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toefl prep 1 structure
toefl prep 1 structure

... A past participle often ends in –ed, but there are also many irregular past participles. For many verbs, including –ed verbs, the simple past and the past participle are the same and can be easily confused. The –ed form of the verb can be (1) the simple past, (2) the past participle of a verb, or (3 ...
glossary of grammatical terminology
glossary of grammatical terminology

... The words this, that, these, and those when they are placed before nouns. This process is called photosynthesis. Demonstrative pronoun The words this, that, these, and those when used alone in a subject or object position in a sentence. I will look through these papers, while you look through those. ...
Notes on the sheet entitled “Some Additional Review” 1. Morphology
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... a. Column B forms are easier to analyze: each is a verb that’s made up of a noun plus the suffix “-ate”: [ [ X ]N + ate ]V = “to insert / add X”. The column A words also end in “-ate,” which means that there’s some partial sharing of form between (A) words and (B) words. The problem with the (A) wor ...
DGP Notes
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... [Its] the best CD I have ever heard them put out. SOLUTION The old tree was the last to lose [its] leaves. [It’s] the best CD I have ever heard them put out. Use an apostrophe to form the contraction of it is. The possessive of the personal pronoun it does not take an apostrophe. INCORRECT CAPITALIZ ...
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... These are verbs that are used together with other verbs. For example: we are going Lucy has arrived can you play In these sentences, going, arrived and play are the main verbs. Are, has and can are auxiliary verbs, and add extra meaning to the main verb. The most common auxiliary verbs are be, have ...
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Old Norse morphology

Old Norse has three categories of verb (strong, weak, & present-preterite) and two categories of noun (strong, weak). Conjugation and declension are carried out by a mix of inflection and two nonconcatenative morphological processes: umlaut, a backness-based alteration to the root vowel; and ablaut, a replacement of the root vowel, in verbs.Nouns, adjectives and pronouns are declined in four grammatical cases – nominative, accusative, genitive and dative, in singular and plural. Some pronouns (first and second person) have dual number in addition to singular and plural. The nouns have three grammatical genders – masculine, feminine or neuter - and adjectives and pronouns are declined to match the gender of nouns. The genitive is used partitively, and quite often in compounds and kennings (e.g.: Urðarbrunnr, the well of Urðr; Lokasenna, the gibing of Loki). Most declensions (of nouns and pronouns) use -a as a regular genitive plural ending, and all declensions use -um as their dative plural ending.All neuter words have identical nominative and accusative forms, and all feminine words have identical nominative and accusative plurals.The gender of some words' plurals does not agree with that of their singulars, such as lim and mund.
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