Serotonin in Affective Control
... rhythmic motor activity, feeding, and more, in organisms from invertebrates to humans, and yet it has never quite been convincingly convicted of any single compelling influence. There are at least 17 different types and isoforms of serotonin receptor, mediating its wide range of diverse effects. The ...
... rhythmic motor activity, feeding, and more, in organisms from invertebrates to humans, and yet it has never quite been convincingly convicted of any single compelling influence. There are at least 17 different types and isoforms of serotonin receptor, mediating its wide range of diverse effects. The ...
Study Guides/Part_11
... The IP (interposed nucleus) activity is a burst-tonic (velocity + positional tonic) pattern related to divergence and far accommodation The NRTP activity is a burst-tonic (velocity + positional tonic) pattern related to convergence and near accommodation Stimulation of a NRa cell will generate a PUR ...
... The IP (interposed nucleus) activity is a burst-tonic (velocity + positional tonic) pattern related to divergence and far accommodation The NRTP activity is a burst-tonic (velocity + positional tonic) pattern related to convergence and near accommodation Stimulation of a NRa cell will generate a PUR ...
Loss of TDP-43 causes age-dependent progressive motor neuron
... hallmark of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in affected motor neurons, suggesting that loss-of-function of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 is one of the causes of the neurodegeneration. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of knockout of transactive response DNA-bindi ...
... hallmark of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in affected motor neurons, suggesting that loss-of-function of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 is one of the causes of the neurodegeneration. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of knockout of transactive response DNA-bindi ...
Reuss 9..48
... clock, retinal circadian oscillations and central and peripheral clock gene transcription are among the exciting findings that may shed new light on the anatomical and functional properties of the circadian timing system. ...
... clock, retinal circadian oscillations and central and peripheral clock gene transcription are among the exciting findings that may shed new light on the anatomical and functional properties of the circadian timing system. ...
Everitt et al. (2000) in The Amygdala - Rudolf Cardinal
... There is perhaps a tendency to assume that the amygdala alone is involved in associations between environmental stimuli and reinforcing events, especially in studies of aversive conditioning. However, not only is it clear that some forms of fear-motivated learning, such as aversive eye-blink conditi ...
... There is perhaps a tendency to assume that the amygdala alone is involved in associations between environmental stimuli and reinforcing events, especially in studies of aversive conditioning. However, not only is it clear that some forms of fear-motivated learning, such as aversive eye-blink conditi ...
Preview Sample 3
... Her _________ nervous system is active. a. parasympathetic b. sympathetic c. autosympathetic d. somatic Answer: d Page: 62 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application Difficulty: Basic APA Goal: Outcome 1.2 45. With respect to its potential basis in nervous system activity, “voodoo death” has been attributed to: ...
... Her _________ nervous system is active. a. parasympathetic b. sympathetic c. autosympathetic d. somatic Answer: d Page: 62 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application Difficulty: Basic APA Goal: Outcome 1.2 45. With respect to its potential basis in nervous system activity, “voodoo death” has been attributed to: ...
CRANIAL NERVES: Functional Anatomy
... Central means brain and spinal cord – the central nervous system (CNS). The central/peripheral boundary is at the margin of the brain and spinal cord, and not at the skull foramen through which the nerve passes. Thus, components of peripheral nerves, such as sensory ganglia and Schwann cells, may be ...
... Central means brain and spinal cord – the central nervous system (CNS). The central/peripheral boundary is at the margin of the brain and spinal cord, and not at the skull foramen through which the nerve passes. Thus, components of peripheral nerves, such as sensory ganglia and Schwann cells, may be ...
1 - TEST BANK 360
... 33. The brain and the spinal cord constitute the _________ nervous system. a. central b. peripheral c. primary d. autonomic Answer: a Page: 60 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Difficulty: Basic APA Goal: Outcome 1.2 34. Automatic, involuntary responses to stimuli are termed: a. action potentials b. condi ...
... 33. The brain and the spinal cord constitute the _________ nervous system. a. central b. peripheral c. primary d. autonomic Answer: a Page: 60 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge Difficulty: Basic APA Goal: Outcome 1.2 34. Automatic, involuntary responses to stimuli are termed: a. action potentials b. condi ...
Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the
... ␣/ neurons, ␣⬘/⬘ neurons, and ␥ neurons (Lee et al., 1999). The cell bodies of these MB neurons are located in the posterior of the brain and project their axons to the anterior region through an axon tract called the peduncle (Fig. 1 A). At the anterior end of the peduncle, each axon bifurcates, ...
... ␣/ neurons, ␣⬘/⬘ neurons, and ␥ neurons (Lee et al., 1999). The cell bodies of these MB neurons are located in the posterior of the brain and project their axons to the anterior region through an axon tract called the peduncle (Fig. 1 A). At the anterior end of the peduncle, each axon bifurcates, ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... In a previous study, we have analyzed the presence of neocortical ripples (80 –200 Hz) during natural states of vigilance and under some anesthetics and have shown that these oscillations coincide with increased neuronal depolarization and firing in all types of neocortical neurons (Grenier et al. 2 ...
... In a previous study, we have analyzed the presence of neocortical ripples (80 –200 Hz) during natural states of vigilance and under some anesthetics and have shown that these oscillations coincide with increased neuronal depolarization and firing in all types of neocortical neurons (Grenier et al. 2 ...
Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action
... early stages of cortical processing, the neuronal responses represent the characteristics of stimuli applied to peripheral nerves relatively accurately (Phillips et al. 1988). Neurons situated further away from the thalamic input have more complex response properties, which suggests that advanced pr ...
... early stages of cortical processing, the neuronal responses represent the characteristics of stimuli applied to peripheral nerves relatively accurately (Phillips et al. 1988). Neurons situated further away from the thalamic input have more complex response properties, which suggests that advanced pr ...
The architectural balance of the Ventral Nerve Cord depends
... in the spatial correlations (Figure 5I). Internodal distances became larger and localized spatial information was mostly lost. All these data suggest that the level of JNK activity must be dynamically tuned in the earlyspecified aCC, pCC, and RP2 pioneers and VUM neurons to facilitate the robust org ...
... in the spatial correlations (Figure 5I). Internodal distances became larger and localized spatial information was mostly lost. All these data suggest that the level of JNK activity must be dynamically tuned in the earlyspecified aCC, pCC, and RP2 pioneers and VUM neurons to facilitate the robust org ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... software (MicroBright-Field, Colchester, VT) using an Olympus Optical (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by dr ...
... software (MicroBright-Field, Colchester, VT) using an Olympus Optical (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by dr ...
Independent Functions of Slit–Robo Repulsion and Netrin– Frazzled
... idea that Netrin, secreted by midline cells, signals through DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma)/UNC40/Frazzled receptors to attract commissural axons toward and across the midline, whereas Slit signals through Robo family receptors to prevent commissural axons from recrossing the midline, as well ...
... idea that Netrin, secreted by midline cells, signals through DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma)/UNC40/Frazzled receptors to attract commissural axons toward and across the midline, whereas Slit signals through Robo family receptors to prevent commissural axons from recrossing the midline, as well ...
- TestbankU
... Skill Level: Factual Difficulty: Easy Page Ref: 40 Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e Topic: Imaging Techniques 11. The _____ is a diagnostic scanning technique that produces high-resolution images of the structures of the brain. a) M ...
... Skill Level: Factual Difficulty: Easy Page Ref: 40 Textbook LO 2.2: How do researchers use imaging techniques to study the nervous system?, APA LO 3.2e Topic: Imaging Techniques 11. The _____ is a diagnostic scanning technique that produces high-resolution images of the structures of the brain. a) M ...
- Wiley Online Library
... stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in proton concentration. A recently uncovered mechanism relies on the expression by RTN neurons of a proton-operated G ...
... stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in proton concentration. A recently uncovered mechanism relies on the expression by RTN neurons of a proton-operated G ...
Axonally Synthesized ATF4 Transmits a Neurodegenerative Signal across Brain Regions Baleriola,
... changes within axons may be primary events driving the development of the classical pathological changes (Krstic and Knuesel, 2013). For example, in AD brains with amyloid plaques restricted to the cortex, subcortical neurons with cortical projections degenerate, suggesting that axonal exposure to A ...
... changes within axons may be primary events driving the development of the classical pathological changes (Krstic and Knuesel, 2013). For example, in AD brains with amyloid plaques restricted to the cortex, subcortical neurons with cortical projections degenerate, suggesting that axonal exposure to A ...
Calcium Influx and Protein Phosphorylation Mediate the Metabolic
... in the muscle fiber membrane. These observations suggest that the synaptic accumulation of AChRs and their metabolic stability may be related to nerve-induced modifications in the cytoskeleton at the junctional portion of the muscle fiber. Indeed, an accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (reviewed i ...
... in the muscle fiber membrane. These observations suggest that the synaptic accumulation of AChRs and their metabolic stability may be related to nerve-induced modifications in the cytoskeleton at the junctional portion of the muscle fiber. Indeed, an accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (reviewed i ...
Central Control of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems and
... a summary of our current understanding of the extensive mammalian literature. This then underpins the subsequent comparative survey of the other vertebrate groups, considered in turn from fish, through amphibians and reptiles to birds, in relation to our more thorough understanding of the mammalian ...
... a summary of our current understanding of the extensive mammalian literature. This then underpins the subsequent comparative survey of the other vertebrate groups, considered in turn from fish, through amphibians and reptiles to birds, in relation to our more thorough understanding of the mammalian ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... respectively. Laterodorsal tegmentum neurons preferentially synapse on dopamine neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens lateral shell, whereas lateral habenula neurons synapse primarily on dopamine neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex as well as on GABAergic (c-aminobutyric-acid-co ...
... respectively. Laterodorsal tegmentum neurons preferentially synapse on dopamine neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens lateral shell, whereas lateral habenula neurons synapse primarily on dopamine neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex as well as on GABAergic (c-aminobutyric-acid-co ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... 2.6 Topographic distribution of relation between sleep spindles amplitude and frequency. Each dot corresponds to one spindle. Positions of plots correspond to arrangement of electrodes in 10/20 system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Topographical distribution of sleep spindle ...
... 2.6 Topographic distribution of relation between sleep spindles amplitude and frequency. Each dot corresponds to one spindle. Positions of plots correspond to arrangement of electrodes in 10/20 system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7 Topographical distribution of sleep spindle ...
Central Control of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
... a summary of our current understanding of the extensive mammalian literature. This then underpins the subsequent comparative survey of the other vertebrate groups, considered in turn from fish, through amphibians and reptiles to birds, in relation to our more thorough understanding of the mammalian ...
... a summary of our current understanding of the extensive mammalian literature. This then underpins the subsequent comparative survey of the other vertebrate groups, considered in turn from fish, through amphibians and reptiles to birds, in relation to our more thorough understanding of the mammalian ...
Author`s personal copy - Vanderbilt University
... Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy with a complex etiology often linked to sensitivity to intraocular pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors earl ...
... Glaucoma is a common optic neuropathy with a complex etiology often linked to sensitivity to intraocular pressure. Though the precise mechanisms that mediate or transduce this sensitivity are not clear, the axon of the retinal ganglion cell appears to be vulnerable to disease-relevant stressors earl ...
FREE Sample Here
... b. the creation of chemical transmitters by electrical energy. c. an exchange of positive and negative ions through the cell membrane. Correct: It is through the exchange of negative and positive ions through the cell membrane that a neuron is capable of “firing,” or releasing neurotransmitters. d. ...
... b. the creation of chemical transmitters by electrical energy. c. an exchange of positive and negative ions through the cell membrane. Correct: It is through the exchange of negative and positive ions through the cell membrane that a neuron is capable of “firing,” or releasing neurotransmitters. d. ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.