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11 Other Punctuation Marks - McGraw Hill Higher Education
11 Other Punctuation Marks - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... the house and cooks; Lana does the laundry and the grocery shopping. To join two complete statements with a transitional word. I’ve never liked my father-in-law; furthermore, he knows it. Note Other transitional words that may come after a semicolon include however, moreover, therefore, thus, also, ...
the linguistics of endangered languages
the linguistics of endangered languages

... display a limited set of personal reference endings (e.g. with subject markers only, or with an incomplete set of endings encoding both an actor and a patient in a transitive relation), to expand their inventory without having recourse to object markers specified for grammatical person. Instead, the ...
Where does heteroclisis come from? Evidence from Romanian
Where does heteroclisis come from? Evidence from Romanian

... I comment later on the significance of the allomorphs cos- and cus-, a feature unique to this verb. ...
Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project
Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank Project

... conventions. One general rule, however, is so important that we state it here. Many texts are not models of good prose, and some contain outright errors and slips of the pen. Do not be tempted to correct a tag to what it would be if the text were correct; rather, it is the incorrect word that should ...
“Indeed, it takes only a single system of grammar to provide
“Indeed, it takes only a single system of grammar to provide

... of the Yucatecan family in which “. . . all roots share a general template CVC that is associated with a matrix in which both Cs are completely determined but V only partially so”(Lois and Vapnarsky 2003, 18). In the Yucatecan languages (Yucatec, Itza’, Mopan, and Lacandon), qualities of the vowel, ...
the english tongue. - Cunningham Memorial Library
the english tongue. - Cunningham Memorial Library

... familiar with every dialect of Greek, and every variety of classical style, there should be so few who have really made themselves acquainted with the origin, the nlstory, and the gradual developmeut into Its present form of that mother wugue which 18 already spoken over half the world, and which em ...
A semantic analysis of the verbal prefix o(b)- in Croatian
A semantic analysis of the verbal prefix o(b)- in Croatian

... encompassing of an object by an action; 2a) bringing into a state by fulfillment of an action; b) supply, burden, exposure to a process; c) finishing an action; 3) doing on a surface; and 4) being encompassed by an action or brought into a state.8 The link between these meanings is not indicated, al ...
Binomial Expressions with Reference to Du`aa as
Binomial Expressions with Reference to Du`aa as

... 4. Subdivision of one another 5. One is the consequence of the other An example of (1) is ‘death and destruction’ which is used to “add colour and emphasis to a bare statement.”. The point here is that one member of the pair includes the other. The second category is illustrated with ‘soul and spir ...
A brief grammar of euskara - Addi - University of the Basque Country
A brief grammar of euskara - Addi - University of the Basque Country

... where it is shown that it is not really a definite article ('the'), but very often it can be translated as such. In those examples where the determiner a was not the issue, and where its translation was indeed 'the', I have chosen to write 'the' in the gloss, so you can find it easily. Naming morphe ...
Le: from pronoun to intensifier*
Le: from pronoun to intensifier*

... leı́smo means that le is used less as an NP argument and more as an oblique: concomitant with the decline of le in two-participant situations is an increase in its co-occurrence with an NP argument in threeparticipant situations (e.g. LE llevava su comida ‘he was bringing his food TO HIM’ (DLNE 95, ...
ROA 1229 - Rutgers Optimality Archive
ROA 1229 - Rutgers Optimality Archive

... following syllable, this finding does not carry over to verbs, I argue the patterns of palatalisation associated with verbs are stress-conditioned also, albeit not in the same manner as with nouns and adjectives. In verbal paradigms, palatalisation takes place, regardless of stress, before front vo ...
grammar of the Basque
grammar of the Basque

... shown that it is not really a definite article ('the'), but very often it can be translated as such. In those examples where the determiner a was not the issue, and where its translation was indeed 'the', I have chosen to write 'the' in the gloss, so you can find it easily. Naming morphemes. You wil ...
Grammar - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill
Grammar - Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

... • A question is a sentence that asks something. • All sentences begin with a capital letter and end with a period or question mark. Write sentence, question, or fragment for each group of words. Write each group of words as a sentence with the correct punctuation. 1. the cat feeds her kittens 2. is ...
Relativization versus nominalization strategies in
Relativization versus nominalization strategies in

... tense, aspect, and modal suffixes is often such a structural adjustment. Tense, aspect, and modal suffixes are absent in Chimariko relative clauses. Another piece of evidence for clausal nominalization is the position of the nominalized clause. A nominalized clause occupies a prototypical nominal po ...
Arguments for Pseudo-Resultative Predicates
Arguments for Pseudo-Resultative Predicates

... Another constituent that would in principle be available for modification is the event denoted by the verb or verb phrase. Pseudo-resultatives have previously been described as ‘adverbial’ (Washio 1997; Mateu 2000; Kratzer 2005). Washio (1997) suggests that these ‘spurious resultatives,’ as he calls ...
WRL3410.tmp - Princeton University
WRL3410.tmp - Princeton University

... to corresponding nominal forms (spit, piss). However, the felicity of other examples (e.g. 2,3) undermines such an account since the verbs sneeze and blow do not have nominal morphological counterparts corresponding to their respective emissions. A proponent of a syntactic incorporation account migh ...
word classes and part-of-speech tagging
word classes and part-of-speech tagging

... types and open class types. Closed classes are those that have relatively fixed membership. For example, prepositions are a closed class because there is a fixed set of them in English; new prepositions are rarely coined. By contrast nouns and verbs are open classes because new nouns and verbs are c ...
A unified analysis of the English bare plural
A unified analysis of the English bare plural

... and Burton-Roberts ...
A unified analysis of the English bare plural
A unified analysis of the English bare plural

... and Burton-Roberts ...
1 Sumerian in a Nutshell
1 Sumerian in a Nutshell

... Stem present-future marker (in intransitive verbs) pronominal suffix (referring to A, S, or P depending on the tense) Subordinator ...
Formal Commands - Villanova University
Formal Commands - Villanova University

... something. This is often referred to as the "imperative" form of the verb.  Compre Ud. el anillo. (You) Buy the ring. Haga Ud. la tarea. (You) Do the homework. Compren Uds. los libros. (You-all) Buy the books. ...
1 The Functions of Non-Final Verbs and Their Aspectual Categories
1 The Functions of Non-Final Verbs and Their Aspectual Categories

... the discussion of non-final verbs is the notion of the NM sentence. For the purpose of this study, I define a NM sentence as minimally a clause which includes a final verb. As will be seen in the discussion below (in both §34), it is not uncommon to have many clauses joined in chains into a single s ...
Kατεβάστε
Kατεβάστε

... This book is a user-friendly grammar of Modern Greek. It aims to be a comprehensive navigator, which will help absolute beginners like you get inside the world of Modern Greek and explore it safely. I guess that this world is hardly known to most of you, so a brief introduction might help. (But if t ...
Case of Personal Pronouns
Case of Personal Pronouns

... as the goddess of agriculture? 2Hades, (who/whom) ruled the underworld, admired Persephone, the daughter of Demeter, and he kidnapped her. 3Persephone, (who/whom) Hades made queen of the underworld, could not escape. 4Demeter, (who/whom) had grown angry at the loss of her daughter, refused to allow ...
Penn Treebank Tagset
Penn Treebank Tagset

... By contrast, when there is used adverbially, it receives at least some stress and does not trigger inversion. EXAMPLES: There/RB, a party was in progress. There/RB, a melee ensued. Existential and adverbial there can both occur together in the same sentence. EXAMPLE: ...
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Ojibwe grammar

The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. It is one of the largest American Indian languages north of Mexico in terms of number of speakers, and exhibits a large number of divergent dialects. For the most part, this article describes the Minnesota variety of the Southwestern dialect. The orthography used is the Fiero Double-Vowel System.Like many American languages, Ojibwe is polysynthetic, meaning it exhibits a great deal of synthesis and a very high morpheme-to-word ratio (e.g., the single word for ""they are Chinese"" is aniibiishaabookewininiiwiwag, which contains seven morphemes: elm-PEJORATIVE-liquid-make-man-be-PLURAL, or approximately ""they are leaf-soup [i.e., tea] makers""). It is agglutinating, and thus builds up words by stringing morpheme after morpheme together, rather than having several affixes which carry numerous different pieces of information.Like most Algonquian languages, Ojibwe distinguishes two different kinds of third person, a proximate and an obviative. The proximate is a traditional third person, while the obviative (also frequently called ""fourth person"") marks a less important third person if more than one third person is taking part in an action. In other words, Ojibwe uses the obviative to avoid the confusion that could be created by English sentences such as ""John and Bill were good friends, ever since the day he first saw him"" (who saw whom?). In Ojibwe, one of the two participants would be marked as proximate (whichever one was deemed more important), and the other marked as obviative.
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