Chronic nitrogen deposition alters the structure and function of
... down-regulation of fungal genes encoding these enzymes (Edwards et al. 2011). At the same time, microbial biomass had been reduced by 18% under experimental N deposition (DeForest et al. 2004). We were interested in determining whether soil fauna at higher trophic levels were also affected negativel ...
... down-regulation of fungal genes encoding these enzymes (Edwards et al. 2011). At the same time, microbial biomass had been reduced by 18% under experimental N deposition (DeForest et al. 2004). We were interested in determining whether soil fauna at higher trophic levels were also affected negativel ...
BIOSPHERE Chapter 3 - phsdanielewiczscience
... Live in close association with another kind of organism. ...
... Live in close association with another kind of organism. ...
Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests
... part of the detritivore community, consuming leaf litter and increasing rates of decomposition. Although it is well known that detritivores and decomposers are necessary for recycling of carbon and nutrients, seldom do scientists have the chance to observe how a major change in the detritivore commu ...
... part of the detritivore community, consuming leaf litter and increasing rates of decomposition. Although it is well known that detritivores and decomposers are necessary for recycling of carbon and nutrients, seldom do scientists have the chance to observe how a major change in the detritivore commu ...
Ch. 7 Notes-Aquatic Ecosystems
... • A lake that has large amounts of plant growth due to nutrients is known as a eutrophic lake. • Lakes naturally become eutrophic over a long period of time. • However, eutrophication can be accelerated by runoff, such as rain, that can carry sewage, fertilizers, or animal wastes from land into bodi ...
... • A lake that has large amounts of plant growth due to nutrients is known as a eutrophic lake. • Lakes naturally become eutrophic over a long period of time. • However, eutrophication can be accelerated by runoff, such as rain, that can carry sewage, fertilizers, or animal wastes from land into bodi ...
Scaling up keystone effects from simple to complex
... Here, a Ôkeystone effectÕ is defined as KÕs strong indirect positive effect on S1 (and consequently NK1 as well) because of KÕs strongly negative direct effect on D. Increasing resource supply to this simple module strengthens the keystone effect on S1 (Fig. 2a, ANOVA P < 0.001) by disproportionatel ...
... Here, a Ôkeystone effectÕ is defined as KÕs strong indirect positive effect on S1 (and consequently NK1 as well) because of KÕs strongly negative direct effect on D. Increasing resource supply to this simple module strengthens the keystone effect on S1 (Fig. 2a, ANOVA P < 0.001) by disproportionatel ...
International Congress on Mycorrhizae: mycorrhizal
... of mycorrhizal biotechnologies in agro-ecological engineering strategies and the socio-economic environment of tropical and Mediterranean areas. In the opening conference on the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza for plant health, Prof. Paola Bonfante (Italy) provided an overview on the cellular and mole ...
... of mycorrhizal biotechnologies in agro-ecological engineering strategies and the socio-economic environment of tropical and Mediterranean areas. In the opening conference on the role of arbuscular mycorrhiza for plant health, Prof. Paola Bonfante (Italy) provided an overview on the cellular and mole ...
Chapter 11. - at Burgers` Zoo!
... natural processes, often in contrast to fish-only systems, avoiding an over-reliance on equipment intensive, synthetic chemical filtration. Natural methodologies can be employed to manage nitrogenous and other metabolic by-products which can be detrimental to closed coral systems. This paper reviews ...
... natural processes, often in contrast to fish-only systems, avoiding an over-reliance on equipment intensive, synthetic chemical filtration. Natural methodologies can be employed to manage nitrogenous and other metabolic by-products which can be detrimental to closed coral systems. This paper reviews ...
Linking Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Current
... total tree growth (often biomass) is reported, not the specific parts of trees that have commercial value as a service (i.e., timber). Furthermore, neither composition nor the different market values of the extant tree species are accounted for. Observational studies can provide insight into the eff ...
... total tree growth (often biomass) is reported, not the specific parts of trees that have commercial value as a service (i.e., timber). Furthermore, neither composition nor the different market values of the extant tree species are accounted for. Observational studies can provide insight into the eff ...
Biotic plantsoil feedbacks across temporal scales
... biota, potentially resulting in characteristic effects on the rate of build-up of soil organisms that cause feedback to plant growth and population dynamics. The net outcome will depend on how both populations of growth-suppressing and growth-enhancing rhizosphere organisms respond over time. Below- ...
... biota, potentially resulting in characteristic effects on the rate of build-up of soil organisms that cause feedback to plant growth and population dynamics. The net outcome will depend on how both populations of growth-suppressing and growth-enhancing rhizosphere organisms respond over time. Below- ...
printer-friendly version of benchmark
... Since ecology focuses on the interaction of organisms with their environment and to other living organisms, these factors (abiotic and biotic) cannot be viewed in isolation. Both types are also referred to as limiting factors, since they determine the types and number of organisms in the environmen ...
... Since ecology focuses on the interaction of organisms with their environment and to other living organisms, these factors (abiotic and biotic) cannot be viewed in isolation. Both types are also referred to as limiting factors, since they determine the types and number of organisms in the environmen ...
biodiversity- global issues
... Microbes that live in the roots of leguminous transform atmospheric nitrogen and make it available to the plants64. The soil contains thousands of species of microbes which decompose dead organic matter and help maintain soil structure. Some microbes make enzymes65. While most microbes are very usef ...
... Microbes that live in the roots of leguminous transform atmospheric nitrogen and make it available to the plants64. The soil contains thousands of species of microbes which decompose dead organic matter and help maintain soil structure. Some microbes make enzymes65. While most microbes are very usef ...
Bison are a keystone species for ecosystem restoration
... Wallows are a unique ecological feature of prairie ecosystems created by bison. By rolling repeatedly in exposed soil, bison increase soil compaction in certain areas which aids in water retention. In the spring, these wallows produce temporary pools that can support ephemeral wetland species (Uno 1 ...
... Wallows are a unique ecological feature of prairie ecosystems created by bison. By rolling repeatedly in exposed soil, bison increase soil compaction in certain areas which aids in water retention. In the spring, these wallows produce temporary pools that can support ephemeral wetland species (Uno 1 ...
![[PDF 253.96KB]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/018027146_1-ecddc2dea6bc08fc51bae6b2f90e06e9-300x300.png)
Potential impacts of ocean acidification on the Puget Sound food web
... Puget Sound food web model The food web model for the central basin of Puget Sound (Harvey et al., 2010, 2012) was developed using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software version 5.1 (Christensen and Walters, 2004). In EwE, species or aggregated functional groups are treated as biomass pools regulate ...
... Puget Sound food web model The food web model for the central basin of Puget Sound (Harvey et al., 2010, 2012) was developed using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) software version 5.1 (Christensen and Walters, 2004). In EwE, species or aggregated functional groups are treated as biomass pools regulate ...
Competition in di- and tri
... not survive in the system because of scarcity of resources. When K's are too large, consumers will be too abundant and due to strong apparent competition (Holt, 1977, 1984; Bonsall and Hassell, 1997; Abrams et al., 1998; Abrams, 1998) some resources will be outcompeted. This is documented in Fig. 2, ...
... not survive in the system because of scarcity of resources. When K's are too large, consumers will be too abundant and due to strong apparent competition (Holt, 1977, 1984; Bonsall and Hassell, 1997; Abrams et al., 1998; Abrams, 1998) some resources will be outcompeted. This is documented in Fig. 2, ...
DECOMPOSER INSECTS
... their absence wood cannot be assimilated by these insects. In many ecosystems millipedes (Diplopoda) have special importance as decomposers. These arthropods, which specialize in leaf litter consumption, sometimes are abundant, concentrated in relatively small areas, and active during a great part o ...
... their absence wood cannot be assimilated by these insects. In many ecosystems millipedes (Diplopoda) have special importance as decomposers. These arthropods, which specialize in leaf litter consumption, sometimes are abundant, concentrated in relatively small areas, and active during a great part o ...
Energy Dynamics
... level. A trophic level refers to the organism’s position in the food chain. Food chains start at trophic level one where autotrophs produce their own complex compounds through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Next, at trophic level two, herbivores eat primary producers. These herbivores are sometim ...
... level. A trophic level refers to the organism’s position in the food chain. Food chains start at trophic level one where autotrophs produce their own complex compounds through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Next, at trophic level two, herbivores eat primary producers. These herbivores are sometim ...
Biodiversity, Habitat Area, Resource Growth Rate and Interference
... or loss term for the consumer. Even if the effect is a gradual one, such as when premature death results from wounding or the devotion of substantial energetic resources to aggressive behaviors, it may be appropriate to include a mortality or loss term to capture the wastage effect. The effects of s ...
... or loss term for the consumer. Even if the effect is a gradual one, such as when premature death results from wounding or the devotion of substantial energetic resources to aggressive behaviors, it may be appropriate to include a mortality or loss term to capture the wastage effect. The effects of s ...
Ernest 2005
... BSEDs for all communities were significantly different from uniform (Fig. 1; all P # 0.001). Within energy use peaks, one species often accounted for the majority of energy use, resulting in consistently high values of DE across all nine communities (range: 0.60– 1, average DE 5 0.85; Fig. 2). In co ...
... BSEDs for all communities were significantly different from uniform (Fig. 1; all P # 0.001). Within energy use peaks, one species often accounted for the majority of energy use, resulting in consistently high values of DE across all nine communities (range: 0.60– 1, average DE 5 0.85; Fig. 2). In co ...
Linking Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Current Uncertainties and the Necessary Next Steps Forum
... of protein, particularly in the developing world, and support an industry worth over $85 billion annually in landings, with indirect benefits likely to be even greater (Dyck and Sumalia 2010). These capture fisheries range from small artisanal to major industrial operations and target a wide variety ...
... of protein, particularly in the developing world, and support an industry worth over $85 billion annually in landings, with indirect benefits likely to be even greater (Dyck and Sumalia 2010). These capture fisheries range from small artisanal to major industrial operations and target a wide variety ...
Untitled - Vermont Fish and Wildlife
... is a pattern to their distribution. The assemblages of plants, animals, and other organisms found in natural communities repeat wherever certain environmental conditions (soil, water, and climate) are found. Whereas a natural community refers to an actual occurrence on the ground, a natural communit ...
... is a pattern to their distribution. The assemblages of plants, animals, and other organisms found in natural communities repeat wherever certain environmental conditions (soil, water, and climate) are found. Whereas a natural community refers to an actual occurrence on the ground, a natural communit ...
Linking community and ecosystem dynamics through spatial
... two food webs are coupled through the movement of an agent, the coupling may be due to the traits (e.g. interaction coefficients among species or dispersal rates) and ⁄ or the material ⁄ energy of the shared agent. The second axis concerns the rates and scales of the coupling agents (the grain). In ...
... two food webs are coupled through the movement of an agent, the coupling may be due to the traits (e.g. interaction coefficients among species or dispersal rates) and ⁄ or the material ⁄ energy of the shared agent. The second axis concerns the rates and scales of the coupling agents (the grain). In ...
Traits underpinning desiccation resistance explain distribution
... mechanisms that underpin interspecific variation. Identifying and quantifying the functional traits that underlie interspecific differences in desiccation resistance will enable more general inferences about the response of detritivore species to changes in water availability. In the study reported ...
... mechanisms that underpin interspecific variation. Identifying and quantifying the functional traits that underlie interspecific differences in desiccation resistance will enable more general inferences about the response of detritivore species to changes in water availability. In the study reported ...