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The Nervous System Notes
The Nervous System Notes

...  Interior- white matter – made of myelinated nerve tracts called white matter, nerve tract relaying impulses to & from cerebral cortex  gyrus (gyri)- elevated ridges on cerebral cortex  sulcus (sulci)- shallow grooves in cortex  Cerebral cortex - made up of tightly packed neurons and is the wrin ...
presentation source
presentation source

... FROM THE MOTOR CORTEX CORTICOSPINAL PATHWAY CORTICOBULBAR PATHWAY PYRAMIDAL TRACT LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT ...
Sensory systems
Sensory systems

... neurons, cortical areas that have similar spatial relationship • stimuli arriving through the sensory systems might induce reflexes at the level of the spinal cord, brain stem or cortex • we can become conscious of incoming information, it may be stored in the form of memory and it can evoke emotion ...
Chapter 15 - Nervous System Brain & Cranial Nerves
Chapter 15 - Nervous System Brain & Cranial Nerves

... Cerebrum composes the vast majority of the brain mass (80%). It is divided into 2 halves or hemispheres, a right and a left hemisphere. Longitudinal fissure- midsagittal groove dividing the two hemispheres into a right and left side. Consists of an outer layer of gray matter over white matter (like ...
Cranial Nerves - Austin Community College
Cranial Nerves - Austin Community College

... Cerebrum composes the vast majority of the brain mass (80%). It is divided into 2 halves or hemispheres, a right and a left hemisphere. Longitudinal fissure- midsagittal groove dividing the two hemispheres into a right and left side. Consists of an outer layer of gray matter over white matter (like ...
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers
PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers

... called a hemianopia (hem-i-an-NO-pia). Some patients with hemianopias involving as much as half the visual field can nevertheless reach out and touch objects in the "blind" area. This is called blindsight. However, blindsight intrigues investigators because it seems to suggest that visual informatio ...
Neural Anatomy and Function
Neural Anatomy and Function

... • Stimulation of GTO an afferent impulse is sent to the central nervous system • In turn, efferent impulses are sent to the… – Agonist muscle causing it to relax – Antagonist muscle causing it to contract ...
Sensation
Sensation

... Use your textbook. Close your left eye, and with the right eye fixate on the black dot. Move the page towards and away from your eye. At some point the car on the right will disappear due to blind spot. Or, take a piece of paper, roll it up, look through it with one eye and bring your opposite hand ...
Sensory systems - somatosensation
Sensory systems - somatosensation

... neurons, cortical areas that have similar spatial relationship • stimuli arriving through the sensory systems might induce reflexes at the level of the spinal cord, brain stem or cortex • we can become conscious of incoming information, it may be stored in the form of memory and it can evoke emotion ...
Invertebrate nervous systems:
Invertebrate nervous systems:

... Briefly, the modifications were these:1.The hindbrain became divided into a ventral portion, called the medulla oblongata, a dorsal portion, the cerebellum, and the anterior pons. The medulla became specialized as a control center for some autonomic and somatic pathways concerned with vital function ...
Abnormal Electric Activity Insertional Activity --Normal is 100
Abnormal Electric Activity Insertional Activity --Normal is 100

... --commonly high amplitude with poor recruitment --occur when there is an increase in number of fibers in a unit or loss of synchrony of firing fibers --seen in: motor neuron diseases, axonal neuropathies with collateral sprouting, chronic radiculopathies, chronic mononeuropathies, residual of neurop ...
Functional Neural Anatomy
Functional Neural Anatomy

... Non-olfactory sensory information goes first to the thalamus, which then processes it and relays the output to the cerberal cortex. Relays information in modality-specific ways. ...
HALLUCINATIONS NATURAL VS. DRUG
HALLUCINATIONS NATURAL VS. DRUG

... • integrity of the visual cortico-claustral loop may be necessary for precise temporal integration of edge information from end-inhibited and line-detector cell populations, and that the nature of this temporal coding may be modulated based on the expected motion of objects, eye movements, and selec ...
M555 Medical Neuroscience
M555 Medical Neuroscience

... loss of ability to make precise movements of digits more experimental primate studies than actual clinical cases corticospinal tract along with other structures strokes, tumors, traumatic brain injuries motor cortex/corticospinal tract plus other sites cerebral cortex white matter of cerebral hemisp ...
Introduction to Sense Organs
Introduction to Sense Organs

... – fundamental purpose of any sensory receptor – conversion of stimulus energy (light, heat, touch, sound, etc.) into nerve signals – sense organ, gasoline engine, light bulb are all transducers • receptor potential – small, local electrical change on a receptor cell brought about by an initial stimu ...
Neuroscience 14b – Organisation of the Cerebral Cortex
Neuroscience 14b – Organisation of the Cerebral Cortex

... This records electrical activity in the brain using electrodes which pick up small changes in membrane potential. It has a very good time resolution but a low spatial resolution in comparison with MRI. An evoked potential is the electrical response recorded on the EEG to a stimulus. They are often v ...
Chapter 3 Synapses
Chapter 3 Synapses

... • Two EPSPs in rapid succession at one synapse are additive • Same for IPSPs Spatial Summation • Synaptic inputs from separate locations combine their effects on a neuron ...
Chapter 13- Central NS
Chapter 13- Central NS

... • 2. Around the gray matter lies white mater which can also be divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior columns (funiculi). Ascending and descending motor tracts run along the white columns. ...
Objectives 34
Objectives 34

... 3. Lateral vestibulospinal tract from the lateral vestibular nuclei in medulla; activate anti-gravity muscles for postural responses - Each brainstem nuclei receives input from motor cortex (corticobulbar) - CST carries axons with cell bodies in motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... from the sense organs to the spinal cord and brain. – Sense organs are parts of your body that take in information from the external world. – Most of your sense organs are centralized in your head. (eyes, ears, nose, & taste buds) ...
Exam 1 - usablueclass.com
Exam 1 - usablueclass.com

... o from there, cortical to cortical association fibers convey information to Wernicke’s area in the dominant (LEFT) hemisphere ...
Document
Document

... Modulates activity in muscles that rotate the head and upper torso and modulate adjustments pertinent to limb and body orientation in the gravitational field. ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... control muscles throughout your body. Signals from the central nervous system cause muscles to contract or relax, thus ...
Are We Paying Attention Yet?
Are We Paying Attention Yet?

... Attention and eye movements are tightly related During saccade preparation, oculomotor system controls location selection even if attention is directed elsewhere Direction of attention is dissociable from eye position during fixations Findings are do not rule out interdependence or identity hypothes ...
Lecture Outline ()
Lecture Outline ()

... – this information is transmitted into brain or spinal cord ...
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Evoked potential

An evoked potential or evoked response is an electrical potential recorded from the nervous system of a human or other animal following presentation of a stimulus, as distinct from spontaneous potentials as detected by electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), or other electrophysiological recording method.Evoked potential amplitudes tend to be low, ranging from less than a microvolt to several microvolts, compared to tens of microvolts for EEG, millivolts for EMG, and often close to a volt for ECG. To resolve these low-amplitude potentials against the background of ongoing EEG, ECG, EMG, and other biological signals and ambient noise, signal averaging is usually required. The signal is time-locked to the stimulus and most of the noise occurs randomly, allowing the noise to be averaged out with averaging of repeated responses.Signals can be recorded from cerebral cortex, brain stem, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Usually the term ""evoked potential"" is reserved for responses involving either recording from, or stimulation of, central nervous system structures. Thus evoked compound motor action potentials (CMAP) or sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) as used in nerve conduction studies (NCS) are generally not thought of as evoked potentials, though they do meet the above definition.
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