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ECOLOGY
ECOLOGY

... vegetation of a previous biological community ---- ecosystems have been disturbed or disrupted by humans or animals, or by natural processes such as storms, floods, fires, earthquakes, etc. These disturbances open up opportunities for new niches to be established during the rebuilding of the area. T ...
Biodiversity Loss Threatens Human Well-Being
Biodiversity Loss Threatens Human Well-Being

... biodiversity has always been an integral part of the human experience, and there are many moral reasons to preserve it for its own sake. What has been less recognized is that biodiversity also influences human well-being, including the access to water and basic materials for a satisfactory life, and ...
ecology10
ecology10

... Ecologists will study populations, rates of photosynthesis, nutrient cycles, soil chemistry, etc., to try to piece together how ecosystems work. Ecosystem: includes all the organisms that live in an area and the physical environment with which those organisms interact. ...
Being the coldest area on Earth, Antarctica continent rates amongst
Being the coldest area on Earth, Antarctica continent rates amongst

... pieces of the puzzle still missing. Microorganisms are well known for their ability to adapt to almost any environment and the extremely harsh Antarctic climate is of no exception. A climate characterized with blistering cold, low water availability, constant freeze-thaw and wetdry cycles, high inci ...
Water Pollution PPT
Water Pollution PPT

... the food chain – usually biomagnification starts with a photosynthetic organism or an animal that is widely consumed by other animals. ...
Organ
Organ

... increases the number of different species that can live in an ecosystem. Predators limit the size of prey populations. As a result, food and other resources are less likely to become scarce, and competition between species is reduced. ...
Document
Document

... • Secondary- ecosystem used to be there. Fire, humans clear an area • Aquatic – lakes taken over by terrestrial ecosystem • Climax ecosystem- in balance only changes if major interference ...
Managing Biodiversity - SLC Geog A Level Blog
Managing Biodiversity - SLC Geog A Level Blog

... conserve resources for future generations is important Biosphere reserves usually have scientific research and monitoring activities too Famous locations such as the Galapagos and Komodo NP use elements of the biosphere reserve model ...
ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEM

... 1 MARK QUESTIONS 1. Define ecosystem. An ecosystem can be visualized as a functional unit of nature, where living organisms interact among themselves and also with the surrounding physical environment. 2. Mention the two categories of ecosystem. Terrestrial and the aquatic 3. Give an example for man ...
352
352

... A good definition of primary succession is when life begins to grow in an area that previously did not support life. It is also defined as the type of succession that occurs where no ecosystem existed before. Primary succession can occur on rocks, cliffs, and sand dunes. Usually the first species to ...
Energy Flow
Energy Flow

... The lowest trophic level of the pyramid represents the producers and contains the most energy. The second level represents the primary ...
Lesson 5 - Human Activity and Ecosystems - Hitchcock
Lesson 5 - Human Activity and Ecosystems - Hitchcock

... How do humans protect ecosystems? • The careful and responsible management of a resource is called stewardship. • The organisms in an ecosystem depend on each other and interact to form a vast food web. The loss of a species can leave gaps in the web. • Humans can protect habitats and help species s ...
Ecological consequences of rangeland management
Ecological consequences of rangeland management

... Degradation of rangelands has prompted research into restoration • Loss of species diversity, especially of palatable plants • Loss of ecological productivity – Fewer species are less resilient – Reduced potential to support herbivores – More bare ground ...
Intro to Ecology Teacher Notes
Intro to Ecology Teacher Notes

... Habitat: abiotic and biotic factors that encourage survival. • Water is the most important abiotic factor of an ecosystem. • The habitat of an organism determines the amount of water, sunlight and temperature for growth and survival. ...
Chapter 1: What is Life?
Chapter 1: What is Life?

... Cells perform all functions necessary for life Regulate their internal environment  Take in and use energy  Respond to the local environment  Develop and maintain their complex ...
Document
Document

... Ecology - Unit 2 - Change and Stability in Ecosystems ...
Limiting Factors & Carrying Capacity
Limiting Factors & Carrying Capacity

...  Populations would continue to increase if ...
Succession PPT
Succession PPT

... community Secondary succession happens when soil already exists from previous ecosystem!! ...
Goal 5: Learner will develop an understanding of the ecological
Goal 5: Learner will develop an understanding of the ecological

... 29. Explain the Greenhouse Effect in relationship to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Increase of carbon dioxide prevents infrared light (heat) from leaving the atmosphere. This raises the earth’s temperature just like glass in a greenhouse traps heat and keeps the greenhouse warm. 30. What effect ...
Goal 5 answer key
Goal 5 answer key

... 29. Explain the Greenhouse Effect in relationship to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Increase of carbon dioxide prevents infrared light (heat) from leaving the atmosphere. This raises the earth’s temperature just like glass in a greenhouse traps heat and keeps the greenhouse warm. 30. What effect ...
Chapter 3 Terms and nutrient cycles
Chapter 3 Terms and nutrient cycles

... All of the life on earth revolves around a few key nutrients and in combination with energy form the sun it is theses nutrients which are required by all of earth's producers. These nutrients are essentially contained within a closed system on earth, which means no nutrients enter or leave the biosp ...
Notes Chapter 19 Introduction to Ecology
Notes Chapter 19 Introduction to Ecology

...  Species in ecosystems interact with other species and with their nonliving environment. As a result, a disturbance that affects one species can spread to other species in the ecosystem.  Because ecosystems are so complex, ecologists rely on models, simplified systems that mimic the behavior of th ...
Ecology of Organisms
Ecology of Organisms

... • Desert animals are nocturnal • Some organisms enter a state of reduced activity called dormancy • Another strategy is migration, which moving away from the unfavorable habitat ...
term 2 cumulative exam review sheet
term 2 cumulative exam review sheet

... humans have on the earth and biodiversity. Give and example of an invasive species and the effect it had on its habitat. 6.3 Use a food web to identify and distinguish producers, consumers, and decomposers, and explain the transfer of energy through trophic levels. Describe how relationships among o ...
Biomass The total mass of living plants, animals, bacteria and fungi
Biomass The total mass of living plants, animals, bacteria and fungi

... A model that shows the loss of energy from one trophic level to another (there is a loss of 90% of the energy from one level to another) ...
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Ecosystem



An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.
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