Chapters 42
... Respiratory surface = part of animal where O2 diffuses into the animal and CO2 diffuses out into the environment. 4 types of animal respiratory systems evolved 1. Entire outer skin: small animals, worms, flat worms, planarians, hydra; must live in wet places; have enough surface to volume ratio. 2. ...
... Respiratory surface = part of animal where O2 diffuses into the animal and CO2 diffuses out into the environment. 4 types of animal respiratory systems evolved 1. Entire outer skin: small animals, worms, flat worms, planarians, hydra; must live in wet places; have enough surface to volume ratio. 2. ...
The benefits of Marine Protected Areas
... Fletcher, S., Rees, S., Gall, S. Jackson, E., Friedrich, L., and Rodwell, R. (2012) Securing the benefits of the Marine Conservation Zone Network. A report to The Wildlife Trusts by the Centre for Marine and Coastal Policy Research, Plymouth University. Fletcher, S., Rees, S., Gall, S. Shellock, R., ...
... Fletcher, S., Rees, S., Gall, S. Jackson, E., Friedrich, L., and Rodwell, R. (2012) Securing the benefits of the Marine Conservation Zone Network. A report to The Wildlife Trusts by the Centre for Marine and Coastal Policy Research, Plymouth University. Fletcher, S., Rees, S., Gall, S. Shellock, R., ...
or respiration
... more clouds and more precipitation. In some areas, especially where water sources are less available, the increased evaporation/transpiration could dry out soil and vegetation resulting in loss of plants and more arid conditions. (We will revisit this in Human ...
... more clouds and more precipitation. In some areas, especially where water sources are less available, the increased evaporation/transpiration could dry out soil and vegetation resulting in loss of plants and more arid conditions. (We will revisit this in Human ...
Food Webs and Ecological Pyramids
... reproduce. They use whatever abilities they have to get the energy they need to survive and thrive (thrive – grow and reproduce!) Some organisms have the ability to produce their own food by harnessing the energy from the sun. They are called producers because they PRODUCE their own food rather than ...
... reproduce. They use whatever abilities they have to get the energy they need to survive and thrive (thrive – grow and reproduce!) Some organisms have the ability to produce their own food by harnessing the energy from the sun. They are called producers because they PRODUCE their own food rather than ...
Ecology - Digital Commons @ Trinity
... There are three ways to prepare your Biome Project. You may choose to do a poster board, a Scrapbook or a Biome Suitcase. All three choices must include all the above. On the back of this paper there are specific instructions on where to place your information in each of the choices. ...
... There are three ways to prepare your Biome Project. You may choose to do a poster board, a Scrapbook or a Biome Suitcase. All three choices must include all the above. On the back of this paper there are specific instructions on where to place your information in each of the choices. ...
Powerpoint
... Grazing and detrital food webs interact. Energy loss at each trophic transfer. Consumption, assimilation, and production efficiencies determine amount of new biomass at each level. Trophic cascades only with comparatively simple ecosystems. ...
... Grazing and detrital food webs interact. Energy loss at each trophic transfer. Consumption, assimilation, and production efficiencies determine amount of new biomass at each level. Trophic cascades only with comparatively simple ecosystems. ...
Ecology Notes
... Recall from biology that energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient-only 10% of the energy is transferred, which affects the amount of biomass and the numbers of individuals at each trophic level. This also means that food chains are rarely more than 5 trophic levels. Food chain: prim ...
... Recall from biology that energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient-only 10% of the energy is transferred, which affects the amount of biomass and the numbers of individuals at each trophic level. This also means that food chains are rarely more than 5 trophic levels. Food chain: prim ...
FOOD CHAIN
... In a grazing web, materials typically pass from plants to plant eaters (herbivores) to flesh eaters (carnivores) ...
... In a grazing web, materials typically pass from plants to plant eaters (herbivores) to flesh eaters (carnivores) ...
Biology Spring Semester Final Review Guide 2011
... 61. Which of the above organisms is a(n): iv. Paramecium- organism B v. Amoeba- organism A 62. The protists “Euglenids” are green in color. What conclusions can you draw about this organism’s process of meeting its energy needs? a. They can photosynthesize 63. How do fungi gain energy? What structur ...
... 61. Which of the above organisms is a(n): iv. Paramecium- organism B v. Amoeba- organism A 62. The protists “Euglenids” are green in color. What conclusions can you draw about this organism’s process of meeting its energy needs? a. They can photosynthesize 63. How do fungi gain energy? What structur ...
Study Guide 5.3 and 6
... Know the difference between density dependent and density independent limiting factors and examples of each Know what causes populations to follow a boom and bust curve Why has the human population grown exponentially? Know the difference between predator and prey Be able to predict what will happen ...
... Know the difference between density dependent and density independent limiting factors and examples of each Know what causes populations to follow a boom and bust curve Why has the human population grown exponentially? Know the difference between predator and prey Be able to predict what will happen ...
Unit 2 Homework Sheet
... The word bank: food chain, 90%, food web, biomass, trophic level, water, 1st law of thermodynamics, 2nd law of thermodynamics, ecosystem An ________________________ is a community of organisms interacting with each other and the non-living (abiotic) components of their environment. In ______________ ...
... The word bank: food chain, 90%, food web, biomass, trophic level, water, 1st law of thermodynamics, 2nd law of thermodynamics, ecosystem An ________________________ is a community of organisms interacting with each other and the non-living (abiotic) components of their environment. In ______________ ...
Arctic Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring Plan
... » How and where are these terrestrial focal species, populations, communities, landscapes/ecosystems and key processes/ functions changing? » What are the primary environmental and anthropogenic drivers and how do they influence changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function? » Where are the areas o ...
... » How and where are these terrestrial focal species, populations, communities, landscapes/ecosystems and key processes/ functions changing? » What are the primary environmental and anthropogenic drivers and how do they influence changes in biodiversity and ecosystem function? » Where are the areas o ...
Ecosystem Consequences of Biological Invasions
... of Elements within Ecosystems? Change in pool sizes has been examined in many studies of plant invasions. Liao et al. (2008), in a recent meta-analysis, found that plant invasions result in much higher pools of aboveground (133% higher) and belowground (5%) carbon (C), aboveground (85%) and belowgro ...
... of Elements within Ecosystems? Change in pool sizes has been examined in many studies of plant invasions. Liao et al. (2008), in a recent meta-analysis, found that plant invasions result in much higher pools of aboveground (133% higher) and belowground (5%) carbon (C), aboveground (85%) and belowgro ...
Wet Meadow Ecosystems
... Wet meadows are well distributed across the Sierra Nevada at different eleva7ons, but account for only 1% of total area. The southern Sierra, with its steeper topography and drier climate, has less meado ...
... Wet meadows are well distributed across the Sierra Nevada at different eleva7ons, but account for only 1% of total area. The southern Sierra, with its steeper topography and drier climate, has less meado ...
Incorporating ecological process in landscape-scale planning
... Targeting and managing critical ecological processes – continued… For non-species-driven processes: Some we can/should manage – e.g. fire, flood Others we cannot – e.g. volcanoes, hurricanes Need to consider Minimum Dynamic Area Non-interventionist – target Natural Range of Variability ...
... Targeting and managing critical ecological processes – continued… For non-species-driven processes: Some we can/should manage – e.g. fire, flood Others we cannot – e.g. volcanoes, hurricanes Need to consider Minimum Dynamic Area Non-interventionist – target Natural Range of Variability ...
Incorporating ecological process in landscape-scale planning
... Targeting and managing critical ecological processes – continued… For non-species-driven processes: Some we can/should manage – e.g. fire, flood Others we cannot – e.g. volcanoes, hurricanes Need to consider Minimum Dynamic Area Non-interventionist – target Natural Range of Variability ...
... Targeting and managing critical ecological processes – continued… For non-species-driven processes: Some we can/should manage – e.g. fire, flood Others we cannot – e.g. volcanoes, hurricanes Need to consider Minimum Dynamic Area Non-interventionist – target Natural Range of Variability ...
poster - Sam Houston State University
... The downstream transport and relative concentration of nutrients are thematic in driving the overall structure and function of stream ecosystems. The slightest increase in nutrient loads can result in a dramatic shift in ecosystem health, productivity, and sustainability. These potential shifts in n ...
... The downstream transport and relative concentration of nutrients are thematic in driving the overall structure and function of stream ecosystems. The slightest increase in nutrient loads can result in a dramatic shift in ecosystem health, productivity, and sustainability. These potential shifts in n ...
Sustainable rangeland management: how grazing management and
... fire, can lead to dense woody cover and often results in the suppression of herbaceous plants. On the other hand, woodland expansion might result in a large increase in Carbon (C) storage in the grassland ecosystem, an important aspect for climate change mitigation potentials. Particularly the influ ...
... fire, can lead to dense woody cover and often results in the suppression of herbaceous plants. On the other hand, woodland expansion might result in a large increase in Carbon (C) storage in the grassland ecosystem, an important aspect for climate change mitigation potentials. Particularly the influ ...
Chemical Cycling
... (Fig. 45.25). Some cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems and some free-living bacteria in soil are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen in this way. Other nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules on the roots of legumes, such as beans, peas, and clover. They make organic compounds containing nitrogen avai ...
... (Fig. 45.25). Some cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems and some free-living bacteria in soil are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen in this way. Other nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in nodules on the roots of legumes, such as beans, peas, and clover. They make organic compounds containing nitrogen avai ...
Grazing Management Part 1
... We tend to think of grasses as growing by extracting the water and nutrients they need from the soil to produce their growth. In fact, there is more of the plant (its biomass) under the ground than there is in the green shoots on top. The roots of a grass plant typically constitute the majority (up ...
... We tend to think of grasses as growing by extracting the water and nutrients they need from the soil to produce their growth. In fact, there is more of the plant (its biomass) under the ground than there is in the green shoots on top. The roots of a grass plant typically constitute the majority (up ...
Food Webs and Ecological Pyramids Ecological Niches
... by individuals at one trophic level is passed onto individuals at the next level. -‐ Energy is used up in biological processes (growth, reproduction, thermal energy) -‐ Always decrease in size from ...
... by individuals at one trophic level is passed onto individuals at the next level. -‐ Energy is used up in biological processes (growth, reproduction, thermal energy) -‐ Always decrease in size from ...
Anak Krakatau
... The story of Rakata’s Life (rebuilding an ecosystem) • In 1919, a Dutch botanist found forest patches surrounded by nearly continuous grassland. • Ten years later, the same Dutch botanist found an island well on its way to being reforested – the grasses were being choked out. • Today, Rakata appear ...
... The story of Rakata’s Life (rebuilding an ecosystem) • In 1919, a Dutch botanist found forest patches surrounded by nearly continuous grassland. • Ten years later, the same Dutch botanist found an island well on its way to being reforested – the grasses were being choked out. • Today, Rakata appear ...
1 - WordPress.com
... 14. What is the difference between a structural adaptation and a behavioural adaptation. 15. Why do you think biomes are often classified according to their plant species rather than by the animals that live in the biomes? 16. What is the difference between a habitat and a niche? 17. What is an “eco ...
... 14. What is the difference between a structural adaptation and a behavioural adaptation. 15. Why do you think biomes are often classified according to their plant species rather than by the animals that live in the biomes? 16. What is the difference between a habitat and a niche? 17. What is an “eco ...
Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.