COMMUNICATION IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM UNIT THREE
... The neural pathway involved in the reaction time experiment involves a series of neural processes. Catching the ruler begins with the eye watching the ruler in anticipation of it falling. After the ruler is dropped, the eye sends a message to the visual cortex, which perceives that the ruler has fal ...
... The neural pathway involved in the reaction time experiment involves a series of neural processes. Catching the ruler begins with the eye watching the ruler in anticipation of it falling. After the ruler is dropped, the eye sends a message to the visual cortex, which perceives that the ruler has fal ...
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR
... Acoustic energy, in the form of sound waves, is channeled into the ear canal by the pinna. Sound waves strike the tympanic membrane, causing it to vibrate like a drum, and changing it into mechanical energy. The malleus, which is attached to the tympanic membrane, starts the ossicles into motion. (T ...
... Acoustic energy, in the form of sound waves, is channeled into the ear canal by the pinna. Sound waves strike the tympanic membrane, causing it to vibrate like a drum, and changing it into mechanical energy. The malleus, which is attached to the tympanic membrane, starts the ossicles into motion. (T ...
The Nervous System
... AFFERENT FIBERS- nerve fibers that conduct impulses toward the CNS. EFFERENT FIBERS- nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the CNS. SOMATIC - on or relating to the wall of the body or the framework of the body and not to the viscera; i.e., relating to the skin and the skeletal muscles. VISCER ...
... AFFERENT FIBERS- nerve fibers that conduct impulses toward the CNS. EFFERENT FIBERS- nerve fibers that conduct impulses away from the CNS. SOMATIC - on or relating to the wall of the body or the framework of the body and not to the viscera; i.e., relating to the skin and the skeletal muscles. VISCER ...
Case Studies in a Physiology Course on the Autonomic Nervous
... triggered following the activation of the alpha1-receptor involves the activation of PLC, a subsequent increase of IP3 and the resulting Ca2+-efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 2. Blockage of alpha1-receptors is a therapeutic approach to be considered. 3. Key collateral effects are the feeling ...
... triggered following the activation of the alpha1-receptor involves the activation of PLC, a subsequent increase of IP3 and the resulting Ca2+-efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 2. Blockage of alpha1-receptors is a therapeutic approach to be considered. 3. Key collateral effects are the feeling ...
ANATOMY – study of the parts of the body PHYSIOLOGY – function
... together to perform a specific, related function • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Digestive • Respiratory • Circulatory • Excretory • Nervous • Endocrine • Reproductive Tissue Repair PRIMARY REPAIR • Takes place in a clean wound where infection is not present • New epithelial cells push thems ...
... together to perform a specific, related function • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Digestive • Respiratory • Circulatory • Excretory • Nervous • Endocrine • Reproductive Tissue Repair PRIMARY REPAIR • Takes place in a clean wound where infection is not present • New epithelial cells push thems ...
endocrine system
... inner white stuff—axons linking parts of the brain. 180+ billion glial cells, which feed and protect neurons and assist neural transmission. ...
... inner white stuff—axons linking parts of the brain. 180+ billion glial cells, which feed and protect neurons and assist neural transmission. ...
Motor Systems - University of Sunderland
... – SS use oxidative metabolism, are weak, do not appear to fatigue, have a role in maintaining posture. – FR are fatigue-resistant, use both oxidative and nonoxidative enzymes, are stronger, and their motoneurons have intermediate input resistance and rheobase (current threshold for initiating a spik ...
... – SS use oxidative metabolism, are weak, do not appear to fatigue, have a role in maintaining posture. – FR are fatigue-resistant, use both oxidative and nonoxidative enzymes, are stronger, and their motoneurons have intermediate input resistance and rheobase (current threshold for initiating a spik ...
doc neuro chap 13, 14, 15, 16, 18
... Classes of neurones (classified according to how their axons and dendrites leave the soma) Multipolar: have one axon and many dendrites attached to its soma. Several dendrites allow for integration of a great of information. The most common form of neuron in the CNS Bipolar: 2 processes leaving the ...
... Classes of neurones (classified according to how their axons and dendrites leave the soma) Multipolar: have one axon and many dendrites attached to its soma. Several dendrites allow for integration of a great of information. The most common form of neuron in the CNS Bipolar: 2 processes leaving the ...
Turning neurons into a nervous system
... multiple climbing fibers that contact the immature Purkinje cell. Only one climbing fiber will innervate the mature neuron. If climbing fibers are inefficiently removed in mouse mutants, or if they are synchronously activated, the multiplanar tree is not remodeled. Dendritic trees form under two bro ...
... multiple climbing fibers that contact the immature Purkinje cell. Only one climbing fiber will innervate the mature neuron. If climbing fibers are inefficiently removed in mouse mutants, or if they are synchronously activated, the multiplanar tree is not remodeled. Dendritic trees form under two bro ...
The auditory pathway: Levels of integration of information and
... This paper addresses anatomical, physiological and neurochemical aspects of the central auditory pathway (CAP), from the inner ear, the brainstem and the thalamus to the temporal auditory cortex AC). The characteristics of the spiral ganglion of Corti (SGC), the auditory nerve (AN), the cochlear nuc ...
... This paper addresses anatomical, physiological and neurochemical aspects of the central auditory pathway (CAP), from the inner ear, the brainstem and the thalamus to the temporal auditory cortex AC). The characteristics of the spiral ganglion of Corti (SGC), the auditory nerve (AN), the cochlear nuc ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – PARASYMPATHETIC
... • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate ...
... • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – PARASYMPATHETIC
... • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate • Causes bronchial constriction Sacral outflow (S2-4): form pelvic splanchnic nerves ...
... • Stimulates digestive glands • Increases motility of smooth muscle of digestive tract • Decreases heart rate • Causes bronchial constriction Sacral outflow (S2-4): form pelvic splanchnic nerves ...
Special Senses
... The wall of the eyeball consists of three layers or tunics: 1. The fibrous tunic is the outer layer and is composed of the sclera (“white” of the eye) and the cornea (the transparent epithelium the protects the front of the eye) ...
... The wall of the eyeball consists of three layers or tunics: 1. The fibrous tunic is the outer layer and is composed of the sclera (“white” of the eye) and the cornea (the transparent epithelium the protects the front of the eye) ...
Brain, Body, and Behavior
... Each nerve cell is separate from the others The body of the neuron has fibers sticking out from it Short fibers are called dendrites Look like branches Axons carry the message from the cell to other ...
... Each nerve cell is separate from the others The body of the neuron has fibers sticking out from it Short fibers are called dendrites Look like branches Axons carry the message from the cell to other ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... noradrenaline e.g. sweat glands & blood vessels in skeletal muscles are exceptions and release Ach. In addition: ...
... noradrenaline e.g. sweat glands & blood vessels in skeletal muscles are exceptions and release Ach. In addition: ...
A Computer Simulation of Olfactory Cortex with Functional
... the fiber systems are modifiable in an activity-dependent fashion (Fig. 2). The basic modification rule in each case is Hebb-like; i.e. change in synaptic strength is proportional to presynaptic activity multiplied by the offset of the postsynaptic membrane potential from a baseline potential. This ...
... the fiber systems are modifiable in an activity-dependent fashion (Fig. 2). The basic modification rule in each case is Hebb-like; i.e. change in synaptic strength is proportional to presynaptic activity multiplied by the offset of the postsynaptic membrane potential from a baseline potential. This ...
The Special Senses
... and olfaction (smell) Their chemoreceptors respond to chemicals in aqueous solution Taste – to substances dissolved in saliva Smell – to substances dissolved in fluids of the nasal membranes ...
... and olfaction (smell) Their chemoreceptors respond to chemicals in aqueous solution Taste – to substances dissolved in saliva Smell – to substances dissolved in fluids of the nasal membranes ...
HveC (nectin-1) is expressed at high levels in sensory neurons, but
... domain) that contain seven potential glycosylation sites (Lopez et al, 1995). This family of proteins with similar structure, which in addition to HveB, HveC, and HveD include the poliovirus receptor (PVR or CD155), function in development as homophilic cell adhesion molecules. The intracellular car ...
... domain) that contain seven potential glycosylation sites (Lopez et al, 1995). This family of proteins with similar structure, which in addition to HveB, HveC, and HveD include the poliovirus receptor (PVR or CD155), function in development as homophilic cell adhesion molecules. The intracellular car ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.