Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction
... The GPi–PPN projection may play a significant role in locomotion and the SNr–SC projection in the control of eye and head movements. GPi projections also are directed to the lateral habenula and appear to play a role in reward mechanisms. 2. Connections between basal ganglia nuclei Modern anatomical ...
... The GPi–PPN projection may play a significant role in locomotion and the SNr–SC projection in the control of eye and head movements. GPi projections also are directed to the lateral habenula and appear to play a role in reward mechanisms. 2. Connections between basal ganglia nuclei Modern anatomical ...
the mirror system hypothesis: from a macaque
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
THE MIRROR SYSTEM HYPOTHESIS: FROM A MACAQUE
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
... S2: A mirror system for grasping, shared with the common ancestor of human and monkey. S3: A system for simple imitation of grasping shared with the common ancestor of human and chimpanzee. The next 3 stages distinguish the hominid line from that of the great apes: S4: A complex imitation system for ...
Nervous Systems: Cells and Functions
... • Neurons are specialized cells of the nervous system that receive, encode, and transmit ...
... • Neurons are specialized cells of the nervous system that receive, encode, and transmit ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... The monkeys were trained to perform the memory-guided saccade task in two different reward conditions: all-directions-rewarded (ADR) condition and one-direction-rewarded (1DR) condition (Kawagoe et al. 1998) (Fig. 1). A task trial started with the onset of a central fixation point on which the monke ...
... The monkeys were trained to perform the memory-guided saccade task in two different reward conditions: all-directions-rewarded (ADR) condition and one-direction-rewarded (1DR) condition (Kawagoe et al. 1998) (Fig. 1). A task trial started with the onset of a central fixation point on which the monke ...
Monkey and humans exhibit similar motion
... diameter ¼ 1.8 arcmin) against a mean luminance background ...
... diameter ¼ 1.8 arcmin) against a mean luminance background ...
Group Redundancy Measures Reveals Redundancy Reduction in the Auditory Pathway
... Interactions and high order correlations between neurons were mostly investigated within single brain areas on the level of pairs of cells, showing both synergistic and redundant interactions [5, 6, 4]. The current study focuses on developing redundancy measures for larger groups of neurons and comp ...
... Interactions and high order correlations between neurons were mostly investigated within single brain areas on the level of pairs of cells, showing both synergistic and redundant interactions [5, 6, 4]. The current study focuses on developing redundancy measures for larger groups of neurons and comp ...
Nervous System
... (b–d) In axons with a myelin sheath, ions flow across the neural membrane at nodes, or small gaps between the cells that make up the sheath. Many gated channels for sodium ions are exposed to extracellular fluid at the nodes. When excitation caused by an action potential reaches a node, the gates o ...
... (b–d) In axons with a myelin sheath, ions flow across the neural membrane at nodes, or small gaps between the cells that make up the sheath. Many gated channels for sodium ions are exposed to extracellular fluid at the nodes. When excitation caused by an action potential reaches a node, the gates o ...
Methods S2.
... output of a neuron in layer k depends, through the non–linear activation function, only on the sum of inputs received from the neurons in layer k1, which are, in turn, computed using inputs from layer k2 and so on, up to the input layer. The feature that makes MLPs interesting for practical use is ...
... output of a neuron in layer k depends, through the non–linear activation function, only on the sum of inputs received from the neurons in layer k1, which are, in turn, computed using inputs from layer k2 and so on, up to the input layer. The feature that makes MLPs interesting for practical use is ...
Laboratory Exercise 10: Anatomy and Physiology of the Spinal Cord
... neurons into the spinal cord and the ventral (anterior) root carry axons of motor (efferent) neurons out of the spinal cord. The dendrites, cell bodies, beginning of the motor neuron’s axon are in the ventral horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord. C. Spinal Cord Reflexes The basic structural an ...
... neurons into the spinal cord and the ventral (anterior) root carry axons of motor (efferent) neurons out of the spinal cord. The dendrites, cell bodies, beginning of the motor neuron’s axon are in the ventral horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord. C. Spinal Cord Reflexes The basic structural an ...
The Mammalian Nervous System: Structure and
... Parietal lobe: •Primary somatosensory motor cortex—behind the central sulcus; receives touch and pressure information •Involves attending to complex stimuli Contralateral neglect syndrome: Unable to recognize stimuli on one side of body when the opposite parietal lobe is damaged ...
... Parietal lobe: •Primary somatosensory motor cortex—behind the central sulcus; receives touch and pressure information •Involves attending to complex stimuli Contralateral neglect syndrome: Unable to recognize stimuli on one side of body when the opposite parietal lobe is damaged ...
DISSOCIATION OF TARGET SELECTION AND SACCADE
... "[Since] we cannot break up the reaction into successive acts and obtain the time of each act, of what use is the reaction time?" – R.S. Woodworth (1938) in Experimental Psychology [quoted in Luce (1986)] It is possible now to determine the duration of intermediate stages with invasive measures of n ...
... "[Since] we cannot break up the reaction into successive acts and obtain the time of each act, of what use is the reaction time?" – R.S. Woodworth (1938) in Experimental Psychology [quoted in Luce (1986)] It is possible now to determine the duration of intermediate stages with invasive measures of n ...
33 Pleura
... The sternal ends of the ribs and costal cartilages also are elevated thrusting the sternum forward to increase the anterior posterior diameter of the thorax. This movement is described as the pump-handle movement. In addition, the intercostal muscles also act to stiffen the thoracic wall to prevent ...
... The sternal ends of the ribs and costal cartilages also are elevated thrusting the sternum forward to increase the anterior posterior diameter of the thorax. This movement is described as the pump-handle movement. In addition, the intercostal muscles also act to stiffen the thoracic wall to prevent ...
Bi150 (2005)
... •The ‘mapping’ of these compounds probably occurs by matching to memory templates stored in the brain • A smell is categorized based on one’s previous experiences of it and on the other sensory stimuli correlated with its appearance. ...
... •The ‘mapping’ of these compounds probably occurs by matching to memory templates stored in the brain • A smell is categorized based on one’s previous experiences of it and on the other sensory stimuli correlated with its appearance. ...
Session 2 Neurons - Creature and Creator
... Now we turn to the special ion channels in the neuron’s membrane – these are responsible for the ion exchange when the membrane is excited. In the resting state the membrane is negative on the inside. When the neuron is excited the sodium channel opens. Excitation can occur mechanically or by imposi ...
... Now we turn to the special ion channels in the neuron’s membrane – these are responsible for the ion exchange when the membrane is excited. In the resting state the membrane is negative on the inside. When the neuron is excited the sodium channel opens. Excitation can occur mechanically or by imposi ...
How do we manage to remember smells despite the fact
... Olfactory sensory neurons, which sit in the mucus in the back of the nose and relay data into the brain via axons (fingerlike projections that transmit information out from the cell body), do not live forever. In fact, they are one of the increasingly large number of neuron types that are known to d ...
... Olfactory sensory neurons, which sit in the mucus in the back of the nose and relay data into the brain via axons (fingerlike projections that transmit information out from the cell body), do not live forever. In fact, they are one of the increasingly large number of neuron types that are known to d ...
Reflex Arc - wwhsanatomy
... control activities of the muscular system VISERAL REFLEXES or autonomic involuntary reflexes- control the actions of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands ...
... control activities of the muscular system VISERAL REFLEXES or autonomic involuntary reflexes- control the actions of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands ...
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... example, in most people, the left cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language. Examples: ...
... example, in most people, the left cerebral hemisphere is specialized for language. Examples: ...
The Brainstem (or brain stem) 4/5/2010
... horns send their axons out to muscle fibers via the ventral roots. ANS axons also exit via the ventral roots • Although there are sensory nerves and motor nerves that enter and exit the brainstem there are no “dorsal or ventral horns” in the brainstem. ...
... horns send their axons out to muscle fibers via the ventral roots. ANS axons also exit via the ventral roots • Although there are sensory nerves and motor nerves that enter and exit the brainstem there are no “dorsal or ventral horns” in the brainstem. ...
lecture CNS
... – divided into hemispheres with lobes - like the cerebrum • connected by a vermis – has a superficial layer of gray matter called the cerebellar cortex - like the brain – deep to this gray matter are tracts of white matter = arbor vitae (tree of life) – also contains gray matter nuclei – like the ce ...
... – divided into hemispheres with lobes - like the cerebrum • connected by a vermis – has a superficial layer of gray matter called the cerebellar cortex - like the brain – deep to this gray matter are tracts of white matter = arbor vitae (tree of life) – also contains gray matter nuclei – like the ce ...
Cortical and Brainstem Control of Motor Function
... Semicircular ducts predict situations in which equilibrium will be affected and this information is sent to the brain. ...
... Semicircular ducts predict situations in which equilibrium will be affected and this information is sent to the brain. ...
File
... their contents (acetylcholine) into the synaptic cleft ◦ The acetylcholine diffuses across the synapse and binds to receptor sites on the postsynaptic knob ...
... their contents (acetylcholine) into the synaptic cleft ◦ The acetylcholine diffuses across the synapse and binds to receptor sites on the postsynaptic knob ...
Functional Connectivity during Surround Suppression in
... connectivity as the source of the suppression. Overall, these results provide insight into the dynamic nature of neuronal organization within V4 and its contribution to surround suppression. ...
... connectivity as the source of the suppression. Overall, these results provide insight into the dynamic nature of neuronal organization within V4 and its contribution to surround suppression. ...
Lecture Notes - Austin Community College
... sulcus) of each parietal lobe receives input from somatic sensory receptors for proprioception, touch, pain, temperature. Primary function to localize exact sites where sensations originate Sensory homunculus – shows proportional distribution of sensory input to the somatosensory cortex from differe ...
... sulcus) of each parietal lobe receives input from somatic sensory receptors for proprioception, touch, pain, temperature. Primary function to localize exact sites where sensations originate Sensory homunculus – shows proportional distribution of sensory input to the somatosensory cortex from differe ...
Redgrave - people.vcu.edu
... feature can elicit a phasic DA response. Recent analyses of cortical visual processing (for reviews, see REFS 51,52) indicate that signals related to the identity of objects can be recorded in the inferotemporal cortex ~80–100 ms after stimulus onset. By this time many of the DA neurons have already ...
... feature can elicit a phasic DA response. Recent analyses of cortical visual processing (for reviews, see REFS 51,52) indicate that signals related to the identity of objects can be recorded in the inferotemporal cortex ~80–100 ms after stimulus onset. By this time many of the DA neurons have already ...