Resting Potential
... equilibrium potentials of the individual ions along with their relative permeabilities is described quantitatively by the Goldman equation. Vm =58 log (Pk[K]out + PNa[Na]out + PCl[Cl]in)/ (Pk[K]in + PNa[Na]in + PCl[Cl]out) This equation is commonly written with relative permeabilities, with the perm ...
... equilibrium potentials of the individual ions along with their relative permeabilities is described quantitatively by the Goldman equation. Vm =58 log (Pk[K]out + PNa[Na]out + PCl[Cl]in)/ (Pk[K]in + PNa[Na]in + PCl[Cl]out) This equation is commonly written with relative permeabilities, with the perm ...
Sensory Organs
... Provide information to CNS on posture, orientation in space, pressure, etc. Fibers are heavily myelinated for rapid transmission. ...
... Provide information to CNS on posture, orientation in space, pressure, etc. Fibers are heavily myelinated for rapid transmission. ...
Name - IB Bio Y2
... reflexes, such as the knee jerk reflex, may still be active during brain death because they do not rely on brain activity. E.6.7 – Pain is perceived via ___________________________, which can sense extreme pain, pressure, or chemicals (both exogenous chemicals and chemical signals produced by the bo ...
... reflexes, such as the knee jerk reflex, may still be active during brain death because they do not rely on brain activity. E.6.7 – Pain is perceived via ___________________________, which can sense extreme pain, pressure, or chemicals (both exogenous chemicals and chemical signals produced by the bo ...
Sensation
... (cones) sensitive to red, blue and green. Experience of color is the result of mixing of the signals from these receptors (additive process) Cannot explain all aspects of color vision ...
... (cones) sensitive to red, blue and green. Experience of color is the result of mixing of the signals from these receptors (additive process) Cannot explain all aspects of color vision ...
chapter 4 note sheet
... Physical stimuli = mechanical, thermal, and chemical energy impinging on the skin. Receptive fields Pain receptors: free nerve endings in skin ...
... Physical stimuli = mechanical, thermal, and chemical energy impinging on the skin. Receptive fields Pain receptors: free nerve endings in skin ...
File
... Methods of Ion Transfer Across Axomembrane 1. Channel Protein Diffusion: this refers to the leakage of Na+ and K+ ions; 2. Active Transport – Na+/K+ Pump: moves ions against their conc. gradients to ‘reset’ neuron for another action potential (ie. re-creates steep gradients mentioned earlier); 3. ...
... Methods of Ion Transfer Across Axomembrane 1. Channel Protein Diffusion: this refers to the leakage of Na+ and K+ ions; 2. Active Transport – Na+/K+ Pump: moves ions against their conc. gradients to ‘reset’ neuron for another action potential (ie. re-creates steep gradients mentioned earlier); 3. ...
The Nervous System
... Depolarization. If graded potentials sum to -55mV a threshold potential is achieved. This triggers an action potential. Axons only. Fig. 48.8c ...
... Depolarization. If graded potentials sum to -55mV a threshold potential is achieved. This triggers an action potential. Axons only. Fig. 48.8c ...
Unit 2 The Brain
... – A. Axon-Cell Body-Dendrite – B. Dendrite – Axon – Cell Body – C. Cell Body – Axon – Dendrite – D. Dendrite – Cell Body – Axon – E. Axon – Dendrite - Axon ...
... – A. Axon-Cell Body-Dendrite – B. Dendrite – Axon – Cell Body – C. Cell Body – Axon – Dendrite – D. Dendrite – Cell Body – Axon – E. Axon – Dendrite - Axon ...
Biological Basis of behavior
... While the all-or-none law was initially applied to the muscles of the heart, it was later found that nerves and other muscles also respond to stimuli according to this principle. Authors Levitan and Kaczmarek explain, "The all-or-none law guarantees that once an action potential is generated it is ...
... While the all-or-none law was initially applied to the muscles of the heart, it was later found that nerves and other muscles also respond to stimuli according to this principle. Authors Levitan and Kaczmarek explain, "The all-or-none law guarantees that once an action potential is generated it is ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier
... Receptive field 2 is less common and is antagonistic for wavelength (blue vs. yellow) without being antagonistic for the location of the stimuli. Both are generated by neural processing in the retina. (C) In the auditory system, primary neurons are excited by single tones. The outline of this excita ...
... Receptive field 2 is less common and is antagonistic for wavelength (blue vs. yellow) without being antagonistic for the location of the stimuli. Both are generated by neural processing in the retina. (C) In the auditory system, primary neurons are excited by single tones. The outline of this excita ...
Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here
... inside of the membrane becomes less negative, or hyperpolarizations, in which the inside of the membrane becomes more negatively charged. 4. Graded potentials are short-lived local changes in membrane potentials, can either be depolarizations or hyperpolarizations, and are critical to the generation ...
... inside of the membrane becomes less negative, or hyperpolarizations, in which the inside of the membrane becomes more negatively charged. 4. Graded potentials are short-lived local changes in membrane potentials, can either be depolarizations or hyperpolarizations, and are critical to the generation ...
Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here
... inside of the membrane becomes less negative, or hyperpolarizations, in which the inside of the membrane becomes more negatively charged. 4. Graded potentials are short-lived local changes in membrane potentials, can either be depolarizations or hyperpolarizations, and are critical to the generation ...
... inside of the membrane becomes less negative, or hyperpolarizations, in which the inside of the membrane becomes more negatively charged. 4. Graded potentials are short-lived local changes in membrane potentials, can either be depolarizations or hyperpolarizations, and are critical to the generation ...
Chapter 2 quiz level - easy topic: neurons
... 2) The human brain contains somewhere between ________ and ________ neurons. A) 10 billion; 100 billion B) 10 million; 20 million C) 50 million; 100 million D) 2 trillion; 5 trillion ...
... 2) The human brain contains somewhere between ________ and ________ neurons. A) 10 billion; 100 billion B) 10 million; 20 million C) 50 million; 100 million D) 2 trillion; 5 trillion ...
The nervous system
... the cells to one another, to centers throughout the body or to other neurons. These neurons operate on excitation or inhibition and although nerve cells can vary in size and location their communication with one another determines their function. These nerves conduct impulses from sensory receptors ...
... the cells to one another, to centers throughout the body or to other neurons. These neurons operate on excitation or inhibition and although nerve cells can vary in size and location their communication with one another determines their function. These nerves conduct impulses from sensory receptors ...
File - BHS AP Psychology
... stubbed toe) that allows neural impulses to travel down an axon from node to node rather than more slowly along an axon that lacks this insulation. __________ Point 8: Neurotransmitter: Students should explain that neurotransmitters are released in response to an action potential and these neurotran ...
... stubbed toe) that allows neural impulses to travel down an axon from node to node rather than more slowly along an axon that lacks this insulation. __________ Point 8: Neurotransmitter: Students should explain that neurotransmitters are released in response to an action potential and these neurotran ...
Glossary
... Left-right imbalances between the cerebral hemispheres in the speed of visual or auditory processing. ...
... Left-right imbalances between the cerebral hemispheres in the speed of visual or auditory processing. ...
Structure of the Brain PowerPoint Notes
... place segment by segment as they move down the length of the axon • ____________________ – if an action potential starts at the beginning of the axon, the action potential will continue at the same speed segment to segment to the very end of the axon Sending information – ___________________________ ...
... place segment by segment as they move down the length of the axon • ____________________ – if an action potential starts at the beginning of the axon, the action potential will continue at the same speed segment to segment to the very end of the axon Sending information – ___________________________ ...
the nervous system - Miss Gleason`s Science
... Zoloft is part of a class of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs for short. SSRIs act on a specific chemical within the brain known as serotonin. This is one of several chemicals used to send messages from one nerve cell to another. ...
... Zoloft is part of a class of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs for short. SSRIs act on a specific chemical within the brain known as serotonin. This is one of several chemicals used to send messages from one nerve cell to another. ...
Note 11
... Stimulus Receptor endocrine gland Blood target organ response - Hormones are produced by ductless gland (known as endocrine gland) and secreted into the blood capillary (its secretion will increase when there is a specific stimulation) - Blood carries the hormones around the body - Specifi ...
... Stimulus Receptor endocrine gland Blood target organ response - Hormones are produced by ductless gland (known as endocrine gland) and secreted into the blood capillary (its secretion will increase when there is a specific stimulation) - Blood carries the hormones around the body - Specifi ...
The Nervous System
... Sensory Neurons (a.k.a. Afferent Neurons) carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS. Motor Neurons (a.k.a. Efferent Neurons) carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands. Interneurons connect the two neurons (between). ...
... Sensory Neurons (a.k.a. Afferent Neurons) carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS. Motor Neurons (a.k.a. Efferent Neurons) carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands. Interneurons connect the two neurons (between). ...
Neurons and Neurotransmitters
... Threshold: refers to the minimal level of stimulation required for a neural impulse to fire. ...
... Threshold: refers to the minimal level of stimulation required for a neural impulse to fire. ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.