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... is finished. The recent model of DN made this possible. The novelty of this work lies in a new architecture for an intrinsic value system with a neuromorphic system so that both deal with time at the frame precision. In this way, only the primitive actions are defined innately, each spanning a singl ...
... is finished. The recent model of DN made this possible. The novelty of this work lies in a new architecture for an intrinsic value system with a neuromorphic system so that both deal with time at the frame precision. In this way, only the primitive actions are defined innately, each spanning a singl ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... completely scanned for 3H-labeled neurons. The number of such cells that were also retrogradely labeled with beads was divided by the volume sampled to generate double-labeled cell densities. )H-bead cell density data were used for comparing the efficacy of beads and fluorogold. Ventricular zone ana ...
... completely scanned for 3H-labeled neurons. The number of such cells that were also retrogradely labeled with beads was divided by the volume sampled to generate double-labeled cell densities. )H-bead cell density data were used for comparing the efficacy of beads and fluorogold. Ventricular zone ana ...
Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
... Interneurons organized into neuronal pools = functional groups with limited input sources (sensory) and output locations (motor) ...
... Interneurons organized into neuronal pools = functional groups with limited input sources (sensory) and output locations (motor) ...
the neurobiology of emotion
... withdrawing from a situation, freezing to remain inconspicuous, or fighting. Nature vs. Nurture Fear behavior is essential for survival and much of its development appears to be innate. In humans, behavioral responses associated with fear are evident within the first months of life. However, it is n ...
... withdrawing from a situation, freezing to remain inconspicuous, or fighting. Nature vs. Nurture Fear behavior is essential for survival and much of its development appears to be innate. In humans, behavioral responses associated with fear are evident within the first months of life. However, it is n ...
Media Release
... Scientists have shown how the brain anticipates all of the new situations that it may encounter in a lifetime by creating a special kind of neural network that is “pre-adapted” to face any eventuality. This emerges from a new neuroscience study published in PLOS Computational Biology. Enel et al at ...
... Scientists have shown how the brain anticipates all of the new situations that it may encounter in a lifetime by creating a special kind of neural network that is “pre-adapted” to face any eventuality. This emerges from a new neuroscience study published in PLOS Computational Biology. Enel et al at ...
Brain
... Measures to compare brain size among species: 1) Absolute Brain Size 2) Relative Brain Size 3) Encephalization Quotient 4) Cortical Neurons Humans do not have the largest brain or most total neurons. Larger animals generally have larger brains and more neurons. A bigger body needs a bigger brain to ...
... Measures to compare brain size among species: 1) Absolute Brain Size 2) Relative Brain Size 3) Encephalization Quotient 4) Cortical Neurons Humans do not have the largest brain or most total neurons. Larger animals generally have larger brains and more neurons. A bigger body needs a bigger brain to ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... dopamine level, which occurs over seconds and minutes as measured by electrophysiology, in vivo dialysis and voltammetry5,7,37,38. So, the dopamine system might act at several different timescales in the brain from the fast, restricted signalling of reward and some attention-inducing stimuli to the ...
... dopamine level, which occurs over seconds and minutes as measured by electrophysiology, in vivo dialysis and voltammetry5,7,37,38. So, the dopamine system might act at several different timescales in the brain from the fast, restricted signalling of reward and some attention-inducing stimuli to the ...
ARTICULOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS ELECTRÓNICAS: TRABAJO 1:
... stimulation of both raphe nuclei. Some of these neurons (n = 15) were antidromically activated from both the DR and the MnR at the currents used, showing that some pyramidal neurons can simultaneously control the activity of both serotonergic nuclei. In this subgroup, the latency of the antidromic s ...
... stimulation of both raphe nuclei. Some of these neurons (n = 15) were antidromically activated from both the DR and the MnR at the currents used, showing that some pyramidal neurons can simultaneously control the activity of both serotonergic nuclei. In this subgroup, the latency of the antidromic s ...
Genetic Diversity of Principal Neurons in the Hippocampus
... cells”, which exhibited a high rate of firing whenever an animal was in a certain place, the so-called “place field” (O’Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971). It was also suggested that the hippocampus encoded not only spatial information, but also temporal information about events (Hampson et al., 1993). In ...
... cells”, which exhibited a high rate of firing whenever an animal was in a certain place, the so-called “place field” (O’Keefe and Dostrovsky, 1971). It was also suggested that the hippocampus encoded not only spatial information, but also temporal information about events (Hampson et al., 1993). In ...
Voltage-Dependent Switching of Sensorimotor Integration by a
... Figure 3. State-dependent switching of sensorimotor integration. A, Recording of the same LP neuron (maximal spontaneous membrane hyperpolarization, ⫺60 mV) during three identical series of vpln stimulations applied 1 hr apart during intrasomatic injection of different levels of constant current (⫹1 ...
... Figure 3. State-dependent switching of sensorimotor integration. A, Recording of the same LP neuron (maximal spontaneous membrane hyperpolarization, ⫺60 mV) during three identical series of vpln stimulations applied 1 hr apart during intrasomatic injection of different levels of constant current (⫹1 ...
Cholinergic Cell Loss and Hypertrophy in the Medial Septal Nucleus
... from the plots. Because our intention was to compare the relative number of labeled neurons in young and aged brains, rather than to derive an accurate estimate of the total number of cholinergic medial septal cells in the monkey brain, stereological correction factors were not employed. Cells were ...
... from the plots. Because our intention was to compare the relative number of labeled neurons in young and aged brains, rather than to derive an accurate estimate of the total number of cholinergic medial septal cells in the monkey brain, stereological correction factors were not employed. Cells were ...
identification of central cholinergic neurons containing both choline
... was localized immunohistochemically and AChE was localized histochemically in normal, colchicinetreated, or diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-treated rats, either in neighboring sections by standard procedures or simultaneously in the same sections by immunofluorescence for ChAT, followed by photogra ...
... was localized immunohistochemically and AChE was localized histochemically in normal, colchicinetreated, or diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-treated rats, either in neighboring sections by standard procedures or simultaneously in the same sections by immunofluorescence for ChAT, followed by photogra ...
Bursting Neurons Signal Input Slope
... Brief bursts of high-frequency action potentials represent a common firing mode of pyramidal neurons, and there are indications that they represent a special neural code. It is therefore of interest to determine whether there are particular spatial and temporal features of neuronal inputs that trigg ...
... Brief bursts of high-frequency action potentials represent a common firing mode of pyramidal neurons, and there are indications that they represent a special neural code. It is therefore of interest to determine whether there are particular spatial and temporal features of neuronal inputs that trigg ...
Brain Development
... Reprinted with permission from What’s Going On In There? By Lise Elliot, PhD, Random House, 1999, ...
... Reprinted with permission from What’s Going On In There? By Lise Elliot, PhD, Random House, 1999, ...
Functional and comparative assessments of the octopus learning
... mechanisms, as complete blocking of the postsynaptic response only blocked LTP induction in about half the cases (39). None of these induction mechanisms appear to involve NMDA-like receptors, because the induction was not affected by APV or MK-801 (Hochner et al., 2003) (39). This issue remains to ...
... mechanisms, as complete blocking of the postsynaptic response only blocked LTP induction in about half the cases (39). None of these induction mechanisms appear to involve NMDA-like receptors, because the induction was not affected by APV or MK-801 (Hochner et al., 2003) (39). This issue remains to ...
PAIN CONTROL THEORIES
... Pain Perceptions – based on expectations, past experience, anxiety, suggestions – Affective – one’s emotional factors that can affect pain experience – Behavioral – how one expresses or controls pain – Cognitive – one’s beliefs (attitudes) about pain ...
... Pain Perceptions – based on expectations, past experience, anxiety, suggestions – Affective – one’s emotional factors that can affect pain experience – Behavioral – how one expresses or controls pain – Cognitive – one’s beliefs (attitudes) about pain ...
Subthalamic Stimulation-Induced Synaptic Responses in Substantia
... Tepper. Subthalamic stimulation-induced synaptic responses in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 925–933, 1999. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is one of the principal sources of excitatory glutamatergic input to dopaminergic neurons of the substantia ni ...
... Tepper. Subthalamic stimulation-induced synaptic responses in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 925–933, 1999. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is one of the principal sources of excitatory glutamatergic input to dopaminergic neurons of the substantia ni ...
Different Types of Cerebellar GABAergic Interneurons Originate from
... transplantation experiments indicate that the developmental potential of cerebellar progenitors is progressively restricted toward late-generated types (Jankovski et al., 1996; Carletti et al., 2002; Grimaldi et al., 2005). Therefore, to investigate the mechanisms that regulate the generation of GAB ...
... transplantation experiments indicate that the developmental potential of cerebellar progenitors is progressively restricted toward late-generated types (Jankovski et al., 1996; Carletti et al., 2002; Grimaldi et al., 2005). Therefore, to investigate the mechanisms that regulate the generation of GAB ...
Evidence for Apoptotic Cell Death in Huntington Disease and
... these two processes are mutually exclusive. For example, in the nervous system, features of apoptosis may be present in some types of anoxic-ischemic injury, a classical type of necrotic cell death (Goto et al., 1990; Tominaga et al., 1993). Although it has been suggested that neurodegenerative dise ...
... these two processes are mutually exclusive. For example, in the nervous system, features of apoptosis may be present in some types of anoxic-ischemic injury, a classical type of necrotic cell death (Goto et al., 1990; Tominaga et al., 1993). Although it has been suggested that neurodegenerative dise ...
Unit III: Biological Basis of Behavior
... New technologies are enabling neuroscientists to access the brain in new ways providing remarkable insight • lesioning: destruction of brain tissue – helps to provide insight into brain function • stimulation: using electrical, chemical, magnetic activity to facilitate brain function • Electroenceph ...
... New technologies are enabling neuroscientists to access the brain in new ways providing remarkable insight • lesioning: destruction of brain tissue – helps to provide insight into brain function • stimulation: using electrical, chemical, magnetic activity to facilitate brain function • Electroenceph ...
Selective amplification of the S
... space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectively. (A cardinal stimulus isolates one postreceptoral mechanism and is invisible to the other two, and hence is defined as the direction in cone ...
... space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each of the three different post-receptoral mechanisms, respectively. (A cardinal stimulus isolates one postreceptoral mechanism and is invisible to the other two, and hence is defined as the direction in cone ...
Use of an Amino-Cupric-Silver Technique for the Detection of Early
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... on the monkey’s capacity to recognize actions made by other monkeys. In practice, this is not so. First, the mirror-neuron system is bilateral and includes, as shown above, large portions of the parietal and premotor cortex. Second, there are other mechanisms that may mediate action recognition (see ...
... on the monkey’s capacity to recognize actions made by other monkeys. In practice, this is not so. First, the mirror-neuron system is bilateral and includes, as shown above, large portions of the parietal and premotor cortex. Second, there are other mechanisms that may mediate action recognition (see ...
Spike sorting: the overlapping spikes challenge
... dissimilarity due to the characteristic amplitude distribution and consequently provides a better separability. The runtime and the computational effort increase with rising number of channels. However, the optimal number of channels is yet unknown. The runtime increases massively with rising number ...
... dissimilarity due to the characteristic amplitude distribution and consequently provides a better separability. The runtime and the computational effort increase with rising number of channels. However, the optimal number of channels is yet unknown. The runtime increases massively with rising number ...
Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat
... In the mammalian central nervous system, the majority of the serotonergic neurons are found within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) (Dahlström and Fuxe, 1964). By means of their widespread projections throughout the entire brain, these neurons are thought to play a crucial role in a variety of physio ...
... In the mammalian central nervous system, the majority of the serotonergic neurons are found within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) (Dahlström and Fuxe, 1964). By means of their widespread projections throughout the entire brain, these neurons are thought to play a crucial role in a variety of physio ...