Sea Floor Spreading LAB 2017
... continually been forming over millions of years at the mid-ocean ridges. Hess found that on each side of the ridge, sea floor got older as a person moved away from the ridge towards the continents. The older, denser oceanic crust eventually descends into deep trenches along the continents and is rec ...
... continually been forming over millions of years at the mid-ocean ridges. Hess found that on each side of the ridge, sea floor got older as a person moved away from the ridge towards the continents. The older, denser oceanic crust eventually descends into deep trenches along the continents and is rec ...
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... These ridges are a continuous chain of submarine volcanoes and geologic activity is concentrated around these areas. At these ridges, oceanic crust is separating as molten rock flows from the Earth’s interior. New rock is formed in this way and older rock is pushed further from the ridges. Sediments ...
... These ridges are a continuous chain of submarine volcanoes and geologic activity is concentrated around these areas. At these ridges, oceanic crust is separating as molten rock flows from the Earth’s interior. New rock is formed in this way and older rock is pushed further from the ridges. Sediments ...
Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics
... 1. Magma is a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle 2. When magma reaches the surface it is called lava 3. After lava cools it forms solid rock 4. The lava released during volcanic activity builds up Earth’s surface B. Volcanic activity is a constructive force t ...
... 1. Magma is a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle 2. When magma reaches the surface it is called lava 3. After lava cools it forms solid rock 4. The lava released during volcanic activity builds up Earth’s surface B. Volcanic activity is a constructive force t ...
Students must know the following vocabulary: Plate tectonics
... - Place the layers of the Earth in order from the surface to the center. - What happens to the temperature as we travel from the surface to the center of the Earth? The pressure? The density of the rock? - What is the lithosphere? Asthenosphere? - What is the composition of each layer? - What is the ...
... - Place the layers of the Earth in order from the surface to the center. - What happens to the temperature as we travel from the surface to the center of the Earth? The pressure? The density of the rock? - What is the lithosphere? Asthenosphere? - What is the composition of each layer? - What is the ...
Ocean Acidification - Fiji National University | E
... degrees. Photosynthetic algae and seagrasses may benefit from higher CO2 conditions in the ocean, as they require CO2 to live just like plants on land. On the other hand, studies have shown that a more acidic environment has a dramatic effect on some calcifying species, including oysters, clams, sea ...
... degrees. Photosynthetic algae and seagrasses may benefit from higher CO2 conditions in the ocean, as they require CO2 to live just like plants on land. On the other hand, studies have shown that a more acidic environment has a dramatic effect on some calcifying species, including oysters, clams, sea ...
DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305
... 45. The surface waters in regions where evaporation rates are high, such as the Red Sea, have lower than average salinities. 46. In regions of heavy precipitation, the salinity of surface waters is increased. 47. The World’s ocean currents circulate around the globe like a conveyor belt, transporti ...
... 45. The surface waters in regions where evaporation rates are high, such as the Red Sea, have lower than average salinities. 46. In regions of heavy precipitation, the salinity of surface waters is increased. 47. The World’s ocean currents circulate around the globe like a conveyor belt, transporti ...
Marine Ecosystems - National Geographic
... found in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans at an average underwater depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 feet). They are concentrated along the Mid-Ocean Ridge. The Mid-Ocean Ridge is the underwater mountain chain that winds its way around the globe. Hydrothermal vent ecosystems support familiar, y ...
... found in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans at an average underwater depth of about 2,100 meters (7,000 feet). They are concentrated along the Mid-Ocean Ridge. The Mid-Ocean Ridge is the underwater mountain chain that winds its way around the globe. Hydrothermal vent ecosystems support familiar, y ...
Plate Tectonics - Galena High School Library
... that hypothesized that continents looked liked they fit together like pieces of a puzzle One large supercontinent was formed called Pangaea “all land” Pangaea’s eventual split is called continental drift, powered by sea floor spreading ...
... that hypothesized that continents looked liked they fit together like pieces of a puzzle One large supercontinent was formed called Pangaea “all land” Pangaea’s eventual split is called continental drift, powered by sea floor spreading ...
Geographic Distribution of Earthquakes
... Earthquakes Earthquakes are distributed unevenly on the globe. In certain places they are more frequent and intense whereas in other places they are extremely rare and feeble or their effect is hardly perceptible Studies on the occurrence of earthquakes on the globe have indicated that there are ...
... Earthquakes Earthquakes are distributed unevenly on the globe. In certain places they are more frequent and intense whereas in other places they are extremely rare and feeble or their effect is hardly perceptible Studies on the occurrence of earthquakes on the globe have indicated that there are ...
Directed Reading
... ______ 1. The body of salt water covering nearly three-quarters of the Earth’s surface is called the a. Earth’s ocean. b. Pacific Ocean. c. salt-water ocean. d. global ocean. ______ 2. How many of the known planets have a covering of liquid water similar to that of Earth? a. one b. three c. all d. n ...
... ______ 1. The body of salt water covering nearly three-quarters of the Earth’s surface is called the a. Earth’s ocean. b. Pacific Ocean. c. salt-water ocean. d. global ocean. ______ 2. How many of the known planets have a covering of liquid water similar to that of Earth? a. one b. three c. all d. n ...
Unit 1: Rocks and Minerals
... below the crust is the mantle. Below the mantle is Earth’s core, which has two parts: the outer core and the inner core. The temperature and density increase towards the center of Earth. The layers have different compositions: rocky, metallic, solid, liquid, partially solid. (S6E5a) The top part of ...
... below the crust is the mantle. Below the mantle is Earth’s core, which has two parts: the outer core and the inner core. The temperature and density increase towards the center of Earth. The layers have different compositions: rocky, metallic, solid, liquid, partially solid. (S6E5a) The top part of ...
Powerpoint - Fort Bend ISD
... • Magma comes up from inside the Earth, cools and hardens and creates new sea floor. • The rock at the mid-ocean ridge is the youngest and gets older as it moves farther away from the ridges. ...
... • Magma comes up from inside the Earth, cools and hardens and creates new sea floor. • The rock at the mid-ocean ridge is the youngest and gets older as it moves farther away from the ridges. ...
Common types of mountain glaciers
... blue) under most parts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Large elevations in the surface (red and yellow) under continental regions such as Eurasia, North America, Australia, Antarctica and parts of Africa. In general 400 km discontinuity correlates well continents and ocean basins. 670 km discontin ...
... blue) under most parts of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Large elevations in the surface (red and yellow) under continental regions such as Eurasia, North America, Australia, Antarctica and parts of Africa. In general 400 km discontinuity correlates well continents and ocean basins. 670 km discontin ...
The Deepest Place on Earth
... the vents is so hot that in some places it is over 500°F (that is 300°C)! So can anything live in this very deep place where the water is either very cold or very hot? Let’s take a closer look. Life at the Bottom In the Mariana Trench there is no sunlight because the sun’s rays cannot reach so far d ...
... the vents is so hot that in some places it is over 500°F (that is 300°C)! So can anything live in this very deep place where the water is either very cold or very hot? Let’s take a closer look. Life at the Bottom In the Mariana Trench there is no sunlight because the sun’s rays cannot reach so far d ...
Evidence of continental drift
... sent the continents adrift. Wegner called the supercontinent Pangaea which means “all the earth” in Greek. Pangaea broke up 200 mya. The northern half of Pangaea was referred to as Laurasia and the southern portion is known as Gondwanaland. ...
... sent the continents adrift. Wegner called the supercontinent Pangaea which means “all the earth” in Greek. Pangaea broke up 200 mya. The northern half of Pangaea was referred to as Laurasia and the southern portion is known as Gondwanaland. ...
Plate Boundaries…
... Early in rift formation, streams and rivers flow into the low valleys and long, narrow lakes can be created. Eventually, the widening crust along the boundary may become thin enough that a piece of the continent breaks off, forming a new tectonic plate At this point, water from the ocean will rush i ...
... Early in rift formation, streams and rivers flow into the low valleys and long, narrow lakes can be created. Eventually, the widening crust along the boundary may become thin enough that a piece of the continent breaks off, forming a new tectonic plate At this point, water from the ocean will rush i ...
Seismic tomography - Italo Bovolenta Editore
... the mantle clearly associated with mantle convection. Figure 2 presents a tomographic model of Swave speed variations in the mantle constructed by researchers at Harvard University. The model is displayed as a series of global maps at depths ranging from just below the crust down to the core-mantle ...
... the mantle clearly associated with mantle convection. Figure 2 presents a tomographic model of Swave speed variations in the mantle constructed by researchers at Harvard University. The model is displayed as a series of global maps at depths ranging from just below the crust down to the core-mantle ...
Word format
... This may occur in just the asthenosphere or in the entire mantle. The process involves mantle material moving heat upwards towards the surface, where it cools and then moves back downward again the repeat the process, forming a convection cell. Sometimes, a huge jet of molten magma called a ________ ...
... This may occur in just the asthenosphere or in the entire mantle. The process involves mantle material moving heat upwards towards the surface, where it cools and then moves back downward again the repeat the process, forming a convection cell. Sometimes, a huge jet of molten magma called a ________ ...
4. Plate Tectonics II (p. 46-67)
... This may occur in just the asthenosphere or in the entire mantle. The process involves mantle material moving heat upwards towards the surface, where it cools and then moves back downward again the repeat the process, forming a convection cell. Sometimes, a huge jet of molten magma called a ________ ...
... This may occur in just the asthenosphere or in the entire mantle. The process involves mantle material moving heat upwards towards the surface, where it cools and then moves back downward again the repeat the process, forming a convection cell. Sometimes, a huge jet of molten magma called a ________ ...
The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle - Assets
... derivative versions of this map are widely used, most delete detail in the original legend that indicated that, with the exception of the Indian Ocean, virtually no direct measurements were available to compute annual rates of primary production for the southern-hemisphere oceans. The map of Koblent ...
... derivative versions of this map are widely used, most delete detail in the original legend that indicated that, with the exception of the Indian Ocean, virtually no direct measurements were available to compute annual rates of primary production for the southern-hemisphere oceans. The map of Koblent ...
Matthew Huelsenbeck
... Matthew (Matt) Huelsenbeck is a marine scientist at Oceana, the largest international advocacy group working solely to protect the world’s oceans. Since 2010, Huelsenbeck has supported Oceana’s Climate and Energy campaign, where he studies the impacts of pollution on marine life and society as they ...
... Matthew (Matt) Huelsenbeck is a marine scientist at Oceana, the largest international advocacy group working solely to protect the world’s oceans. Since 2010, Huelsenbeck has supported Oceana’s Climate and Energy campaign, where he studies the impacts of pollution on marine life and society as they ...
Ocean - International Year of Planet Earth
... sulphide. When they vent on the seafloor, reactions between the hot, metalladen vent fluids and the surrounding cold deep-sea water lead to the precipitation of metal sulphides, a reaction that has generated some of the largest metal ore bodies on Earth. Hot, sulphide and metal-laden fluids do not s ...
... sulphide. When they vent on the seafloor, reactions between the hot, metalladen vent fluids and the surrounding cold deep-sea water lead to the precipitation of metal sulphides, a reaction that has generated some of the largest metal ore bodies on Earth. Hot, sulphide and metal-laden fluids do not s ...
Unit 3 Lesson 1 Geological History
... representing the mid-oceanic ridge are mirror images of one another. The shaded stripes also represent older and older rock as they move away from the mid-oceanic ridge. Geologists have determined that rocks found in different parts of the planet with similar ages have the same magnetic characterist ...
... representing the mid-oceanic ridge are mirror images of one another. The shaded stripes also represent older and older rock as they move away from the mid-oceanic ridge. Geologists have determined that rocks found in different parts of the planet with similar ages have the same magnetic characterist ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.