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... and are therefore removed during metamorphosis, the larval-to-adult transition. Here, pruning serves the removal of developmental intermediates. A distinction that is often made is between small-scale and large-scale pruning. Small-scale pruning refers to the pruning of single synapses or small stre ...
... and are therefore removed during metamorphosis, the larval-to-adult transition. Here, pruning serves the removal of developmental intermediates. A distinction that is often made is between small-scale and large-scale pruning. Small-scale pruning refers to the pruning of single synapses or small stre ...
Shape Selectivity in Primate Frontal Eye Field
... (shapes or faces) versus spatial properties (e.g., Hoshi et al. 2000; Ó Scalaidhe et al. 1999; Wilson et al. 1993). However, other studies have not found regional dissociations between prefrontal neurons that are sensitive to object properties (shapes or colors) and those sensitive to spatial prope ...
... (shapes or faces) versus spatial properties (e.g., Hoshi et al. 2000; Ó Scalaidhe et al. 1999; Wilson et al. 1993). However, other studies have not found regional dissociations between prefrontal neurons that are sensitive to object properties (shapes or colors) and those sensitive to spatial prope ...
Big Myth or Major Miss? - Perceptual Science Laboratory
... resist the temptation to conclude that Hickok’s first argument (we can recognize actions we cannot perform) is arguing against a straw man interpretation of mirror neuron theory. Does it make sense to ...
... resist the temptation to conclude that Hickok’s first argument (we can recognize actions we cannot perform) is arguing against a straw man interpretation of mirror neuron theory. Does it make sense to ...
news release - Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal
... that form our nerves) in order to connect to their correct targets. Growing axons are, in turn, guided towards their targets by signals transmitted from molecules called “ligands,” which bind to special “receptors” on the surface of the axon. “What is really surprising is that our nerves develop usi ...
... that form our nerves) in order to connect to their correct targets. Growing axons are, in turn, guided towards their targets by signals transmitted from molecules called “ligands,” which bind to special “receptors” on the surface of the axon. “What is really surprising is that our nerves develop usi ...
The differing effects of occipital and trunk somites on neural
... dorsal root ganglia are never fully formed. One or two ganglia do develop transiently, in the region of the caudal hypoglossal rootlets and the first cervical spinal nerve. These are known as 'Froriep's' ganglia, so named by Wilhelm His (1888) after their discoverer (Froriep, 1882). The two to four ...
... dorsal root ganglia are never fully formed. One or two ganglia do develop transiently, in the region of the caudal hypoglossal rootlets and the first cervical spinal nerve. These are known as 'Froriep's' ganglia, so named by Wilhelm His (1888) after their discoverer (Froriep, 1882). The two to four ...
reciprocal inhibition in the motor nervous system of the nematode
... Figure 9. Interaction between a DE2 neuron and more posterior VI neurons. The DE21 neuron synapses onto the next three posterior VI neurons. A weak response of the VI:,, neuron was revealed by signal averaging techniques in two of five experiments. No interaction with the VI& was observed. The diagr ...
... Figure 9. Interaction between a DE2 neuron and more posterior VI neurons. The DE21 neuron synapses onto the next three posterior VI neurons. A weak response of the VI:,, neuron was revealed by signal averaging techniques in two of five experiments. No interaction with the VI& was observed. The diagr ...
1. An introductions to clinical neurology: path physiology, diagnosis
... densely packed small nerve cells, the granular cells, as well as occasional larger cells, the Golgi cells. Purkinje Cell B This is the largest and most characteristic cell of the cerebellum. A Nissl stain will show only a pear-shaped cell body B4 filled with large Nissl bodies or granules. The larg ...
... densely packed small nerve cells, the granular cells, as well as occasional larger cells, the Golgi cells. Purkinje Cell B This is the largest and most characteristic cell of the cerebellum. A Nissl stain will show only a pear-shaped cell body B4 filled with large Nissl bodies or granules. The larg ...
Visual speech circuits in profound acquired
... brain. Earplugs and earmuffs were provided both to controls and deaf subjects to equate experimental environment. In each run, 244 functional images were acquired. The first four images from each run were discarded to reach a steady state—each experimental session thus yielded 480 scans per subject. ...
... brain. Earplugs and earmuffs were provided both to controls and deaf subjects to equate experimental environment. In each run, 244 functional images were acquired. The first four images from each run were discarded to reach a steady state—each experimental session thus yielded 480 scans per subject. ...
Clonal analysis of the mushroom bodies
... characteristic antigen compositions, Davis and his colleagues proposed that there are three types of neurons with different characteristic axonal projections (Crittenden et al., 1998). One type of neurons (red) project their axons only into the γ lobe, another type of neurons (green) have branched a ...
... characteristic antigen compositions, Davis and his colleagues proposed that there are three types of neurons with different characteristic axonal projections (Crittenden et al., 1998). One type of neurons (red) project their axons only into the γ lobe, another type of neurons (green) have branched a ...
Synapse Formation
... Agrin is release by the presynaptic terminal and activates a receptor complex that includes MuSK At the intracellular side of the postsynaptic membrane, rapsyn is required for agrin-mediated clustering ...
... Agrin is release by the presynaptic terminal and activates a receptor complex that includes MuSK At the intracellular side of the postsynaptic membrane, rapsyn is required for agrin-mediated clustering ...
Modelling Cerebellar Function in Saccadic Adaptation
... using the cerebellum employ the same basic cerebellar algorithm • The investigator can therefore choose the most ‘appropriate’ motor task • In our case, control of the vestibulo-ocular reflex ...
... using the cerebellum employ the same basic cerebellar algorithm • The investigator can therefore choose the most ‘appropriate’ motor task • In our case, control of the vestibulo-ocular reflex ...
Strasbourg, 15 April 1996 - Neurobiology and Developmental
... The long-term objective of this project is to investigate the mechanisms controlling changes in state mediated by brainstem, particularly mesopontine, mechanisms. The development of neurochemical control of local, ascending and descending pedonculopontine nucleus projections is the main area of stud ...
... The long-term objective of this project is to investigate the mechanisms controlling changes in state mediated by brainstem, particularly mesopontine, mechanisms. The development of neurochemical control of local, ascending and descending pedonculopontine nucleus projections is the main area of stud ...
Chapter 14-Nervous Tissue
... • Multipolar have many dendrites and one axon • most common in human body • motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands Dendrites Dendrites ...
... • Multipolar have many dendrites and one axon • most common in human body • motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands Dendrites Dendrites ...
The PLAT domain of LOV-1 interacts with ATP-2 to
... To ascertain the function of the PLAT domain, GFPtagged PLAT domain transgenes were introduced into wildtype animals. The mating behavior of transgenic animals is scored, with response and Lov defects being an effective readout of interference with polycystin signaling. The strong pkd-2 promoter is ...
... To ascertain the function of the PLAT domain, GFPtagged PLAT domain transgenes were introduced into wildtype animals. The mating behavior of transgenic animals is scored, with response and Lov defects being an effective readout of interference with polycystin signaling. The strong pkd-2 promoter is ...
Saccade Target Selection in the Superior - Smith
... whether this modulation is primarily linked to saccade initiation or could be related to target selection. We used a method developed by Thompson et al. (1996) to determine the temporal relationship between a neuron’s discrimination of the target and the latency of the subsequent movement. If the ti ...
... whether this modulation is primarily linked to saccade initiation or could be related to target selection. We used a method developed by Thompson et al. (1996) to determine the temporal relationship between a neuron’s discrimination of the target and the latency of the subsequent movement. If the ti ...
Biologically active peptides in molluscs
... adjustment of biochemical and physiological pathways. The immune and neuroendocrine systems play a fundamental role in this complex mechanism that thanks to the fluid compartment wetting/covering the cells of the body, transfers biologically active peptides (BAP), such as neuropeptides and hormones, ...
... adjustment of biochemical and physiological pathways. The immune and neuroendocrine systems play a fundamental role in this complex mechanism that thanks to the fluid compartment wetting/covering the cells of the body, transfers biologically active peptides (BAP), such as neuropeptides and hormones, ...
Wang et al 2photon calcium imaging of odor in fly brain cell 2003
... the brain (Stocker, 1994; Laissue et al., 1999). Individual sensory neurons are likely to express only one of about 80 odorant receptor genes (Clyne et al., 1999; Vosshall et al., 1999; Gao and Chess, 1999; Vosshall et al., 2000; Scott et al., 2001; Dunipace et al., 2001) and 80% of the neurons also ...
... the brain (Stocker, 1994; Laissue et al., 1999). Individual sensory neurons are likely to express only one of about 80 odorant receptor genes (Clyne et al., 1999; Vosshall et al., 1999; Gao and Chess, 1999; Vosshall et al., 2000; Scott et al., 2001; Dunipace et al., 2001) and 80% of the neurons also ...
Acetylcholine - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... is replaced by the ⑀ subunit, so that the physiologic properties of the receptor are altered. In mice in which the ⑀ subunit has been knocked out, the neuromuscular junction nAChRs remain in the embryonic form; the consequence is survival past birth with progressive muscle degeneration and lethality ...
... is replaced by the ⑀ subunit, so that the physiologic properties of the receptor are altered. In mice in which the ⑀ subunit has been knocked out, the neuromuscular junction nAChRs remain in the embryonic form; the consequence is survival past birth with progressive muscle degeneration and lethality ...
Robust path integration in the entorhinal grid cell - cneuro
... of sensory inputs. In rodents these types include auditory, tactile, visual (allothetic) and self-motion (idiothetic) information (Maaswinkel and Whishaw 1999). Integration of these modalities into a unified representation of the environment might serve as the basis for navigation in animals at a hi ...
... of sensory inputs. In rodents these types include auditory, tactile, visual (allothetic) and self-motion (idiothetic) information (Maaswinkel and Whishaw 1999). Integration of these modalities into a unified representation of the environment might serve as the basis for navigation in animals at a hi ...
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... network similar to those of Tritonia, because the animals share apparently homologous networks for these behaviors (Jing and Gillette, 1995; Jing et al., 1997; Jing and Gillette, 1998). In this animal, 5-HT stimulates multiple aspects of behavioral activity, including feeding behavior (Palovick et a ...
... network similar to those of Tritonia, because the animals share apparently homologous networks for these behaviors (Jing and Gillette, 1995; Jing et al., 1997; Jing and Gillette, 1998). In this animal, 5-HT stimulates multiple aspects of behavioral activity, including feeding behavior (Palovick et a ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... Studies of insect identified neurons over the past 25 years have provided some of the very best data on sensorimotor integration; tracing information flow from sensory to motor networks. General principles have emerged that have increased the sophistication with which we now understand both sensory ...
... Studies of insect identified neurons over the past 25 years have provided some of the very best data on sensorimotor integration; tracing information flow from sensory to motor networks. General principles have emerged that have increased the sophistication with which we now understand both sensory ...
Cortex Brainstem Spinal Cord Thalamus Cerebellum Basal Ganglia
... first, then larger neurons. Smaller neurons are connected to the slow fatigue resistant fibers and hence slow fibers are activated first. The fast-fatigue resistant fibers are recruited next and finally the fast fibers are recruited. This arrangement makes sense for several reasons: 1) Simplified mo ...
... first, then larger neurons. Smaller neurons are connected to the slow fatigue resistant fibers and hence slow fibers are activated first. The fast-fatigue resistant fibers are recruited next and finally the fast fibers are recruited. This arrangement makes sense for several reasons: 1) Simplified mo ...
Oculomotor System
... Lesion of the right MLF disrupts axons of internuclear neurons whose cell bodies are located in the abducens nucleus and which project to the right medial rectus cell group of the oculomotor nucleus. On looking to the left, the ipsilateral eye (on the lesioned side) will not adduct on attempted conj ...
... Lesion of the right MLF disrupts axons of internuclear neurons whose cell bodies are located in the abducens nucleus and which project to the right medial rectus cell group of the oculomotor nucleus. On looking to the left, the ipsilateral eye (on the lesioned side) will not adduct on attempted conj ...
Sensitization of the Trigeminal Sensory System During Different
... delayed by artificially raising serum estradiol levels during the perimenstrual time period. Intramuscular injection of progesterone prior to menstruation did not delay the onset of menstrual migraine.3 He later administered a short-acting estrogen preparation to menstrual migraineurs during the mid ...
... delayed by artificially raising serum estradiol levels during the perimenstrual time period. Intramuscular injection of progesterone prior to menstruation did not delay the onset of menstrual migraine.3 He later administered a short-acting estrogen preparation to menstrual migraineurs during the mid ...
Historical analysis of the neural control of movement from the
... motor acts in humans. Moreover, because of their differences, it is very hard to interpret experiments in which some maneuver affects the jerk and the H reflex differentially. Every tool has to be critically tested and scrutinized before it can be widely deployed. Every new method provides a wonderf ...
... motor acts in humans. Moreover, because of their differences, it is very hard to interpret experiments in which some maneuver affects the jerk and the H reflex differentially. Every tool has to be critically tested and scrutinized before it can be widely deployed. Every new method provides a wonderf ...