Nervous System
... Transmission is carried out by molecules called neurotransmitters. These are stored in vesicles in the axon terminals. Impulse reaches terminal opens calcium channels Calcium enters the terminal vesicles move toward membrane for exocytosis neurotransmitters are released and diffuse through sy ...
... Transmission is carried out by molecules called neurotransmitters. These are stored in vesicles in the axon terminals. Impulse reaches terminal opens calcium channels Calcium enters the terminal vesicles move toward membrane for exocytosis neurotransmitters are released and diffuse through sy ...
Practice Exam 3 ANSWERS
... a. Pacinian corpuscles b. Meissner’s corpuscles c. Tactile corpuscles d. Lamellar corpuscles 20. True or false, the parasympathetic NS affects organs not innervated by the ...
... a. Pacinian corpuscles b. Meissner’s corpuscles c. Tactile corpuscles d. Lamellar corpuscles 20. True or false, the parasympathetic NS affects organs not innervated by the ...
Chapter 1 Lecture Outline
... - External stimuli; heat, cold, lack of oxygen, pathogens, toxins - Internal stimuli; body temperature, blood pressure, concentration of water, glucose, salts, oxygen, etc. - Physical and psychological distresses Disruptions can be mild to severe If homeostasis is not maintained, death may result Ho ...
... - External stimuli; heat, cold, lack of oxygen, pathogens, toxins - Internal stimuli; body temperature, blood pressure, concentration of water, glucose, salts, oxygen, etc. - Physical and psychological distresses Disruptions can be mild to severe If homeostasis is not maintained, death may result Ho ...
Neurotransmitters
... Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals which relay, amplify, and modulate signals between a neuron and another cell. Neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles that cluster beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they ...
... Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals which relay, amplify, and modulate signals between a neuron and another cell. Neurotransmitters are packaged into synaptic vesicles that cluster beneath the membrane on the presynaptic side of a synapse, and are released into the synaptic cleft, where they ...
Chapter 23 take home test File
... 6. Though both extend from every neuron, dendrites and axons differ in many ways and functions. Which of the following is NOT a correct difference between the two? a) Dendrites tend to reach shorter distances in the body then axons. b) Dendrites receive electrical impulses from other neurons. Axons ...
... 6. Though both extend from every neuron, dendrites and axons differ in many ways and functions. Which of the following is NOT a correct difference between the two? a) Dendrites tend to reach shorter distances in the body then axons. b) Dendrites receive electrical impulses from other neurons. Axons ...
three basic functions of the nervous system
... Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves of the body - 31 pairs of spinal nerves - 12 pairs of cranial nerves ...
... Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves of the body - 31 pairs of spinal nerves - 12 pairs of cranial nerves ...
FYI information about sensory perception
... fingertip can distinguish points so close together while the arm senses two points only when they are 35 to 40 mm apart. The second property necessary for fine two-point discrimination is that neighboring receptors must connect to different CNS neurons, which in turn means that these CNS neurons mus ...
... fingertip can distinguish points so close together while the arm senses two points only when they are 35 to 40 mm apart. The second property necessary for fine two-point discrimination is that neighboring receptors must connect to different CNS neurons, which in turn means that these CNS neurons mus ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. They serve to protect the body and maintain homeostasis • ____________ reflexes - involve contraction of skeletal muscles • _______________ reflexes - regulate smooth muscle, cardiac ...
... Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. They serve to protect the body and maintain homeostasis • ____________ reflexes - involve contraction of skeletal muscles • _______________ reflexes - regulate smooth muscle, cardiac ...
Chapter 11 Worksheet 2 The action potential: Fill in the blanks. The
... The action potential: Fill in the blanks. The dendrites receive signals from messenger molecules released from adjacent neurons called _________________________________. These molecules bind to receptors that act as ______________ gated ion channels. When these channels open they allow ions to flow ...
... The action potential: Fill in the blanks. The dendrites receive signals from messenger molecules released from adjacent neurons called _________________________________. These molecules bind to receptors that act as ______________ gated ion channels. When these channels open they allow ions to flow ...
Central Nervous System
... Provides a means to send messages (impulses) to all parts of the body from the brain Stores ________________ and allows for __________________ ...
... Provides a means to send messages (impulses) to all parts of the body from the brain Stores ________________ and allows for __________________ ...
The Nervous System
... For a neuron to reach an action potential, it must reverse the electrical charge across the cell membrane. Once the action potential reaches the end of the axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. ...
... For a neuron to reach an action potential, it must reverse the electrical charge across the cell membrane. Once the action potential reaches the end of the axon, neurotransmitters are released into the synapse. ...
Lecture nerve
... -leaking ions are pumped back to where they belong 2. Gated channels: open and close in response to a stimulus A. voltage-gated: open in response to change in voltage - participate in the AP B. ligand-gated: open & close in response to particular chemical stimuli (hormone, neurotransmitter, ion) C. ...
... -leaking ions are pumped back to where they belong 2. Gated channels: open and close in response to a stimulus A. voltage-gated: open in response to change in voltage - participate in the AP B. ligand-gated: open & close in response to particular chemical stimuli (hormone, neurotransmitter, ion) C. ...
Nervous Systems
... • The plasma membrane is more permeable (more membrane channels) to K+ than to Na+. – Therefore, large amounts of K+ are transferred out of the cell (down the concentration gradient) – Small amounts of Na+ are transferred into the cell (down the concentration gradient) ...
... • The plasma membrane is more permeable (more membrane channels) to K+ than to Na+. – Therefore, large amounts of K+ are transferred out of the cell (down the concentration gradient) – Small amounts of Na+ are transferred into the cell (down the concentration gradient) ...
Sensory systems - somatosensation
... information processing at the relay stations • all sensory pathways go through the thalamus except for the olfactory pathway • receptive field can be defined in most sensory systems (but: proprioception) – effect can be excitatory or inhibitory • at higher levels of the sensory pathway, receptive fi ...
... information processing at the relay stations • all sensory pathways go through the thalamus except for the olfactory pathway • receptive field can be defined in most sensory systems (but: proprioception) – effect can be excitatory or inhibitory • at higher levels of the sensory pathway, receptive fi ...
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions
... Transduction is the process where the energy of external stimuli is converted to the energy of action potentials, the form of energy the nervous system is able to interpret. In touch, pressure on the mechanoreceptors generate the action potential. In temperature, free nerve endings in the skin do tr ...
... Transduction is the process where the energy of external stimuli is converted to the energy of action potentials, the form of energy the nervous system is able to interpret. In touch, pressure on the mechanoreceptors generate the action potential. In temperature, free nerve endings in the skin do tr ...
Nervous System Student Notes
... a. carry impulses from _______________ to ______ b. Ends of dendrites are associated with specialized receptors i. Cutaneous receptors: pressure, pain, heat, cold ii. Proprioceptors: muscles & tendons: amount of stretch or tension iii. Specialized receptors in sense organs: sight, hearing, smell, ta ...
... a. carry impulses from _______________ to ______ b. Ends of dendrites are associated with specialized receptors i. Cutaneous receptors: pressure, pain, heat, cold ii. Proprioceptors: muscles & tendons: amount of stretch or tension iii. Specialized receptors in sense organs: sight, hearing, smell, ta ...
Nervous System
... b) At the same time, potassium channels open, and K+ diffuse outward causing repolarization. repolarization c) This rapid change in potential is called an action potential. d) Many action potentials can occur before an active transport mechanism reestablishes the original resting potential. ...
... b) At the same time, potassium channels open, and K+ diffuse outward causing repolarization. repolarization c) This rapid change in potential is called an action potential. d) Many action potentials can occur before an active transport mechanism reestablishes the original resting potential. ...
Sensory systems
... information processing at the relay stations • all sensory pathways go through the thalamus except for the olfactory pathway • receptive field can be defined in most sensory systems (but: proprioception) – effect can be excitatory or inhibitory • at higher levels of the sensory pathway, receptive fi ...
... information processing at the relay stations • all sensory pathways go through the thalamus except for the olfactory pathway • receptive field can be defined in most sensory systems (but: proprioception) – effect can be excitatory or inhibitory • at higher levels of the sensory pathway, receptive fi ...
17-01-05 1 Golgi - stained neurons Neuronal function
... main metabolic centre of neuron main (but not only) site of protein synthesis lots of mitochondria lots of endoplasmic reticulum size in vertebrates: small: 8 µm e.g. granule cells in cerebellum large: 50 µm layer V motor cortical neurons largest: 200 µm Mauthner cell in fish brainstem size in inver ...
... main metabolic centre of neuron main (but not only) site of protein synthesis lots of mitochondria lots of endoplasmic reticulum size in vertebrates: small: 8 µm e.g. granule cells in cerebellum large: 50 µm layer V motor cortical neurons largest: 200 µm Mauthner cell in fish brainstem size in inver ...
neuroplasticity 2016
... terminals • The postsynaptic cells lose all or some of their synaptic inputs • Neurons like to maintain a moderate level of stimulation. Denervation removes this stimulation. ...
... terminals • The postsynaptic cells lose all or some of their synaptic inputs • Neurons like to maintain a moderate level of stimulation. Denervation removes this stimulation. ...
Circulatory System Directs blood from the heart to the rest of the
... 2. The nerve cell is stimulated by an electric current, change in pH, or a pinch, causing an action potential 3. Upon stimulation, Sodium gates in the nerve cell membrane open and sodium rushes into the cell. This rush of positive ions causes the cell’s charge to rise and spike (from -65mv to +40mv) ...
... 2. The nerve cell is stimulated by an electric current, change in pH, or a pinch, causing an action potential 3. Upon stimulation, Sodium gates in the nerve cell membrane open and sodium rushes into the cell. This rush of positive ions causes the cell’s charge to rise and spike (from -65mv to +40mv) ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.