Z-pinch
... surface - averaged magnetic pressure (at the coils) – For configurations like the tokamak the maximum field at the magnet is of order twice the field in the plasma, whereas in the RFP the field at the magnet is less than in the plasma. – The engineering beta in an RFP reactor might be as much as twi ...
... surface - averaged magnetic pressure (at the coils) – For configurations like the tokamak the maximum field at the magnet is of order twice the field in the plasma, whereas in the RFP the field at the magnet is less than in the plasma. – The engineering beta in an RFP reactor might be as much as twi ...
Superconductivity
... same negative charge, electrons tend to repel each other, but this can change in certain materials that have a crystal lattice. The lattice vibrates with more or less energy depending on the temperature. When it is very cold, the gentle vibrations can push electrons together, producing a net attract ...
... same negative charge, electrons tend to repel each other, but this can change in certain materials that have a crystal lattice. The lattice vibrates with more or less energy depending on the temperature. When it is very cold, the gentle vibrations can push electrons together, producing a net attract ...
Electric and Magnetic Fields Due to Massive Photons and Their
... combination between the electric and magnetic fields, viz., F~ = Ec + i B We have found that the photon mass significantly alters our fundamental picture we used to know about electromagnetism. Photons in vacuum are massless and massive in a conducting medium. Because of this property a magnetic cha ...
... combination between the electric and magnetic fields, viz., F~ = Ec + i B We have found that the photon mass significantly alters our fundamental picture we used to know about electromagnetism. Photons in vacuum are massless and massive in a conducting medium. Because of this property a magnetic cha ...
QUANTIZED MAGNETIC FLUX IN BOHR
... Instead of interpretating the energy shifts of atomic levels due to the Zeeman effect, Paschen-Back effect and the hyperfine level splitting as the additional energy of a magnetic moment within a magnetic field, these effects are here considered to be the result of the quantization of the magnetic f ...
... Instead of interpretating the energy shifts of atomic levels due to the Zeeman effect, Paschen-Back effect and the hyperfine level splitting as the additional energy of a magnetic moment within a magnetic field, these effects are here considered to be the result of the quantization of the magnetic f ...
Development and testing of passive tracking markers for different
... becoming lost, particularly in thick vessels such as the aorta. Fiducial markers are build up by a tuned coil for local enhancement of the B1 -field. This makes them large and only implementable at catheters. During susceptibility-based passive device tracking, the susceptibility artifact around the ...
... becoming lost, particularly in thick vessels such as the aorta. Fiducial markers are build up by a tuned coil for local enhancement of the B1 -field. This makes them large and only implementable at catheters. During susceptibility-based passive device tracking, the susceptibility artifact around the ...
Sample
... 2. Magnetic field a. Dipole magnetic field b. Earth has had a magnetic field for at least 3 billion years c. Convection in outer core creates magnetic field 3. Cooling volcanic rocks record prevailing magnetic polarity 4. Earth’s magnetic field periodically reverses, every few hundred thousand years ...
... 2. Magnetic field a. Dipole magnetic field b. Earth has had a magnetic field for at least 3 billion years c. Convection in outer core creates magnetic field 3. Cooling volcanic rocks record prevailing magnetic polarity 4. Earth’s magnetic field periodically reverses, every few hundred thousand years ...
Student Understanding of the Direction of the Magnetic Force on a
... the pole representation than the field representation sometime after instruction. A possible explanation for this difference is that the magnetic pole representation did not explicitly illustrate the presence and direction of the magnetic field, and some students might have been mistaken about the d ...
... the pole representation than the field representation sometime after instruction. A possible explanation for this difference is that the magnetic pole representation did not explicitly illustrate the presence and direction of the magnetic field, and some students might have been mistaken about the d ...
Earth's magnetic field
Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from the Earth's interior to where it meets the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun. Its magnitude at the Earth's surface ranges from 25 to 65 microteslas (0.25 to 0.65 gauss). Roughly speaking it is the field of a magnetic dipole currently tilted at an angle of about 10 degrees with respect to Earth's rotational axis, as if there were a bar magnet placed at that angle at the center of the Earth. Unlike a bar magnet, however, Earth's magnetic field changes over time because it is generated by a geodynamo (in Earth's case, the motion of molten iron alloys in its outer core).The North and South magnetic poles wander widely, but sufficiently slowly for ordinary compasses to remain useful for navigation. However, at irregular intervals averaging several hundred thousand years, the Earth's field reverses and the North and South Magnetic Poles relatively abruptly switch places. These reversals of the geomagnetic poles leave a record in rocks that are of value to paleomagnetists in calculating geomagnetic fields in the past. Such information in turn is helpful in studying the motions of continents and ocean floors in the process of plate tectonics.The magnetosphere is the region above the ionosphere and extends several tens of thousands of kilometers into space, protecting the Earth from the charged particles of the solar wind and cosmic rays that would otherwise strip away the upper atmosphere, including the ozone layer that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.