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... of disc cells express the proneural gene atonal (ato), which is required for eye development, so what restricts the R8 potential to single cells? On p. 4071, Pepple and co-workers propose a new two-step model to explain this mysterious process. The researchers show that ectopic R8s develop from R2 a ...
... of disc cells express the proneural gene atonal (ato), which is required for eye development, so what restricts the R8 potential to single cells? On p. 4071, Pepple and co-workers propose a new two-step model to explain this mysterious process. The researchers show that ectopic R8s develop from R2 a ...
reverse engineering of the visual system using networks of spiking
... processing in the visual system has raised questions about the viability of such a scheme[3]. For example, in a scene classification task, monkeys can have behavioural reaction times that can be as short as 180 ms. If one subtracts roughly 80 ms for initiating and executing the motor response, this ...
... processing in the visual system has raised questions about the viability of such a scheme[3]. For example, in a scene classification task, monkeys can have behavioural reaction times that can be as short as 180 ms. If one subtracts roughly 80 ms for initiating and executing the motor response, this ...
The olfactory nerve: A shortcut for influenza viruses into the CNS
... Influenza virus infections cause primarily respiratory disease in humans, with central nervous system (CNS) disease as the most common extra-respiratory complication. The pathogenesis of influenza virus induced CNS disease and the mechanism how influenza viruses enter the CNS is poorly understood. O ...
... Influenza virus infections cause primarily respiratory disease in humans, with central nervous system (CNS) disease as the most common extra-respiratory complication. The pathogenesis of influenza virus induced CNS disease and the mechanism how influenza viruses enter the CNS is poorly understood. O ...
Text S1.
... process through long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). It is assumed that these synaptic weights have been set through repeated presentations of p different stimuli in random sequences. This scenario leads to the recurrent connections between cells within the same selective sub ...
... process through long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). It is assumed that these synaptic weights have been set through repeated presentations of p different stimuli in random sequences. This scenario leads to the recurrent connections between cells within the same selective sub ...
Neural Development
... BRAIN DEVELOPMENT. The human brain and nervous system begin to develop at three weeks’ gestation as the closing neural tube (left). By four weeks, major regions of the human brain can be recognized in primitive form, including the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and optic vesicle (from which the ey ...
... BRAIN DEVELOPMENT. The human brain and nervous system begin to develop at three weeks’ gestation as the closing neural tube (left). By four weeks, major regions of the human brain can be recognized in primitive form, including the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and optic vesicle (from which the ey ...
lecture i - Tripod.com
... - light stikes conformational change rhodopsin splits into retinene and opsin changes in membrane potential and now enzymes reform rhodopsin… - when rhodopsin made = rhodopsin split eyes are adapted to environment - sensitivity of retina depends on rhodopsin concentration (dep. on amount o ...
... - light stikes conformational change rhodopsin splits into retinene and opsin changes in membrane potential and now enzymes reform rhodopsin… - when rhodopsin made = rhodopsin split eyes are adapted to environment - sensitivity of retina depends on rhodopsin concentration (dep. on amount o ...
Exam 3: Friday Oct 20
... neurons of the somatic nervous system Axons of these neurons travel in nerves to muscle cells Axons of motor neurons branch profusely as they enter muscles Each axonal branch forms a neuromuscular junction with a single muscle fiber ...
... neurons of the somatic nervous system Axons of these neurons travel in nerves to muscle cells Axons of motor neurons branch profusely as they enter muscles Each axonal branch forms a neuromuscular junction with a single muscle fiber ...
Photo Album
... source in the azimuthal (horizontal) plane. Adapted with permission from Carr and Konishi, 1988. ...
... source in the azimuthal (horizontal) plane. Adapted with permission from Carr and Konishi, 1988. ...
Olfaction
... The olfactory system of the mouse contains about 1400 different receptor proteins. Each receptor neuron expresses just one protein. ...
... The olfactory system of the mouse contains about 1400 different receptor proteins. Each receptor neuron expresses just one protein. ...
10. The Nervous System: Making Sense
... system organises and coordinates our mental, emotional and physical processes. It organises what we think and how we behave. Our nervous system is a massive communication network divided into the central nervous system (CNS) – the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system. The job of t ...
... system organises and coordinates our mental, emotional and physical processes. It organises what we think and how we behave. Our nervous system is a massive communication network divided into the central nervous system (CNS) – the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system. The job of t ...
Brain Lecture - Scott County Schools
... branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands • c. The Soma = the Cell body – its function is to support the cell. At the center is the nucleus ...
... branching terminal fibers, through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands • c. The Soma = the Cell body – its function is to support the cell. At the center is the nucleus ...
PPT
... Light transduction • Light is detected by retinal Rhodopsin (from rods) is a combination of retinal, the lightabsorbing molecule, and a large protein called opsin. The opsins are closely related in structure to the Gprotein-coupled receptors. Fig 15-9 ...
... Light transduction • Light is detected by retinal Rhodopsin (from rods) is a combination of retinal, the lightabsorbing molecule, and a large protein called opsin. The opsins are closely related in structure to the Gprotein-coupled receptors. Fig 15-9 ...
Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here
... preganglionic neuron, resides in the spinal cord, and synapses with a second neuron, the postganglionic neuron, reside within an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. 4. The neurotransmitter released by the somatic motor neurons is acetylcholine, which always has an excitatory effect; the neurotransmi ...
... preganglionic neuron, resides in the spinal cord, and synapses with a second neuron, the postganglionic neuron, reside within an autonomic ganglion outside the CNS. 4. The neurotransmitter released by the somatic motor neurons is acetylcholine, which always has an excitatory effect; the neurotransmi ...
JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN
... 1. The majority of neurons encode their activations or outputs as a series of brief electrical pulses (i.e. spikes or action potentials). 2. The neuron’s cell body (soma) processes the incoming activations and converts them into output activations. 3. The neuron’s nucleus contains the genetic materi ...
... 1. The majority of neurons encode their activations or outputs as a series of brief electrical pulses (i.e. spikes or action potentials). 2. The neuron’s cell body (soma) processes the incoming activations and converts them into output activations. 3. The neuron’s nucleus contains the genetic materi ...
Nervous System 2
... • The nervous system of the grasshopper is similar to that of the earthworm. • The CNS is made up of a brain in the head region, nerve cords that run the length of the body, and ganglia. • Peripheral nerves branch from the ganglia to all other parts of the body. • Sense organs of the grasshopper are ...
... • The nervous system of the grasshopper is similar to that of the earthworm. • The CNS is made up of a brain in the head region, nerve cords that run the length of the body, and ganglia. • Peripheral nerves branch from the ganglia to all other parts of the body. • Sense organs of the grasshopper are ...
Behavioral Neuroscience
... The cerebral cortex For convenience sake, each hemisphere of the brain is often subdivided into four different lobes—or four different geographic regions. The cerebral cortex provides many functions for the body—some of these functions have been “localized” (i.e., the particular part of the cor ...
... The cerebral cortex For convenience sake, each hemisphere of the brain is often subdivided into four different lobes—or four different geographic regions. The cerebral cortex provides many functions for the body—some of these functions have been “localized” (i.e., the particular part of the cor ...
European Neuroscience Conference for Doctoral Students
... views of hippocampus, the changes in firing patterns of hippocampal neurons occurring during learning, the existence of “time cells” that fire at specific time points during a task, etc. To do so, Dr. Eichenbaum laboratory has adopted a multidisciplinary point of view, using disparate techniques, su ...
... views of hippocampus, the changes in firing patterns of hippocampal neurons occurring during learning, the existence of “time cells” that fire at specific time points during a task, etc. To do so, Dr. Eichenbaum laboratory has adopted a multidisciplinary point of view, using disparate techniques, su ...
Biological_Neuroscience
... 1. Damage to the Broca’s area in the left cerebral hemisphere on the brain would likely result in which of the following? (A) A repetition of the speech of others (B) A loss of ability to speak (C) A loss of the ability to comprehend speech (D) A loss of in the ability to comprehend speech (E) An in ...
... 1. Damage to the Broca’s area in the left cerebral hemisphere on the brain would likely result in which of the following? (A) A repetition of the speech of others (B) A loss of ability to speak (C) A loss of the ability to comprehend speech (D) A loss of in the ability to comprehend speech (E) An in ...
Unit 3 - Biological Bases - Bearcat Social Studies Corner
... 1. Damage to the Broca’s area in the left cerebral hemisphere on the brain would likely result in which of the following? (A) A repetition of the speech of others (B) A loss of ability to speak (C) A loss of the ability to comprehend speech (D) A loss of in the ability to comprehend speech (E) An in ...
... 1. Damage to the Broca’s area in the left cerebral hemisphere on the brain would likely result in which of the following? (A) A repetition of the speech of others (B) A loss of ability to speak (C) A loss of the ability to comprehend speech (D) A loss of in the ability to comprehend speech (E) An in ...
CHARLES UNIVERSITY
... In the present studies, there is a tendency to investigate the role of NMDA/NOS system in epileptiform activity (Schuchmann, 2002). NMDA receptor is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. These receptors when tonically activated can trigger an excessive increase in intracellular calcium; ...
... In the present studies, there is a tendency to investigate the role of NMDA/NOS system in epileptiform activity (Schuchmann, 2002). NMDA receptor is a specific type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. These receptors when tonically activated can trigger an excessive increase in intracellular calcium; ...
Anatomy Questions 3/2/16 1. The dorsal gray horns of the spinal
... iv. It controls specific involuntary somatic motor activities a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 4 c. 1, 2, and 3 d. All of the above e. None of the above 4. Non-fluent aphasia is a condition in which the patient has difficulty formulating spoken words. People affected by this disorder can usually understand langu ...
... iv. It controls specific involuntary somatic motor activities a. 1 and 3 b. 2 and 4 c. 1, 2, and 3 d. All of the above e. None of the above 4. Non-fluent aphasia is a condition in which the patient has difficulty formulating spoken words. People affected by this disorder can usually understand langu ...
23 Comp Review 1
... they are attracted to the negative charges. • This is what keeps K+ from just leaving the cell until it is in equal numbers on both sides of the cell. Before it can reach such an equilibrium, it gets pulled back into the cell because its positive charges are drawn into the inside of the cell, where ...
... they are attracted to the negative charges. • This is what keeps K+ from just leaving the cell until it is in equal numbers on both sides of the cell. Before it can reach such an equilibrium, it gets pulled back into the cell because its positive charges are drawn into the inside of the cell, where ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.