Linking reward expectation to behavior in the basal ganglia
... light of recent theoretical work. For tasks in which the detection, discrimination or identification of a sensory stimulus leads directly to an action (such as an eye or arm movement), accuracy and response times can be accounted for by assuming that the sensory stimulus causes some (noisy) signal i ...
... light of recent theoretical work. For tasks in which the detection, discrimination or identification of a sensory stimulus leads directly to an action (such as an eye or arm movement), accuracy and response times can be accounted for by assuming that the sensory stimulus causes some (noisy) signal i ...
The Nervous System - Fisiokinesiterapia
... axon • Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane • The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration • This action requires ATP Slide 7.19 ...
... axon • Potassium ions rush out of the neuron after sodium ions rush in, which repolarizes the membrane • The sodium-potassium pump restores the original configuration • This action requires ATP Slide 7.19 ...
Dependent Inorganic Phosphate Cotransporter of Rat Brain
... analysis (Fig. l), we confirmed that rBNP1 is abundantly expressedin RNA extracted from the rat forebrain and cerebellum but relatively low levels of the transcript are found in RNA extracted from the midbrain. We used in situ hybridization to more precisely localize rBNP1 mRNA in regions of the rat ...
... analysis (Fig. l), we confirmed that rBNP1 is abundantly expressedin RNA extracted from the rat forebrain and cerebellum but relatively low levels of the transcript are found in RNA extracted from the midbrain. We used in situ hybridization to more precisely localize rBNP1 mRNA in regions of the rat ...
Nature template
... Numerous studies have reported precise time relations among spikes in the cortex (11-17). In some cases it was claimed that the results were attributed to insufficient statistics (1819). In some cases the analysis was limited to precise synchrony, and in some cases the relations to behavior were not ...
... Numerous studies have reported precise time relations among spikes in the cortex (11-17). In some cases it was claimed that the results were attributed to insufficient statistics (1819). In some cases the analysis was limited to precise synchrony, and in some cases the relations to behavior were not ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... Cell body (soma) of postsynaptic neuron Figure 11.16 ...
... Cell body (soma) of postsynaptic neuron Figure 11.16 ...
A Cellular Structure for Online Routing of Digital Spiking Neuron
... Figure 4 shows the internal architecture of the glial cells. Each glial cell consists of a synapse unit, ten MUXs, and eight DFFs for routing axons and dendrites. On each side of a glial cell, there is one axonal output coming from a pipeline DFF connected to a MUX. Each axonal MUX can switch to any ...
... Figure 4 shows the internal architecture of the glial cells. Each glial cell consists of a synapse unit, ten MUXs, and eight DFFs for routing axons and dendrites. On each side of a glial cell, there is one axonal output coming from a pipeline DFF connected to a MUX. Each axonal MUX can switch to any ...
Single-Unit Analysis of the Spinal Dorsal Horn in Patients With
... histogram is observed (humps at the left of the vertical bar). This allows one to isolate with certainty single-unit activity from multiunitary recordings. ...
... histogram is observed (humps at the left of the vertical bar). This allows one to isolate with certainty single-unit activity from multiunitary recordings. ...
Introduction to Psychology
... c) Describe the effects of MDMA on the brain and on behavior. d) Describe the effects of nicotine on the brain. e) Identify three types of opiates and describe their effects on behavior. f) Summarize the findings of Pert & Snyder. g) Discuss the medical uses and psychological effects of marijuana. h ...
... c) Describe the effects of MDMA on the brain and on behavior. d) Describe the effects of nicotine on the brain. e) Identify three types of opiates and describe their effects on behavior. f) Summarize the findings of Pert & Snyder. g) Discuss the medical uses and psychological effects of marijuana. h ...
Objectives
... d) Discuss the effects of enriched environments on neural development. e) Identify the brain area that is activated uniquely in the brains of blind people when they read Braille. f) Compare the brains of musicians and non-musicians. ...
... d) Discuss the effects of enriched environments on neural development. e) Identify the brain area that is activated uniquely in the brains of blind people when they read Braille. f) Compare the brains of musicians and non-musicians. ...
Axon Terminal Polarization Induced by Weak Uniform
... There are established analytical models to predict polarization of a semi-infinite or finite straight axon under external electric fields [6-9]; in particular for uniform electric fields the maximum polarization occurs at the terminals [9]. However, the real geometry of axons is evidently more compl ...
... There are established analytical models to predict polarization of a semi-infinite or finite straight axon under external electric fields [6-9]; in particular for uniform electric fields the maximum polarization occurs at the terminals [9]. However, the real geometry of axons is evidently more compl ...
What is the other 85% of V1 doing?
... Another bias that arises in sampling neurons, perhaps unintentionally, is that the process of hunting for neurons with a single micro-electrode will almost invariably steer one towards neurons with higher firing rates. This is especially disturbing in light of recent analyses showing that, based on ...
... Another bias that arises in sampling neurons, perhaps unintentionally, is that the process of hunting for neurons with a single micro-electrode will almost invariably steer one towards neurons with higher firing rates. This is especially disturbing in light of recent analyses showing that, based on ...
Microsoft Word 97 - 2003 Document
... moving about or changing locations. This increases their chances of obtaining organic nutrients and satisfying other needs. Organisms which move about, ourselves included, have many of their internal conditions regulated by endocrine glands and hormones. Even though hormones in most warm-blooded ani ...
... moving about or changing locations. This increases their chances of obtaining organic nutrients and satisfying other needs. Organisms which move about, ourselves included, have many of their internal conditions regulated by endocrine glands and hormones. Even though hormones in most warm-blooded ani ...
Neural Substrate Expansion for the Restoration of Brain
... external world. These devices, which include sensory modality replacements and conventional brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), are not designed to restore the function of a damaged brain; in fact, they typically require an intact brain for optimal usage. Nevertheless, they share similar technologies a ...
... external world. These devices, which include sensory modality replacements and conventional brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), are not designed to restore the function of a damaged brain; in fact, they typically require an intact brain for optimal usage. Nevertheless, they share similar technologies a ...
Brain Development
... stronger. Connections that are used become permanent. If a child receives little stimulation early on, the synapses will not develop, and the brain will make fewer connections. Recent research on one of the body’s “stress-sensitive” systems shows how very stressful experiences also shape a child’ ...
... stronger. Connections that are used become permanent. If a child receives little stimulation early on, the synapses will not develop, and the brain will make fewer connections. Recent research on one of the body’s “stress-sensitive” systems shows how very stressful experiences also shape a child’ ...
Smell and Taste
... (a) Taste buds line the trenches around tiny bumps on the tongue called papillae. There are three types of papillae, which are distributed on the tongue as shown in (b). The taste buds found in each type of papillae show slightly different sensitivities to the four basic tastes, as mapped out in th ...
... (a) Taste buds line the trenches around tiny bumps on the tongue called papillae. There are three types of papillae, which are distributed on the tongue as shown in (b). The taste buds found in each type of papillae show slightly different sensitivities to the four basic tastes, as mapped out in th ...
Appendix S1 Relation of local short
... Consequently, short-term SP characterises/reflects a particular class of neurons’ activities, where each of the activities has something common with the others within the class (one-class–to–one relation). Moreover, two classes of neurons’ activity do not overlap (otherwise the same configuration of ...
... Consequently, short-term SP characterises/reflects a particular class of neurons’ activities, where each of the activities has something common with the others within the class (one-class–to–one relation). Moreover, two classes of neurons’ activity do not overlap (otherwise the same configuration of ...
THE PEDAL NEURONS OF APLYSIA PUNCTATA
... There are no detailed accounts of the connexions and branching of the axons of neurons in the pedal ganglia of opisthobranchs. Most of the experiments on these ganglia have been limited to cutting and stimulating nerve trunks, and using these techniques, Frohlich (1910) demonstrated the role of the ...
... There are no detailed accounts of the connexions and branching of the axons of neurons in the pedal ganglia of opisthobranchs. Most of the experiments on these ganglia have been limited to cutting and stimulating nerve trunks, and using these techniques, Frohlich (1910) demonstrated the role of the ...
Brains, Bodies, and Behavior - 2012 Book Archive
... their effect may be either excitatory (i.e., they make the cell more likely to fire) or inhibitory (i.e., they make the cell less likely to fire). Furthermore, if the receiving neuron is able to accept more than one neurotransmitter, then it will be influenced by the excitatory and inhibitory proces ...
... their effect may be either excitatory (i.e., they make the cell more likely to fire) or inhibitory (i.e., they make the cell less likely to fire). Furthermore, if the receiving neuron is able to accept more than one neurotransmitter, then it will be influenced by the excitatory and inhibitory proces ...
Chapter 2
... receive multiple messages from other neurons. These multiple messages then determine if an action potential occurs or not. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 ...
... receive multiple messages from other neurons. These multiple messages then determine if an action potential occurs or not. ©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2010 ...
Tsodyks-Banbury-2006
... Open questions: How do precise spike patterns emerge in the cortex? How can they be robust in the presence of random firing of surrounding neurons? (Synfire chains? – I don’t like it!) What is the relation between the spike patterns and the stimuli that they are coding for? How can the information ...
... Open questions: How do precise spike patterns emerge in the cortex? How can they be robust in the presence of random firing of surrounding neurons? (Synfire chains? – I don’t like it!) What is the relation between the spike patterns and the stimuli that they are coding for? How can the information ...
The Area Postrema - Queen`s University
... of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) (van der Kooy and Koda 1983; Shapiro and Miselis 1985; see Fig. 3). Intriguingly information from the AP reaches the PVN through both monosynaptic and polysynaptic connections suggesting an integrative capacity wi ...
... of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) (van der Kooy and Koda 1983; Shapiro and Miselis 1985; see Fig. 3). Intriguingly information from the AP reaches the PVN through both monosynaptic and polysynaptic connections suggesting an integrative capacity wi ...
Building Production Systems with Realistic Spiking Neurons Terrence C. Stewart ()
... of complex perception activity, our current work aims to apply it to a cognitive domain. This is an extension of previous work (Eliasmith, 2005) where state-based rule following behaviour was shown using NEF and HRRs. However, the state which identified the HRR transformation rule to apply was merel ...
... of complex perception activity, our current work aims to apply it to a cognitive domain. This is an extension of previous work (Eliasmith, 2005) where state-based rule following behaviour was shown using NEF and HRRs. However, the state which identified the HRR transformation rule to apply was merel ...