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2.1 Historical Development
2.1 Historical Development

... Based upon the information gathered in the form of laws of chemical combination and other known properties of matter, John Dalton (1809) regarded the atom as a hard, dense and smallest indivisible particle of matter. However, the emission of negatively and positively charged particles from radioacti ...
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AP Physics Daily Problem #107

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January 2009 - University of Michigan

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AP Physics Daily Problem #120

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History of subatomic physics



The idea that matter consists of smaller particles and that there exists a limited number of sorts of primary, smallest particles in nature has existed in natural philosophy since time immemorial. Such ideas gained physical credibility beginning in the 19th century, but the concept of ""elementary particle"" underwent some changes in its meaning: notably, modern physics no longer deems elementary particles indestructible. Even elementary particles can decay or collide destructively; they can cease to exist and create (other) particles in result.Increasingly small particles have been discovered and researched: they include molecules, which are constructed of atoms, that in turn consist of subatomic particles, namely atomic nuclei and electrons. Many more types of subatomic particles have been found. Most such particles (but not electrons) were eventually found to be composed of even smaller particles such as quarks. Particle physics studies these smallest particles and their behaviour under high energies, whereas nuclear physics studies atomic nuclei and their (immediate) constituents: protons and neutrons.
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