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Ecology Biomes - Peterson Science
Ecology Biomes - Peterson Science

... changing free nitrogen gas into a usable form a group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms the process by which nitrogen (a nutrient essential for plant growth) is changed from one form to another; removed from the air and fixed into the soil for biological use active at night active du ...
Primary productivity
Primary productivity

... living organisms. Example: A lava flow creates a new land area that is colonized. The first colonists are termed pioneer species.  Secondary Succession - an existing community is disrupted and a new one subsequently develops at the site  Climax community - community that develops last and remains ...
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Review resources for AP Environm

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Biodiversity 5 Biodiversity_2

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Module code AW-2311 Module Title Ecosystem Dynamics Degree

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Class: 12 Subject: Biology Topic: Ecosystem No. of

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Ecology SOL Questions

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4.1 Ecosystems: Everything is Connected Objectives

... • Life can be organized into different levels of ecological organization from most inclusive down to individual. – Biosphere – an inclusive term for all of the life on Earth – Ecosystem – all of the organisms in a given area along with the physical factors in the area – Community – a group of variou ...
BIOGEOGRAPHIC PROCESSES
BIOGEOGRAPHIC PROCESSES

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What is Ecology - Effingham County Schools

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Ecosystems And Population Change_1
Ecosystems And Population Change_1

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abiotic Non-living factors like rain, sun, minerals in soil, and

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7 - Ecological Succession

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3.2 How Humans Influence Ecosystems

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3.2 PPT
3.2 PPT

...  “Land use” refers to the way we use the land.  “Resource use” refers to the ways we obtain and use naturally occurring materials.  Most products you use every day involve the use of some natural resources in their production. The processing and export of resources like lumber, coal and sulphur a ...
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Earth as a Living System

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... 2. How are things connected in an ecosystem? 3. What are the processes that keep ecosystems functioning and how do they insure the survival of the ecosystem? 4. What are the differences in the main kinds of ecosystems? Content  Materials such as nitrogen, water, and carbon are cycled through ecosys ...
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... Background: Ecosystem diversity is affected by many influences, such as climate and the level of human disturbance. Animal diversity is generally higher where there is a mild climate and an abundance of food and cover, or where ecosystems overlap. New ecosystems and ecosystems that are harsh tend to ...
Matcuk-Grischow Biology 2014-09-01
Matcuk-Grischow Biology 2014-09-01

... • Describe biotic interactions in an ecosystem (e.g., competition, predation, symbiosis). • Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem (i.e., water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle). • Describe how ecosystems change in response to natural and human disturbances (e.g., cli ...
Study Guide Lesson 2
Study Guide Lesson 2

... Species: a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Habitat: the environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism. Population: a group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time. Community: a group of pop ...
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Ecosystem



An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.
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