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August Salvia Abuse
August Salvia Abuse

... young adults in our program have reported using "salvia" during clinical interviews about their drug use history. Typically the user has a history with marijuana, alcohol, pills and other drugs. What has always been interesting though is that more often than not the salvia user would only try it onc ...
Drug Testing 101 Trust No One!
Drug Testing 101 Trust No One!

... here's a tip to all of you who give supervised UAs to female clients; Make them use a "hat" (a device that fits over the toilet seat to catch the urine) and keep both hands up in the air. I faked pee tests myself for 2 years at a major outpatient treatment facility by inserting a small bottle of cle ...
Central Nervous System Depressants. Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic
Central Nervous System Depressants. Anticonvulsants (Antiepileptic

... • Check with physician before taking any other medications, including OTC medications. • It may take 2 to 3 weeks to notice improved sleep when taking barbiturates. • Abruptly stopping these medications, especially barbiturates, may cause rebound insomnia. ...
AK_NEDMDG_2010_Final - New England Drug Metabolism
AK_NEDMDG_2010_Final - New England Drug Metabolism

... Effect of deuteration of atazanavir on half-life, Cmax and AUC  In human liver microsomes, the deuterated analog of the antiviral atazanavir (CTP-518) showed an approximately 50% increase in half life compared with atazanavir. ...
1 - PBL Group 14
1 - PBL Group 14

... These channels open when the cell membrane is depolarised. They form a very important group because they underlie the mechanism of membrane excitability. The most important channels in this group are selective sodium, potassium or calcium channels. Ligand-gated channels These are activated by bindin ...
Multi-target therapeutics - Corporate-ir
Multi-target therapeutics - Corporate-ir

... Disease systems are characterized by the dysregulation of biological pathways, and it is challenging to identify drugs with molecular targets that can restore the healthy state of an individual when modulated in isolation. Disease-causing dysregulation of cellular processes can result from genetic m ...
Impact of HTS on Multidetection Microplate Readers and Benefits
Impact of HTS on Multidetection Microplate Readers and Benefits

... the technical ability to test thousands upon thousands of potential drug compounds against a specific target, it is likely that some compounds will interact with the target in a positive manner. Playing this numbers game quickly and efficiently is vital as our aging population faces increased incide ...
Frequently Asked Questions
Frequently Asked Questions

... immunodeficiency virus or acquired immune deficiency syndrome and cancer are excluded from the PDL PA process which is based on a drug’s non-preferred status, however they may be subject to a clinical PA requirement ensuring appropriate use of the medication being requested. 16. Why do some preferre ...
Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine (Buprenex) in Rodents
Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine (Buprenex) in Rodents

...  At higher doses it is associated with pica (eating of substances without any nutritional value, usually bedding), especially in rats.  Due to the small size of most rodents (i.e. mice and rats) and the concentration of the original drug it might need to be diluted before administration for improv ...
D rug Prescribing in Manitoba: How Appropriate is it?
D rug Prescribing in Manitoba: How Appropriate is it?

... was used in our study, are seldom all-inclusive. For example, in deciding which drugs to use to prevent heart attack, physicians consider a variety of risk factors, including things like lifestyle, obesity, and smoking. Such information is not part of the data available to us. When a patient stops t ...
ontwenningssyndromen JGZ
ontwenningssyndromen JGZ

... • Around 50% of all pregnancies in Western world are UNPLANNED • ‘Baseline risk’ - in general population for major congenital malformation is 1-3% • A teratogen is an agent that may have harmful effects on the developing fetus ...
Using the BNF
Using the BNF

... • Dose adjustment in liver disease is more contentious than renal impairment since liver may retain large amounts of its metabolising capacity despite very deranged LFTS •Liver disease may alter response to drugs so prescribing should be kept to a minimum • •Hepatic metabolism is one of main routes ...
Poster
Poster

... Activation of the metabotropic GABAB receptor by GABA influences neuronal activity by coupling with G proteins to activate a signaling cascade that leads to downstream effects including the modulation of various ion channels. The GABAB receptor is a dimer composed of two different subunits (GBR1 and ...
The Role of Cheminformatics in the Modern Drug Discovery Process
The Role of Cheminformatics in the Modern Drug Discovery Process

... Cleaning the data - neutralizing, removing counterions, smaller parts, duplicates ...
Common Drug Interactions Leading to Adverse Drug
Common Drug Interactions Leading to Adverse Drug

... toxicity.15-18 Another clinically significant interaction can occur between linezolid and rifampin. Serum concentrations of linezolid, which is not metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, have been decreased when used in combination with rifampin; this interaction may be due to the inducti ...
The Use of Propensity Scores and Instrumental Variable Methods to Adjust For Treatment Selection Bias
The Use of Propensity Scores and Instrumental Variable Methods to Adjust For Treatment Selection Bias

... estimate the effect of treatment on the outcome. A special issue of Health Service Research (HSR 2000: 35 [5]) has an overview of IV by McClellan and Newhouse. For the study example presented here, prescriber patterns in the preceding year was used as the IV) because it was hypothesized that prescri ...
Drug Receptors
Drug Receptors

... Drugs act on the cell membrane by physical and/or chemical interactionsusually through specific drug receptor sites known to be located on the membrane. Some receptor sites have been identified with specific parts of proteins and nucleic acids. In most cases, the chemical nature of the receptor site ...
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES
COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

... Vitamin K1 is the drug of choice as anti-hemorrhagic because …… ...
PowerPoint ****
PowerPoint ****

...  Aptamers are oligonucleotides, such as RNA and single-strand ...
Psychopharmacology - Ohio State University
Psychopharmacology - Ohio State University

... This potentiation of GABA produces the sedative, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant and cognition-impairing effects. ...
PENICILLIN G
PENICILLIN G

... form produce peak serum levels at 24 h. less than 30% of an oral dose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • The Drug Listing Act of 1972 requires registered drug establishments to provide the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with a current list of all drugs manufactured, prepared, propagated, compounded, or processed by it for commercial distribution. (See Section 510 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Co ...
Stages and Techniques
Stages and Techniques

... Requires injection (IM or IV) Pharmacokinetics – ADME ...
lf you`re fqking rhis drug, don`t eql fhot
lf you`re fqking rhis drug, don`t eql fhot

... coordinoted; when it's mixed with certoin drugs, those effects con be mognified. Even worse, certoin drug-olcohol combos con increose the chonce of serious side effects, such qs internol bleeding, difficulty breothing, ond heori problems. And though olcohol might moke o drug less effective, il con o ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)

... water intake is not known, however, it may be due to the some chemical constituents of the administered drug (painkil tablet). The work by Dworkin et al., (2003) observed that some of the analgesic drugs have some side effects like gastro intestinal upset, digestion, itching and dizziness which mayb ...
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Drug design



Drug design, sometimes referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the biomolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. Finally, drug design that relies on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biomolecular target is known as structure-based drug design. In addition to small molecules, biopharmaceuticals and especially therapeutic antibodies are an increasingly important class of drugs and computational methods for improving the affinity, selectivity, and stability of these protein-based therapeutics have also been developed.The phrase ""drug design"" is to some extent a misnomer. A more accurate term is ligand design (i.e., design of a molecule that will bind tightly to its target). Although design techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful, there are many other properties, such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, side effects, etc., that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and efficacious drug. These other characteristics are often difficult to predict with rational design techniques. Nevertheless, due to high attrition rates, especially during clinical phases of drug development, more attention is being focused early in the drug design process on selecting candidate drugs whose physicochemical properties are predicted to result in fewer complications during development and hence more likely to lead to an approved, marketed drug. Furthermore, in vitro experiments complemented with computation methods are increasingly used in early drug discovery to select compounds with more favorable ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and toxicological profiles.
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