Coherence a measure of the brain networks: past and present
... Effective and Functional Connectivity measurements can be analyzed in the Frequency Domain with methods such as Coherence and Phase synchrony or in the Time Domain with methods such as Correlation and Granger Causality. Coherence and Phase synchrony are common mathematical methods for quantifying fr ...
... Effective and Functional Connectivity measurements can be analyzed in the Frequency Domain with methods such as Coherence and Phase synchrony or in the Time Domain with methods such as Correlation and Granger Causality. Coherence and Phase synchrony are common mathematical methods for quantifying fr ...
Quantitative morphological changes in neurons from the dorsal
... encouraged great advances and diversification in neurobiological methodologies, which are applicable not only to humans but to other animal species. Given the difficulty of carrying out this type of research on humans, laboratory animals are used. Among these, rodents present many advantages (Masoro ...
... encouraged great advances and diversification in neurobiological methodologies, which are applicable not only to humans but to other animal species. Given the difficulty of carrying out this type of research on humans, laboratory animals are used. Among these, rodents present many advantages (Masoro ...
Loss of orexin/NARP neurons in human narcolepsy
... dorsomedial nucleus, and perifornical region. Caudally, cells were abundant in the lateral and posterior hypothalamus. Across the entire ORX field, nearly all ORX-ir neurons contained NARP-immunoreactivity. In two cases of narcolepsy with cataplexy, the number of NARP-ir neurons was markedly reduced ...
... dorsomedial nucleus, and perifornical region. Caudally, cells were abundant in the lateral and posterior hypothalamus. Across the entire ORX field, nearly all ORX-ir neurons contained NARP-immunoreactivity. In two cases of narcolepsy with cataplexy, the number of NARP-ir neurons was markedly reduced ...
Timing of Impulses From the Central Amygdala and Bed Nucleus of
... Evoked responses were recorded in CE and BNST with highimpedance (10 –12 M⍀) tungsten microelectrodes (FHC, Bowdoin, ME). The positions of the microlectrodes were adjusted independently with micromanipulators. A subset of rats was prepared with electrolytic lesions of the stria terminalis. Such lesi ...
... Evoked responses were recorded in CE and BNST with highimpedance (10 –12 M⍀) tungsten microelectrodes (FHC, Bowdoin, ME). The positions of the microlectrodes were adjusted independently with micromanipulators. A subset of rats was prepared with electrolytic lesions of the stria terminalis. Such lesi ...
Techniques and Methods to Implement Neural Networks Using SAS
... In this paper will focus on a three-layer Feedforward Backpropagation neural net . By being able to design and implement a simple neural net model in Base SAS we can know how to build more complicated neural network models. In addition we will demonstrate this application using a .NET “wrapper” inte ...
... In this paper will focus on a three-layer Feedforward Backpropagation neural net . By being able to design and implement a simple neural net model in Base SAS we can know how to build more complicated neural network models. In addition we will demonstrate this application using a .NET “wrapper” inte ...
Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
... The modulation of caudate neural activity could instead be considered a kind of attentional modulation. However, this is conceptually different from the type of attention investigated in previous studies. Thus, the previous studies on attention1–3 were based on the ‘attend-versus-ignore’ comparison, ...
... The modulation of caudate neural activity could instead be considered a kind of attentional modulation. However, this is conceptually different from the type of attention investigated in previous studies. Thus, the previous studies on attention1–3 were based on the ‘attend-versus-ignore’ comparison, ...
Review Energy limitation as a selective pressure on the evolution of
... are equally applicable throughout the nervous system. Examples are taken from a wide range of sensory modalities in both vertebrates and invertebrates. We aim to place the studies we review into an evolutionary framework. We combine experimentally determined measures of energy consumption from whole ...
... are equally applicable throughout the nervous system. Examples are taken from a wide range of sensory modalities in both vertebrates and invertebrates. We aim to place the studies we review into an evolutionary framework. We combine experimentally determined measures of energy consumption from whole ...
Information transmission and recovery in neural communications
... may be recovered at a later waystation and thus become useful again. Our discussion of the transmission properties of active neural channels is phrased in the context of an idealized channel composed on one neuron N1 that receives information in the form of a spike train and passes this on, modulate ...
... may be recovered at a later waystation and thus become useful again. Our discussion of the transmission properties of active neural channels is phrased in the context of an idealized channel composed on one neuron N1 that receives information in the form of a spike train and passes this on, modulate ...
Basic principles of attention and decision
... • Tasks demanding overt attention make difficult to disentangle attention and motor action • Firing rate correlates with accumulation of sensory evidence LIP represents a final stage for the selection of specific courses of action, dynamically incorporating information (even at 0%!) Gottlieb and B ...
... • Tasks demanding overt attention make difficult to disentangle attention and motor action • Firing rate correlates with accumulation of sensory evidence LIP represents a final stage for the selection of specific courses of action, dynamically incorporating information (even at 0%!) Gottlieb and B ...
The neural basis for combinatorial coding in a cortical population response
... events: either a cell generates an action potential or it remains silent (Adrian, 1926). If we average, either over long periods of time or over many presentations of the same sensory inputs, then we can recover a continuous description of neural responses in terms of the firing rate or probability ...
... events: either a cell generates an action potential or it remains silent (Adrian, 1926). If we average, either over long periods of time or over many presentations of the same sensory inputs, then we can recover a continuous description of neural responses in terms of the firing rate or probability ...
Impact of correlated inputs to neurons
... can both be independently regulated by inputs. Intriguingly, membrane potentials of neighboring neurons were found to be highly correlated (Okun and Lampl 2008; Poulet and Petersen 2008; Gentet et al. 2010), but their spike responses were not (Gentet et al. 2010). Earlier theoretical work (de la Roc ...
... can both be independently regulated by inputs. Intriguingly, membrane potentials of neighboring neurons were found to be highly correlated (Okun and Lampl 2008; Poulet and Petersen 2008; Gentet et al. 2010), but their spike responses were not (Gentet et al. 2010). Earlier theoretical work (de la Roc ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. • 2. The paravertebral and collateral ganglia are associated with the _____________ division of the autonomic nervous system, while terminal ganglia are associated with the ______________ division. • 3. Mass activation is a property of both the sympathetic and ...
... and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. • 2. The paravertebral and collateral ganglia are associated with the _____________ division of the autonomic nervous system, while terminal ganglia are associated with the ______________ division. • 3. Mass activation is a property of both the sympathetic and ...
characterisation of dopamine neurons of the murine ventral
... neurons originating from this region project and receive input from various other brain regions and through several neurotransmitter systems. The attention was concentrated on the excitatory modulation suggested to regulate important functions of synaptic plasticity, which have been associated with ...
... neurons originating from this region project and receive input from various other brain regions and through several neurotransmitter systems. The attention was concentrated on the excitatory modulation suggested to regulate important functions of synaptic plasticity, which have been associated with ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... sensors, however, which must be detected optically—a technical challenge in vivo, particularly for deep brain structures—ChR2 can be detected electrophysiologically in vivo: illumination of ChR2tagged neurons with a brief flash of blue light triggers a short latency reliable action potential (Figure ...
... sensors, however, which must be detected optically—a technical challenge in vivo, particularly for deep brain structures—ChR2 can be detected electrophysiologically in vivo: illumination of ChR2tagged neurons with a brief flash of blue light triggers a short latency reliable action potential (Figure ...
Functions of the Nervous System
... When the central neuron is excited, the efferent impulse is conducted outward along the axon, at the same time, also can excite a inhibitory interneuron though its collateral branch, then cause the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter, which inhibit the previously excited neurons, this kind of inh ...
... When the central neuron is excited, the efferent impulse is conducted outward along the axon, at the same time, also can excite a inhibitory interneuron though its collateral branch, then cause the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter, which inhibit the previously excited neurons, this kind of inh ...
Optimization of neuronal cultures derived from human
... Reporter Viral Transduction. For analysis of presynaptic function, cultures were infected with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) used to deliver a synaptophysin-pHluorin fusion fluorescent reporter construct (sypHy). The synaptophysin-pHluorin reporter and the human synapsin promoter sequences were as ...
... Reporter Viral Transduction. For analysis of presynaptic function, cultures were infected with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) used to deliver a synaptophysin-pHluorin fusion fluorescent reporter construct (sypHy). The synaptophysin-pHluorin reporter and the human synapsin promoter sequences were as ...
Loading “EBSCOhost”
... discovery in recent times. "This completely changes the way we think about how the brain works," says Marco Iacoboni, a mirror-neuron researcher at the University of California, Los Angeles. Cognitive neuroscientist Vilayanur S. Ramachandran of the University of California, San Diego, even ventures ...
... discovery in recent times. "This completely changes the way we think about how the brain works," says Marco Iacoboni, a mirror-neuron researcher at the University of California, Los Angeles. Cognitive neuroscientist Vilayanur S. Ramachandran of the University of California, San Diego, even ventures ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... stimulator (Astro-Medical) and the A360 constant-current unit (World frequency tuning were disappeared. Precision Instrument), were delivered to the primary auditory cortex Data processing. Single-unit action potentials were isolated from the through this electrode. An indifferent electrode for reco ...
... stimulator (Astro-Medical) and the A360 constant-current unit (World frequency tuning were disappeared. Precision Instrument), were delivered to the primary auditory cortex Data processing. Single-unit action potentials were isolated from the through this electrode. An indifferent electrode for reco ...
polyneuronal innervation of the fast muscles of the marine teleost
... The error signal operates a relay (R) that activates a solenoid to open a tap and allow cold water (c. s° C.) to flow into the water bath. C.R., Carpenter relay; R., mains voltage relay. ...
... The error signal operates a relay (R) that activates a solenoid to open a tap and allow cold water (c. s° C.) to flow into the water bath. C.R., Carpenter relay; R., mains voltage relay. ...
Temporal Dependent Plasticity: An Information Theoretic Approach
... The analysis so far has concentrated on the supervised learning case, where the identity of the presented pattern was used by the learning rule. Could these results be extended to the unsupervised case? A possible replacement for the teacher's learning signal is the postsynaptic spike: If spikes are ...
... The analysis so far has concentrated on the supervised learning case, where the identity of the presented pattern was used by the learning rule. Could these results be extended to the unsupervised case? A possible replacement for the teacher's learning signal is the postsynaptic spike: If spikes are ...
Interspike Intervals, Receptive Fields, and Information Encoding in
... plots depicting spatial snapshots that are sequential in time. Each map shows the average change in contrast in each of the stimulus pixels that significantly modulated the response for at least two consecutive 3.7 msec time bins ( p ⬍ 0.01 in each bin; the estimated impulse response was at least 2. ...
... plots depicting spatial snapshots that are sequential in time. Each map shows the average change in contrast in each of the stimulus pixels that significantly modulated the response for at least two consecutive 3.7 msec time bins ( p ⬍ 0.01 in each bin; the estimated impulse response was at least 2. ...
Modelling fast stimulus-response association learning along the
... weak connections with several neurons that can drive different responses, the activation of a specific response neuron at the same time as the presentation of the stimulus will lead to the strengthening of the connection linking the stimulus-specific neuron with the response-specific neuron. A conne ...
... weak connections with several neurons that can drive different responses, the activation of a specific response neuron at the same time as the presentation of the stimulus will lead to the strengthening of the connection linking the stimulus-specific neuron with the response-specific neuron. A conne ...
Chapter Two - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... W and acting part of you has to have a body to live in. Psychological life depends on biological life for its very existence. This means that the way we behave is influenced to a great extent by the nature of the body. If humans did not have hands that grasp, we might never have learned to write, pa ...
... W and acting part of you has to have a body to live in. Psychological life depends on biological life for its very existence. This means that the way we behave is influenced to a great extent by the nature of the body. If humans did not have hands that grasp, we might never have learned to write, pa ...
A cytoarchitectonic and TH-immunohistochemistry
... functional aspects of these neuronal groups in this species, broadening the basis for understanding evolutionary processes associated with the nuclear organization of this neuronal system. 2. Materials and methods Four young adult rock cavies (two males and two females), weighing between 300 and 400 ...
... functional aspects of these neuronal groups in this species, broadening the basis for understanding evolutionary processes associated with the nuclear organization of this neuronal system. 2. Materials and methods Four young adult rock cavies (two males and two females), weighing between 300 and 400 ...
Animal responses to the environment
... Neurons are classified according to their function as follows: Sensory or afferent neurons – conduct impulses from the receptors to the CNS and are mostly monopolar. Motor of efferent neurons – conduct impulses from the CNS to the effectors and are multipolar. Interneurons or connector neurons – con ...
... Neurons are classified according to their function as follows: Sensory or afferent neurons – conduct impulses from the receptors to the CNS and are mostly monopolar. Motor of efferent neurons – conduct impulses from the CNS to the effectors and are multipolar. Interneurons or connector neurons – con ...