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Notes on the verbal system of Gulf Pidgin Arabic
Notes on the verbal system of Gulf Pidgin Arabic

... breeds pidginization. It is a situation of ‘unbalanced demography’ (Owens 1985), where the L1 speakers (the native speakers) are greatly outnumbered by the L2 speakers. In a situation like this a reduced linguistic emerges form drawing on language X — the superstrate, or lexifier — in its lexicon, a ...
Document
Document

... introduced when there would otherwise not be an auxiliary in the verb phrase. In this function, do is therefore the only auxiliary present. It is followed by the base ...
Štátne skúšky z anglického jazyka a literatúry – bakalárske štúdium
Štátne skúšky z anglického jazyka a literatúry – bakalárske štúdium

...  Duality provides language with enormous productive power – a relatively small number of elements at one level can enter into thousands of different combinations to form units of meaning at the other level DISCREETNESS  discreet (oddeliteľné) = jednoznačnosť, striktná vydeliteľnosť  every languag ...
Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives and adverbs

... Modify a whole sentence: - Obviously, I can't know everything. ...
Noun and Predicate Phrases
Noun and Predicate Phrases

... 26. The earth will have been entering its final ice age by that time. 27. Hope will always be sustaining the movement for peace. 28. The candidates have not been discussing the 35 million underprivileged Americans. 29. Violence has had a long-standing place in many whites’ images of blacks. 30. Sing ...
Chapter 4. THE NOUN AND NOUN PHRASE
Chapter 4. THE NOUN AND NOUN PHRASE

... In the first example, the simple noun + stem2 verb form does not specify the nature of the biter. mîi specifies that it was a person, while pàa and nùu further specify the gender. These gender markers, which are underlyingly /L/, are realized HL because of the genitive H tone (§). For more examples ...
Active and Passive Voice
Active and Passive Voice

...  Writers should be familiar with the forms of ...
W02-0509 - Association for Computational Linguistics
W02-0509 - Association for Computational Linguistics

... (Ktiv Male), but a some non-standard spellings can also appear: {kywn}, {kwwn}. MSA spelling is much more standardized and follows classic conventions. Nonetheless, some of these conventions may seem confusing at first sight. The Hamza sign, which represents the glottal stop phoneme, can be written ...
this PDF file
this PDF file

... particularly for its analysis. This is because linguistic theories are much more efficient and objective than the terms of conventional literary criticism. Thus, Fowler claims that, linguistic analysis essentially implies a theory of the nature of language in the process of describing it. For exampl ...
Distributional Properties and Endocentricity of English Gerunds
Distributional Properties and Endocentricity of English Gerunds

... and we expect that they will show the distribution of ordinary nouns internally and externally. In dealing with verbal gerunds, moreover, many linguists have assumed that gerunds in general, including verbal types, have noun-like properties and that those nominal properties allow gerunds to appear i ...
On impersonal si constructions in Italian
On impersonal si constructions in Italian

... assume that external theta-role and accusative structural case do not need to be assigned by the same head, in the same projection. 3. Impersonal constructions with transitive verbs 3.1. Agreement in the present tense In this section, I first introduce some data on agreement in impersonal si constru ...
Some characteristics of deverbal nominals in Slavic and Romance
Some characteristics of deverbal nominals in Slavic and Romance

... languages examined here is rather rich: (a) they manifest morphological distinctions for three distinct grammatical genders (masculine, feminine and neuter) and two numbers17 (singular and plural); (b) they also display a full case system; (c) they are morphonologically marked for aspect and for Akt ...
KS3 Skills Pack - Beacon Hill Community School
KS3 Skills Pack - Beacon Hill Community School

... Conjunctions: are the words we use to join sentences together to make them more interesting e.g. The rain fell and we all went home. e.g. and, but, with. ...
Some of the sentences below have subject-verb
Some of the sentences below have subject-verb

... its feet is large and webbed for swimming. The beaver’s tail which is wide and flat like a paddle also helps it to swim. Thick underfur keep the beaver warm and dry, even in very cold water. In fact, beavers have been known to stay under water in icy ponds for as long as fifteen minutes. Beavers als ...
Towards Proto
Towards Proto

... Nouns for elder relatives: • “strong” unalterable initial consonants in Southwestern Mande; • special plural marker *-NI in SWM; • no article/noun morpheme added in numerous Western Mande languages. Reconstruction: prefix *Ń-, pl. suffix *-ni (?). ...
Chinese Verbs
Chinese Verbs

... only to a preceding plural noun phrase, and this noun phrase is generally the topic of the subject. – 这些孩子我都喜欢. *These children, I all like. I like all of these children. – 这个孩子我们都喜欢. *This child, we all like. We all like this child. However it can sometimes be ...
Subject-agreeing Complementizers and Their Functions in Chokwe
Subject-agreeing Complementizers and Their Functions in Chokwe

... in person and number with the class 1 subject of the main clause. While the origin of the complementizer root in all the four languages is clearly traceable to the personal possessive pronoun, the source of the complementizer prefix ngu- in Chokwe, Luchazi, and Luvale and n- in Lunda cannot be easil ...
Class Notes # 10a: Review of English Language
Class Notes # 10a: Review of English Language

... Hansel and Gretel saw the witch. Hansel and Gretel saw the witch and her house. Hansel and Gretel saw and killed the witch. Hansel and Gretel saw the witch and killed her. Hansel and Gretel saw the witch and ran. Hansel and Gretel saw the witch and her house and ran. ...
CHAPTER VI Suprasegmentals: Stress, Pitch, and Intonation
CHAPTER VI Suprasegmentals: Stress, Pitch, and Intonation

... stopped to think before continuing. If one speaker has been monopolizing a conversation, others may listen for the sustained intonation accompanied by a slight pause to take their turn in the conversation. It is also used when people want to indicate they have more to say but prefer not to comment. ...
An Introductory Course in Theoretical English Grammar
An Introductory Course in Theoretical English Grammar

... (noun) class words, rhema (verb), metochē (participle), arthron (article), antõnymia (pronoun), próthesis (preposition), epirrhēma (adverb), and syndesmos (conjunction). He reunited the Stoic common and proper nouns into the single ónoma (noun) class; he separated the participle from the verb. The a ...
Types of Predicate-Subject Constructions in Indonesian
Types of Predicate-Subject Constructions in Indonesian

... (4) they do not contain interrogation or negation. In relation to characteristic (3) above, that the components occur in the most general order, the predicate is always placed after the subject in Indonesian. The most general order of occurrence is, therefore, subject-predicate. However, based on th ...
M I [ [ care ] -ful ] [ [ hope ] -ful ] [ [ care ] -less ] [ [ hope ]
M I [ [ care ] -ful ] [ [ hope ] -ful ] [ [ care ] -less ] [ [ hope ]

... less is a Suffix, it has attached to a Noun and made an Adjective ness is a Suffix, it has attached to an Adjective and made a Noun ...
Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and Adverbs

... Many adjectives are formed by adding the endings –able, –ful, –ish, –less, or – y to nouns and verbs. agree – – – – – – – – –agreeable help – – – – – – – – – –helpful fool – – – – – – – – – –foolish care – – – – – – – – – –careless noise – – – – – – – – –noisy * The articles (a, an, the) and the pos ...
6 Denotation in Murriny Patha Morphosyntax
6 Denotation in Murriny Patha Morphosyntax

... semantically based. For a general discussion of the semantic basis of the classification system see Walsh (1997). On the other hand, adjectives, demonstratives and numerals may occur in any nominal class. Even in the absence of an overt noun, their assignment to a nominal class is on the basis of th ...
Chapter 23: Participles Chapter 23 covers the following: the
Chapter 23: Participles Chapter 23 covers the following: the

... time value is +0, which will be present-tense if the main verb is present-tense. For instance, “He is happy (now), seeing you there.” That is, he’s seeing you right at this moment and because of that he’s happy now. Both the main verb and the participle are present-tense. But make the main verb pas ...
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Old Irish grammar

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