• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
An Updated Typology of Causative Constructions: Form
An Updated Typology of Causative Constructions: Form

... completely affected causee) was not found to be crucially encoded at all in a sample of 114 constructions from 50 languages. Parameters 7 (causer intentionality), 8 (naturalness of causer action) and 9 (causer accompanying or not accompanying causee) nearly always occur in isolation. The one instanc ...
Verb Meaning and the Lexicon: A First Phase Syntax
Verb Meaning and the Lexicon: A First Phase Syntax

... processes,I will still seek to encode some notion of selectional information that constrains the way lexical items can be associated with syntactic structure (so in this sense I will consider myself responsible for at least some of the data cited by the lexicalist camp e.g. Levin and Rappaport 1998, ...
Fulltext  - UoN Repository
Fulltext - UoN Repository

... This study sets out to analyze the Bemba verb inflection for tense and aspect. It employs Basic Linguistic Theory and Nurse’s Conceptual Frame Work in the analysis of the distribution and interaction of tense and aspect on the verb phrase in Bemba. The background to the Bemba language of Zambia and ...
a descriptive analysis of argument alternations
a descriptive analysis of argument alternations

... encourage  the  Italian  research  community,  and  whosoever  would  like  to  conduct  their   work  on  Italian  verbs,  to  carry  out  further  research  on  argument  alternations  in  Italian,   not   only   extending   the   sample ...
A Division of Labor Between Nouns and Verbs in the
A Division of Labor Between Nouns and Verbs in the

... number of different types of motion, some of which do not involve extrinsic motion (e.g., reach out), Lindner (1982) proposed that such uses are metaphorical extensions of the prototypical extrinsic paths that are initially associated with these words. Not only do English-speaking children learn to ...
Serial Verbs in Ibibio - KU ScholarWorks
Serial Verbs in Ibibio - KU ScholarWorks

... house’). In ((16)a), the events of ‘coming’ and ‘seeing’ occur simultaneously. The same fact holds in the V1 Obj V2 construction in Ibibio, illustrated in (17) below: (17) a. Ekpe á-mà ...
Introduction to Tocharian - Ústav srovnávací jazykovědy
Introduction to Tocharian - Ústav srovnávací jazykovědy

... syllables, *ä (< PT *əә) is no longer phonemic: its appearance is entirely predictable from the ...
The Passé Composé with Etre
The Passé Composé with Etre

... MOST verbs use part of Avoir to form the passé composé. BUT one group of 14 verbs use the present tense of Etre instead. Here is that list ...
Form and Meaning in the Hebrew Verb
Form and Meaning in the Hebrew Verb

... Working with Alec can be like that; I have been on the receiving end of this kindness time and time again, and I am grateful for it. The rest of my committee has been just as generous. From day one it was clear to me that I’d want to work with Stephanie Harves; in this I’m not much different than a ...
2244 KB
2244 KB

... outside o f the applicative construction; there is no transfer verb * haaren (‘hair’).2 The applicative predication in (3) denotes a transfer event o f the type denoted by trivalent applicative verbs like laden (‘load’), and yet the transfer implication cannot be attributed to the semantics o f the ...
How many theta roles in a reflexive verb?
How many theta roles in a reflexive verb?

... Our focus is on the verbal reflexive constructions, which yield reflexive verbs that we will show to be intransitive. In contrast, in constructions involving argument reflexives, the anaphors himself, magát and ton eafto tu are objects of transitive predicates. Neither the issues nor the solution we ...
A discussion on the phases, semantics and syntax of aspect in the
A discussion on the phases, semantics and syntax of aspect in the

... publicised by a labour organisation called ITUC-Africa. Indeed, aspect plays an important role in translation. For example, it dictates the choice of tense(s) in the target language. In other words, the choice of a tense in a target language depends on the aspect described by the verb in the source ...
e diachrony of light and auxiliary verbs in Indo-Aryan
e diachrony of light and auxiliary verbs in Indo-Aryan

... Hindi CV constructions bear formal properties different from other light verb constructions found in IA; see §3 and §6.1. In other words, some light verbs are more auxiliary-like than others—a situation which makes sense if one accepts that light verbs can in fact become auxiliaries. Such difficulties ...
azu_td_9032531_sip1_
azu_td_9032531_sip1_

... Thepkanjana 1986; Savetamalya 1988), but few have worked on semantics (Kanchanawan 1978). The terms "auxiliaries" or "auxiliary verbs" used for describing the elements in Thai are rather confusing. While some call these elements "auxiliaries", ...
Aspect and assertion in Mandarin Chinese
Aspect and assertion in Mandarin Chinese

... These and similar characterisations more or less reflect the opinio communis on these four particles. We believe that this view is intuitively plausible, but we also think that it suffers from a number of inadequacies. In this paper, we will advance a somewhat different view. This new view uses the ...
Bare resultatives - UCL Phonetics and Linguistics
Bare resultatives - UCL Phonetics and Linguistics

... minimalist theory, the same cannot be said about the second assumption. In fact, Williams 1980 and subsequent work argues that subjects are external arguments; that is, generated outside the maximal projection of the predicative head. On this view, it becomes trivial to distinguish the underlying su ...
Evidence for very early Germanic
Evidence for very early Germanic

... F. Plank, Early Germanic ...
On the Tense-Aspect system of Bolivian
On the Tense-Aspect system of Bolivian

... comments. I deeply acknowledge the patience and expertise they devoted to improving my work. 1 I am very grateful to both of them. Thanks to the generous and cooperative attitude of Elio Ortiz, the Is-informant, I also had the opportunity to subsequently check by email a number of delicate problems. ...
Agreement - General Guide To Personal and Societies Web Space
Agreement - General Guide To Personal and Societies Web Space

... Because of the co-occurrence of movement and PtPPL many analyses (Kayne (1985, 1989), Burzio (1986), Taraldsen (1987), Lois (1990)) have taken the two phenomena to be interdependent. When we turn to Italian dialects, the behaviour with respect to both auxiliary selection and PtPPL agr is extremely v ...
Students` Workbook
Students` Workbook

... Do spiders have wings? Some ants have wings. Is the spider’s body soft? It is in two parts. Do you see the spider’s eight legs? What to See.—Which of the groups above are sentences? Which may be called statements because they state, or tell, something? Which are questions? With what kind of letter d ...
Prefix Variation in Russian - Munin
Prefix Variation in Russian - Munin

... The final section of Chapter 6 launches three hypotheses to explain the possible implications of this. The Conflict Hypothesis postulates that previous researchers were wrong in identifying поand с- as being the most productive prefixes in Russian. This is perhaps the first interpretation that sprin ...
ASPECTS OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE AKAN
ASPECTS OF THE SEMANTICS OF THE AKAN

... of idiomaticity and transparency or relativity. It examines the issue of sense relations as far as the phrasal verb is concerned, looking specifically at the considerations of polysemy, homonymy and ambiguity It considers, again, the features of transitivity, complementation and their effects on the ...
Functions of the Czech reflexive marker
Functions of the Czech reflexive marker

... languages I know the best from all non-Slavic ones. Why do Slavic languages employ the RM to such an excessive degree? And what, if something, do its different functions have in common? Is the polysemy of the RM a peculiarity of Slavic languages or is it a more universal phenomenon? If nothing was p ...
Lexical Semantics and Irregular Inflection The Harvard community
Lexical Semantics and Irregular Inflection The Harvard community

... guessing plipped and splung (Bybee & Moder, 1983; Prasada & Pinker, 1993). Yet it is also clear that sound cannot be the only determinant of irregularity, because words with the same sound can have different past-tense forms, e.g., lie-lay (recline) vs. lie-lied (prevaricate), hanghung (suspend) vs. ...
space and metaphor in verbs prefixed with od-/ot
space and metaphor in verbs prefixed with od-/ot

... The material that we base our observations on is mainly verbs listed in dictionaries. For BCS, (Anić 1998) and (Bujas 2001) were used. These sources probably do not list all existing BCS od-verbs (e.g., all the verbs that can be found in older sources); however, these dictionaries contain the most c ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... 58 >

Proto-Indo-European verbs

The verbal system of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) was a complex system, with verbs categorized according to their aspect — stative, imperfective, or perfective. The system utilized multiple grammatical moods and voices, with verbs being conjugated according to person, number and tense. The system of adding affixes to the base form of a verb (its root) allowed modifications so that it could form nouns, verbs, or adjectives. The verbal system is clearly represented in Ancient Greek and Vedic Sanskrit, which closely correspond in nearly all aspects of their verbal systems and are two of the most well-understood of the early daughter languages of Proto-Indo-European. Aside from the addition of affixes, vowels in the word could be modified in a process called ablaut. This is still visible in the Germanic languages (among others)—for example, the vowel in the English verb to sing varies according to the conjugation of the verb: sing, sang, and sung.The system described here is known as the ""Cowgill-Rix"" system and, strictly speaking, applies only to what Don Ringe terms ""Western Indo-European"" (Western IE), i.e. IE excluding Tocharian and especially Anatolian. The system also describes Tocharian fairly well, but encounters significant difficulties when applied to Hittite and the other Anatolian languages. In particular, despite the fact that the Anatolian languages are the earliest-attested IE languages, much of the complexity of the Cowgill-Rix system is absent from them. In addition, contrary to the situation with other languages with relatively simple verbal systems, such as Germanic, there is little or no evidence of the ""missing"" forms having ever existed. Furthermore, many of the forms that do exist have a significantly different meaning from elsewhere. For example, the PIE perfect/stative conjugation shows up simply as a present-tense conjugation known as the ḫi-present, with no clear meaning; on the other hand, the PIE nu-present, which in other languages is a primary verb suffix with no clear meaning, is in Hittite a productive secondary verb suffix that forms causative verbs. (On the other hand, Germanic, among others, has a class of present-tense verbs derived from PIE perfect/stative verbs, and both Germanic and Balto-Slavic have a class of secondary n- verbs with a clear meaning, derived originally from nu- and/or neH- verbs, so it is possible that many of the Anatolian differences are innovations.) It is generally accepted that the Anatolian languages diverged from other IE languages at a point somewhat before the Cowgill-Rix system was fully formed; however, there is no consensus concerning what the inherited system looked like, and which Anatolian differences are innovations vs. archaisms.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report