moving of water with wave action and tidal currents. Evidence for this process can be seen in the way in which sand accumulates against new structures built on the shore, or by the way in which it is removed from a beach when a breakwater is built in such a way as to cut off the supply of ...
Unit 5: Ocean Floor Structure and Plate Tectonics
Unit 5: Ocean Floor Structure and Plate Tectonics

... wash off the continents, and are carried to the depths by dense currents. Over time, the sediments spread out to provide a smooth, level surface. Abyssal plains are most common in the Atlantic; in the Pacific, deep trenches around the continents trap most of the sediment before it reaches the open o ...
Humanities 5 Blue Humanities John R. Gillis Although fully half of
Humanities 5 Blue Humanities John R. Gillis Although fully half of

... humanities. History no longer stops at the water's edge. The Mediterranean Sea has long been an organizing concept for ancient historians, and now Atlantic History is an established part of the early modern studies, with the Pacific looming large in contemporary studies. But some global historians n ...
Plate Tectonics - Teacher Background File
Plate Tectonics - Teacher Background File

... the result of compression. Folded fossil beaches are found near the top of Mount Everest. This land must have been compressed and uplifted from sea level. Scientists working in the Andes and in the Himalayas discovered that a pendulum would be attracted to large mountain ranges. This suggested that ...
Earth System PP slides
Earth System PP slides

... Consequences of Oxygen Build-up • Development of ozone (O3) layer which absorbs harmful UV radiation and eventaully allowed life on land • End of banded iron formations which only formed in low O2 ...
chapter4 - West Broward High School
chapter4 - West Broward High School

... • Continental margins may be active (earthquakes, volcanoes) or passive, depending on the local sense of plate movement. • The mid-ocean ridge system is perhaps Earth’s most prominent feature. Most of the water of the world ocean circulates through hot oceanic crust in the ridges about every 10 mill ...
Continental Drift Theory
Continental Drift Theory

... • First proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912: – 250 million years ago, all of the continents were combined into one super-continent called “Pangaea” – The continents gradually drifted apart to where they are today ...
The `inconvenient ocean` Undesirable consequences of terrestrial
The `inconvenient ocean` Undesirable consequences of terrestrial

... deficiency (compared to other nutrients required for phytoplankton growth such as NO3-) of iron ...
Marine Productivity and Nutrient Cycling Base of the food chain
Marine Productivity and Nutrient Cycling Base of the food chain

... (simple sugar) ...
Who was the father of plate tectonics? Alfred Wegener Who was the
Who was the father of plate tectonics? Alfred Wegener Who was the

... 3. climatic (coal found in Antarctica, so continent must have once been closer to equator) (glacier deposits found in India & South America, so continents must have once been closer to south pole ...
Terrestrial Worlds in Comparison
Terrestrial Worlds in Comparison

... The large terrestrial planets cool more slowly and are still hot. Kept hotter longer by energy released from the decay of radioactive elements. Solid inner core Liquid outer core ...
contents - Less Stress More Success
contents - Less Stress More Success

... The crust is broken into plates. These plates move. They separate, collide and slide past each other. The plates are carried about by convection currents in the mantle. ...
For Creative Minds - Arbordale Publishing
For Creative Minds - Arbordale Publishing

... are available online. Go to ArbordalePublishing.com and click on the book’s cover to explore all the links. ...
Day 5 Subduction Trenches
Day 5 Subduction Trenches

... http://www2.wwnorton.com/college/geo/egeo/flash/2_9.swf Watch Blue planet video on deep ocean trench life: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6616117576614575795 &q=deep+sea+creatures&total=945&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=se arch&plindex=1 ...
Earth is composed of 3 layers
Earth is composed of 3 layers

... -about 1,800 mi. below the surface of earth -temperatures can reach 8,000*F ...
theory of plate tectonics
theory of plate tectonics

... 4. lithosphere = oceanic and continental crust and rigid upper mantle a. thin outer shell of earth b. less dense than material below which causes movement of plates = broken into sections 1) have identified 30 so far 2) interact together to create major surface features a) move toward each other an ...
Lesson 1: Earth Energy Lesson
Lesson 1: Earth Energy Lesson

... is the oldest! And the old rock is on the outer edge ...
2.3 Land ppt - Maryville City Schools
2.3 Land ppt - Maryville City Schools

... emerges
from
the
gap
 •  As
lava
cools
it
builds
mid‐ocean
ridges
or
 under
water
mountains
 •  Can
grow
high
enough
to
reach
the
surface
&
 create
volcanic
islands
 •  Largest
is
the
Mid‐AtlanOc
Ridge

 ...
It`s easy! Each plate is named after the major land mass
It`s easy! Each plate is named after the major land mass

... 6 Major Tectonic Plates on Earth Earth has many tectonic plates - like a giant jigsaw puzzle. The largest 6 plates are called the major plates. Your job is to know the names and locations of the 6 major plates. (It's easy! You will see how the names of the plates match up to the names of Earth's co ...
Types of Plate Boundaries Submitted by WWW.ASSIGNMENTPOINT
Types of Plate Boundaries Submitted by WWW.ASSIGNMENTPOINT

... Ocean‐ocean convergence occurs when two plates carrying ocean crust meet. One edge of ocean crust is subducted beneath the other at an ocean trench. The ocean trench curves outward toward the subducting plate over the subduction zone. Data from earthquakes along the subducting plate show that the a ...
Chapter 3-The Dynamic Earth
Chapter 3-The Dynamic Earth

... clockwise direction north of the equator. Surface currents in the Pacific move in a counter-clockwise direction south of the equator. ...
Carbonate Chemistry of the Oceans
Carbonate Chemistry of the Oceans

... to human activities. Observations at the same time on the global scale over at least several decades-frequent enough to determine the dominant scales of variation in terms of space and time-can now be made using satellites in space. Only through the use of such remote observations can the objectives ...
Plate Tectonics Review Sheet
Plate Tectonics Review Sheet

... List and explain evidence that supports the hypothesis of continental drift. fit of continents - the continents fit together like puzzle pieces landforms (mountains) - half of a mountain range was on South American and the other half was on Africa fossils, and climate - matched across continents sea ...
Studying the Ocean Biosphere - USF College of Marine Science
Studying the Ocean Biosphere - USF College of Marine Science

... result of the independent variable being manipulated. The experiment must be repeated many times to collect an adequate amount of data and to be certain that the same results are obtained. To follow our hypothesis, we would need to measure salinity all over the world, and at many different times. 5) ...
Part 1 - cosee now
Part 1 - cosee now

... Student Learning Map for Unit: The Foundation of Life in the Ocean (5.1) Key Learning(s): The theory of evolution is connected to the origins of energy and matter. Life began on Earth once the conditions became suitable. Life has the ability to adapt to many different conditions and stresses. There ...
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Ocean



An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.
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