Biological Implementation of the Temporal Difference Algorithm for
... problem of temporal credit assignment. A point I come back to is that the trace mechanism has the advantage that it is local to the particular synapses that are important for acquiring the reward. The problem of temporal credit assignment warrants some review (cf. Houk, 2005). Synaptic inputs act im ...
... problem of temporal credit assignment. A point I come back to is that the trace mechanism has the advantage that it is local to the particular synapses that are important for acquiring the reward. The problem of temporal credit assignment warrants some review (cf. Houk, 2005). Synaptic inputs act im ...
110 ~W~U~~ ~~~\W(Q)(UJ~
... When your hand jerks back suddenly and involuntarily from a hot stove before you are even aware that you have burned yourself, you are using a neural pathway called a "spinal reflex arc." It includes a receptor, a sensory neuron, at least one synapse in the spinal cord, and a motor neuron. Each sens ...
... When your hand jerks back suddenly and involuntarily from a hot stove before you are even aware that you have burned yourself, you are using a neural pathway called a "spinal reflex arc." It includes a receptor, a sensory neuron, at least one synapse in the spinal cord, and a motor neuron. Each sens ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM: NEURAL TISSUE
... • Soma8c nervous system • Visceral nervous system (Autonomic nervous ...
... • Soma8c nervous system • Visceral nervous system (Autonomic nervous ...
Keshara Senanayake Page # 1 -an individual nerve cells is called
... can flow and more channel farther down the axon are opened, and the action potential continues along the axon -as wave of (+) charge passes a given point, the resting potential is restored as K+ flows out -action potentials are "all or none" reach threshold = only way for action potential >synaptic ...
... can flow and more channel farther down the axon are opened, and the action potential continues along the axon -as wave of (+) charge passes a given point, the resting potential is restored as K+ flows out -action potentials are "all or none" reach threshold = only way for action potential >synaptic ...
Click here to get the file
... A) Visual input => unique round place fields, because the distances to the walls are unique (no multipeaks) B) Olfactory input => place fields not round, because input is complex (gradients not well structured) C) Combined input is a mixture of both ...
... A) Visual input => unique round place fields, because the distances to the walls are unique (no multipeaks) B) Olfactory input => place fields not round, because input is complex (gradients not well structured) C) Combined input is a mixture of both ...
Chapter 12 – The Nervous System ()
... Between impulses the neuron goes into a brief resting state which is called the refractory period. This lasts for only about 0.001 s. ...
... Between impulses the neuron goes into a brief resting state which is called the refractory period. This lasts for only about 0.001 s. ...
Neuron Anatomy
... • Bidirectional transfer of information. • Pre- and postsynaptic cell membranes are in close apposition to each other, separated only by gap junctions. - Ions can flow through these gap junctions, providing low-resistance pathway for ion flow between cells without leakage to the extracellular space. ...
... • Bidirectional transfer of information. • Pre- and postsynaptic cell membranes are in close apposition to each other, separated only by gap junctions. - Ions can flow through these gap junctions, providing low-resistance pathway for ion flow between cells without leakage to the extracellular space. ...
sensory overload - Saint Michael`s College
... airplane engines often generate noises between 90 and 140 decibels that can lead to irreversible hearing loss after only a few minutes of exposure. Neurons can’t cope with this kind of excessive excitation. Unlike muscle tissue, they have no energy reserves or alternative energy resources. In many h ...
... airplane engines often generate noises between 90 and 140 decibels that can lead to irreversible hearing loss after only a few minutes of exposure. Neurons can’t cope with this kind of excessive excitation. Unlike muscle tissue, they have no energy reserves or alternative energy resources. In many h ...
Jürgen R. Schwarz
... which are responsible for fast communication between nerve cells. Action potentials have a short duration and are generated by a transient influx of Na+ and a delayed outflow of K+ through voltage-gated ion channels. In addition to these canonical ion channels, nerve cells are equipped with a large ...
... which are responsible for fast communication between nerve cells. Action potentials have a short duration and are generated by a transient influx of Na+ and a delayed outflow of K+ through voltage-gated ion channels. In addition to these canonical ion channels, nerve cells are equipped with a large ...
Document
... • The action potential is a wave of transient depolarization that travels along the neuron and particularly the axon • Depolarization causes voltage sensitive ion channels to open to propagate depolarization – Na+ flows inward (sodium current) – K+ flows outward (potassium current) • Myelin and Node ...
... • The action potential is a wave of transient depolarization that travels along the neuron and particularly the axon • Depolarization causes voltage sensitive ion channels to open to propagate depolarization – Na+ flows inward (sodium current) – K+ flows outward (potassium current) • Myelin and Node ...
Leech Heart CPG
... Due to their reciprocally inhibitory synapses the pair of HN(3) neurons can produce oscillations (Fig 4, B). This is the smallest group of cells that can produce oscillations and hence are called the elemental oscillator (Fig 4, C). The HN(4) neurons are also considered as an elemental or half-cente ...
... Due to their reciprocally inhibitory synapses the pair of HN(3) neurons can produce oscillations (Fig 4, B). This is the smallest group of cells that can produce oscillations and hence are called the elemental oscillator (Fig 4, C). The HN(4) neurons are also considered as an elemental or half-cente ...
slides
... Both of these increase the level of serotonin, and thus (usually) improve mood Mood disorders are often triggered or exacerbated by environment—stress, life events Thus, scientists also look for genes that might impact response to stress as well ...
... Both of these increase the level of serotonin, and thus (usually) improve mood Mood disorders are often triggered or exacerbated by environment—stress, life events Thus, scientists also look for genes that might impact response to stress as well ...
Human Anatomy - Fisiokinesiterapia
... Electrical synapses are not very common in mammals. In humans, these synapses occur primarily between smooth muscle cells where quick, uniform innervation is essential. Electrical synapses are also located in cardiac muscle. ...
... Electrical synapses are not very common in mammals. In humans, these synapses occur primarily between smooth muscle cells where quick, uniform innervation is essential. Electrical synapses are also located in cardiac muscle. ...
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley&O'Loughlin
... Electrical synapses are not very common in mammals. In humans, these synapses occur primarily between smooth muscle cells where quick, uniform innervation is essential. Electrical synapses are also located in cardiac muscle. ...
... Electrical synapses are not very common in mammals. In humans, these synapses occur primarily between smooth muscle cells where quick, uniform innervation is essential. Electrical synapses are also located in cardiac muscle. ...
PowerPoint version
... electrical charge inside and outside a neuron membrane that enables the cell to transmit a signal? a. charges that pull sodium and potassium through the membrane b. opening of sodium and potassium channels in the membrane. c. the myelin sheath, which prevents ions from entering or leaving. d. transp ...
... electrical charge inside and outside a neuron membrane that enables the cell to transmit a signal? a. charges that pull sodium and potassium through the membrane b. opening of sodium and potassium channels in the membrane. c. the myelin sheath, which prevents ions from entering or leaving. d. transp ...
nervous system development and histology
... most sensory neurons are unipolar, a few are bipolar• Motor (efferent) neurons – • transmit motor information from the CNS to effectors (muscles/glands/adipose • tissue) in the periphery of the body all are multipolar• Association (interneurons) –• transmit information between neurons within the CNS ...
... most sensory neurons are unipolar, a few are bipolar• Motor (efferent) neurons – • transmit motor information from the CNS to effectors (muscles/glands/adipose • tissue) in the periphery of the body all are multipolar• Association (interneurons) –• transmit information between neurons within the CNS ...
Autonomic Nervous System ANS - Anderson School District One
... αlpha & βeta Receptors • α1 & β1 produce excitation when activated • α2 & β2 receptors cause inhibition of effector tissues • β3 found only on cells of brown adipose where activation causes thermogenesis (heat production) ...
... αlpha & βeta Receptors • α1 & β1 produce excitation when activated • α2 & β2 receptors cause inhibition of effector tissues • β3 found only on cells of brown adipose where activation causes thermogenesis (heat production) ...
∂ u /∂ t = u(x,t) +∫ w(x,y)f(u(y,t)) + I(x) + L(x)
... A honeybee may forage on 1,000s of flowers for nectar and pollen in its lifetime. Scent is one of the primary means that it uses for identifying rewarding flowers. How honeybees and other animals learn to associate complex and variable scents with important events is still not ...
... A honeybee may forage on 1,000s of flowers for nectar and pollen in its lifetime. Scent is one of the primary means that it uses for identifying rewarding flowers. How honeybees and other animals learn to associate complex and variable scents with important events is still not ...
Neurons - Manatee School for the Arts
... • Excitatory (increase membrane permeability) -impulse will likely occur • Inhibitory (decrease membrane permeability) -impulse will not likely occur ...
... • Excitatory (increase membrane permeability) -impulse will likely occur • Inhibitory (decrease membrane permeability) -impulse will not likely occur ...
NVCC Bio 211 - gserianne.com
... • Ascending tracts conduct sensory impulses to the brain • Descending tracts conduct motor impulses from the brain to motor neurons reaching muscles and glands Tract: Contains axons that share a common origin and destination Tracts are usually named for their place of origin (1st) and ...
... • Ascending tracts conduct sensory impulses to the brain • Descending tracts conduct motor impulses from the brain to motor neurons reaching muscles and glands Tract: Contains axons that share a common origin and destination Tracts are usually named for their place of origin (1st) and ...
ReflexArcLabBackgroundNotes
... Looking at this sequence of steps, this is what happens when something sharp touches you on your hand: The stimulus is touch, your pain receptor is the sensor that senses it and relays it to the nervous system (spinal cord and brain) which is the coordinator. The coordinator makes the decision of ho ...
... Looking at this sequence of steps, this is what happens when something sharp touches you on your hand: The stimulus is touch, your pain receptor is the sensor that senses it and relays it to the nervous system (spinal cord and brain) which is the coordinator. The coordinator makes the decision of ho ...