Dem11 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... breakdown products of myelin; since myelin breakdown is result of variety of metabolic or acquired insults, sudanophilia provides no useful information about pathogenesis! it is very difficult to distinguish demyelination from dysmyelination (both processes frequently operate together). defects ...
... breakdown products of myelin; since myelin breakdown is result of variety of metabolic or acquired insults, sudanophilia provides no useful information about pathogenesis! it is very difficult to distinguish demyelination from dysmyelination (both processes frequently operate together). defects ...
NERVOUS SYSTEM CNS-Central Nervous System PNS
... the dendrites, cell body, axon, nodes of ranvier and schwann cells. ...
... the dendrites, cell body, axon, nodes of ranvier and schwann cells. ...
Muscular Disorders and Diseases
... Tetanus causes cholinesterase to not break down the acetylcholine in the synapse. This results in a person's muscles contracting and not relaxing. A tetanus shot must be administered shortly after exposure to the bacteria. Once you develop tetanus, there is no cure. ...
... Tetanus causes cholinesterase to not break down the acetylcholine in the synapse. This results in a person's muscles contracting and not relaxing. A tetanus shot must be administered shortly after exposure to the bacteria. Once you develop tetanus, there is no cure. ...
Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology I
... Recall: All organs are composed of, at most, four tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Nervous tissue: Excitable cells (neurons) Nonexcitable (supporting) cells Connective tissue: Meninges - in central nervous system Endoneurium Perineurium in peripheral nervous ...
... Recall: All organs are composed of, at most, four tissues Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue Nervous tissue: Excitable cells (neurons) Nonexcitable (supporting) cells Connective tissue: Meninges - in central nervous system Endoneurium Perineurium in peripheral nervous ...
neurohistology
... internode- formed by s single Schwann cell Most of smaller axons in peripheral nerves are unmyelinated- slow conductors of electrical signals ...
... internode- formed by s single Schwann cell Most of smaller axons in peripheral nerves are unmyelinated- slow conductors of electrical signals ...
PNS Study Guide
... 6. What are the two functional classifications of the PNS? Describe the function of each (flow chart). 7. What are the 2 types of motor nerves? How are they different? 8. What are the 2 types of autonomic nerves? Make sure you know when they are used. 9. Be able to draw and describe a reflex arc. 10 ...
... 6. What are the two functional classifications of the PNS? Describe the function of each (flow chart). 7. What are the 2 types of motor nerves? How are they different? 8. What are the 2 types of autonomic nerves? Make sure you know when they are used. 9. Be able to draw and describe a reflex arc. 10 ...
NEUROTRANSMITTER TEST KIT (13 vials) - Life
... Involved in sleep-wake regulation, by increasing wakefulness and prevent sleep; also protects against the susceptibility to convulsion, drug sensitisation, denervation super-sensitivity, ischemic lesions and stress; may controls the mechanisms by which memories and learning are forgotten; may be inv ...
... Involved in sleep-wake regulation, by increasing wakefulness and prevent sleep; also protects against the susceptibility to convulsion, drug sensitisation, denervation super-sensitivity, ischemic lesions and stress; may controls the mechanisms by which memories and learning are forgotten; may be inv ...
Nervous System Anatomy: Spinal Cord
... deep peroneal nerves Also known as the common fibular nerve Innervates tibialis anterior, peroneus (fibularis) longus & brevis, & other muscles of the lower leg & foot Formed from branches of the Tibial & Common Peroneal nn. Innervates skin of lower leg & foot ...
... deep peroneal nerves Also known as the common fibular nerve Innervates tibialis anterior, peroneus (fibularis) longus & brevis, & other muscles of the lower leg & foot Formed from branches of the Tibial & Common Peroneal nn. Innervates skin of lower leg & foot ...
You Light Up My Life
... orientation as well as acceleration and deceleration. Action potentials from different parts of the vestibular apparatus travel to reflex centers in the brainstem. As signals are integrated, the brain orders compensatory movements necessary to maintain ...
... orientation as well as acceleration and deceleration. Action potentials from different parts of the vestibular apparatus travel to reflex centers in the brainstem. As signals are integrated, the brain orders compensatory movements necessary to maintain ...
Cranial Nerves Cover - School of Medicine Wiki
... Lingual (mucosa of ant. 2/3 tongue, incl. taste) Inferior ...
... Lingual (mucosa of ant. 2/3 tongue, incl. taste) Inferior ...
Neurons
... • Myelin Sheath An insulating layer around an axon. Made up of Schwann cells. • Nodes of Ranvier Gaps between schwann cells. – Conduction of the impulse. (Situation where speed of an impulse is greatly increased by the message ‘jumping’ the gaps in an axon). ...
... • Myelin Sheath An insulating layer around an axon. Made up of Schwann cells. • Nodes of Ranvier Gaps between schwann cells. – Conduction of the impulse. (Situation where speed of an impulse is greatly increased by the message ‘jumping’ the gaps in an axon). ...
FINAL LECTURE EXAM – HUMAN ANATOMY
... b. Milk in a lactiferous sinus passes through a lactiferous duct before reaching the nipple. c. Lobes of the gland are separated by suspensory ligaments arising from deep fascia. d. Each lobe typically has its own lactiferous duct. e. The primary determinant of breast size is the amount of adipose t ...
... b. Milk in a lactiferous sinus passes through a lactiferous duct before reaching the nipple. c. Lobes of the gland are separated by suspensory ligaments arising from deep fascia. d. Each lobe typically has its own lactiferous duct. e. The primary determinant of breast size is the amount of adipose t ...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Sensory Pathway (PNS
... increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, blood flow to skeletal muscles, glucose metabolism decreases the activities that are not essential at the moment (digestive system organs are subdued- decreased blood flow to that system ...
... increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, blood flow to skeletal muscles, glucose metabolism decreases the activities that are not essential at the moment (digestive system organs are subdued- decreased blood flow to that system ...
The Special Senses Accessory Structures of the - dr
... membrane (stereocilia) have mechanically gated ion channels h l (K+) leads l d to t Hair cells stimulated (excess released via round window) AP in CNVIII to thalamus (via medulla and pons) Thalamus Primary auditory cortex in temporal lobe ...
... membrane (stereocilia) have mechanically gated ion channels h l (K+) leads l d to t Hair cells stimulated (excess released via round window) AP in CNVIII to thalamus (via medulla and pons) Thalamus Primary auditory cortex in temporal lobe ...
Final Report
... The generation of rhythmic movements, like breathing and chewing, is one important function of the brain. The brain needs to be able to not only generate these specific motor patterns, but also modify the pattern to adapt to changes in the environment. To further investigate how this mechanism works ...
... The generation of rhythmic movements, like breathing and chewing, is one important function of the brain. The brain needs to be able to not only generate these specific motor patterns, but also modify the pattern to adapt to changes in the environment. To further investigate how this mechanism works ...
16. Taste, smell
... that triggers second messenger pathway (fig. 53 - 4 & ppt. 9); second messenger (cyclic AMP) opens sodium channels causing depolarization; resting membrane potential (-55 mv.) causes background tonic signal (slow volley of action potentials) – receptor excitation results in increased signal strength ...
... that triggers second messenger pathway (fig. 53 - 4 & ppt. 9); second messenger (cyclic AMP) opens sodium channels causing depolarization; resting membrane potential (-55 mv.) causes background tonic signal (slow volley of action potentials) – receptor excitation results in increased signal strength ...
Lecture 2 (Neurons)
... communicate information quickly by using ionic currents and chemical signals called neurotransmitters. Nerve - Many neurons that are bundled together and covered by a connective tissue sheath. Nervous System – The entire network of interconnecting neurons. ...
... communicate information quickly by using ionic currents and chemical signals called neurotransmitters. Nerve - Many neurons that are bundled together and covered by a connective tissue sheath. Nervous System – The entire network of interconnecting neurons. ...
Cochlea and Auditory Pathways
... nerve (which hair cells of the spiral organ; what place along the basilar membrane) are maximally active (for > 200 Hz). As the pitch (Hz) of a sound increases, the peak amplitude of basilar membrane displacement regresses, from the apex (longest fibers) toward the base (shortest fibers) of the coch ...
... nerve (which hair cells of the spiral organ; what place along the basilar membrane) are maximally active (for > 200 Hz). As the pitch (Hz) of a sound increases, the peak amplitude of basilar membrane displacement regresses, from the apex (longest fibers) toward the base (shortest fibers) of the coch ...
Axial vs. Appendicular Skeleton
... Cervical spinal nerves (C1 to C8) control signals to the back of the head, the neck and shoulders, the arms and hands, and the diaphragm. Thoracic spinal nerves (T1 to T12) control signals to the chest muscles, some muscles of the back, and parts of the abdomen. Lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L5) contr ...
... Cervical spinal nerves (C1 to C8) control signals to the back of the head, the neck and shoulders, the arms and hands, and the diaphragm. Thoracic spinal nerves (T1 to T12) control signals to the chest muscles, some muscles of the back, and parts of the abdomen. Lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L5) contr ...
gustatory and olfactory senses
... generate an action potential if the incoming stimuli are sufficient for the neuron to reach threshold (see section on Communication - the nervous system for further details about how this occurs). Increases in receptor potential intensity are translated into a higher frequency of action potentials i ...
... generate an action potential if the incoming stimuli are sufficient for the neuron to reach threshold (see section on Communication - the nervous system for further details about how this occurs). Increases in receptor potential intensity are translated into a higher frequency of action potentials i ...
Unit 12 ~ Learning Guide Name
... Fibers ____________________________ wrap around the nerve fibers when they are myelinated. This results in the impulse skipping from node to node. In myelinated axons and dendrites, the impulse can travel up to 200m/s. In unmyelinated fibers, the impulse can be as slow as 0.5 m/s. This difference in ...
... Fibers ____________________________ wrap around the nerve fibers when they are myelinated. This results in the impulse skipping from node to node. In myelinated axons and dendrites, the impulse can travel up to 200m/s. In unmyelinated fibers, the impulse can be as slow as 0.5 m/s. This difference in ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.