![The message in the navel: (ir)realisness in Swahili](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/014139242_1-be033400edf3811bfea55e0a746fb6a7-300x300.png)
The message in the navel: (ir)realisness in Swahili
... In this paper I will use the expression “Tense-Aspect-Modality” (TAM) to refer to a set of prefixes and suffixes that are attached to verb stems in Swahili, even though some of these affixes signal information that falls outside the scope of traditional definitions of tense, aspect, and modality (se ...
... In this paper I will use the expression “Tense-Aspect-Modality” (TAM) to refer to a set of prefixes and suffixes that are attached to verb stems in Swahili, even though some of these affixes signal information that falls outside the scope of traditional definitions of tense, aspect, and modality (se ...
Spanish 1 Study Guide
... In Spanish, question marks and exclamation points are used both at the beginning and the end of the question or exclamation. The first mark is an upside-down version of the end mark. If a question or exclamation occurs within a sentence, the first punctuation mark occurs within the sentence as well. ...
... In Spanish, question marks and exclamation points are used both at the beginning and the end of the question or exclamation. The first mark is an upside-down version of the end mark. If a question or exclamation occurs within a sentence, the first punctuation mark occurs within the sentence as well. ...
IBM Research Report Using Slot Grammar Michael C. McCord
... To illustrate the semantic view of slots, let us understand that there is a word sense of give which, in logical representation, is a predicate, say give1 , where (1) give1 (e, x, y, z) means “e is an event where x gives y to z” The sentence in Figure 1 could be taken to have logical representation: ...
... To illustrate the semantic view of slots, let us understand that there is a word sense of give which, in logical representation, is a predicate, say give1 , where (1) give1 (e, x, y, z) means “e is an event where x gives y to z” The sentence in Figure 1 could be taken to have logical representation: ...
SPLIT-INTRANSITIVITY IN SWAHILI AND HITTITE
... split-intransitivity, in a variety of languages as well as discussion about whether an intransitive verb’s unaccusativity or unergativity is ascertainable solely from the semantics of the verb (Perlmutter 1978; Harris 1982; Perlmutter and Postal 1983, 1984; Rosen 1984; among others). The purpose of ...
... split-intransitivity, in a variety of languages as well as discussion about whether an intransitive verb’s unaccusativity or unergativity is ascertainable solely from the semantics of the verb (Perlmutter 1978; Harris 1982; Perlmutter and Postal 1983, 1984; Rosen 1984; among others). The purpose of ...
A-Z of Correct English
... beyond a dictionary’s terms of reference. It is not intended to replace a dictionary; it rather supplements it. Once, in an evening class, one of my adult students said, ‘If there’s a right way to spell a word, I want to know it.’ On another occasion, at the end of a punctuation session on possessiv ...
... beyond a dictionary’s terms of reference. It is not intended to replace a dictionary; it rather supplements it. Once, in an evening class, one of my adult students said, ‘If there’s a right way to spell a word, I want to know it.’ On another occasion, at the end of a punctuation session on possessiv ...
Tigris and Euphrastes - a comparison between human and machine
... Symbols can be classified in many ways. For present purposes we can regard the corpus of symbols used by a group of people within which communication is easy as a language. Minor differences in usage within such a group can result in local dialects or technical expressions. Most languages are audito ...
... Symbols can be classified in many ways. For present purposes we can regard the corpus of symbols used by a group of people within which communication is easy as a language. Minor differences in usage within such a group can result in local dialects or technical expressions. Most languages are audito ...
Parent Help Booklet - Shurley Instructional Materials
... speech by reciting definitions in jingle form. These rhythmic definitions are chanted or sung by the class to help them initially remember the role of each part of speech. Question and Answer Flow In the Question and Answer Flow, an oral series of questions and answers determines the role each word ...
... speech by reciting definitions in jingle form. These rhythmic definitions are chanted or sung by the class to help them initially remember the role of each part of speech. Question and Answer Flow In the Question and Answer Flow, an oral series of questions and answers determines the role each word ...
How to use this book
... by boat. (= another possibility) The ALTERNATIVES are simple: work or go hungry. (= two choices) Strictly speaking, the choice can be between only two alternatives (one choice or the other). However, the word is frequently used more loosely and this precise definition is ...
... by boat. (= another possibility) The ALTERNATIVES are simple: work or go hungry. (= two choices) Strictly speaking, the choice can be between only two alternatives (one choice or the other). However, the word is frequently used more loosely and this precise definition is ...
1. Introduction 1 2. Three Major Types of Actants
... I chose the term actant over other terms for the following three reasons: • First, to emphasize the parallelism between all three types of actants. I want the same term on all levels of representation, and it is preferable to speak of semantic and syntactic actants rather than semantic and syntactic ...
... I chose the term actant over other terms for the following three reasons: • First, to emphasize the parallelism between all three types of actants. I want the same term on all levels of representation, and it is preferable to speak of semantic and syntactic actants rather than semantic and syntactic ...
moroccan arabic - Friends of Morocco
... until you can reproduce them is another. This introduction is intended mainly to help you get started with the system of transcription, and as a result it will mention only briefly the different sounds of Arabic. However, a fuller explanation can be found on page 144. ...
... until you can reproduce them is another. This introduction is intended mainly to help you get started with the system of transcription, and as a result it will mention only briefly the different sounds of Arabic. However, a fuller explanation can be found on page 144. ...
Compounds - ELTE / SEAS
... (which can be final members: -naut, -graphy, -logy, -phobia). Some can be both initial and final (morphand -morph as in morphology and polymorph; phil- and -phile as in philosophy and Anglophile.). These combining forms – Latin and Greek roots – are obviously not affixes, since affixes cannot combin ...
... (which can be final members: -naut, -graphy, -logy, -phobia). Some can be both initial and final (morphand -morph as in morphology and polymorph; phil- and -phile as in philosophy and Anglophile.). These combining forms – Latin and Greek roots – are obviously not affixes, since affixes cannot combin ...
B ARE ADJECTIVES AS SYNCRETIC FORMS Avel·lina Suñer
... that house them, specifically focusing on bare adjectives that are within the SV domain. Moreover, we will explain the syncretic and epiphenomenal character of these forms, which appear in many different constructions, despite being subjected to specific syntactic and semantic restrictions because o ...
... that house them, specifically focusing on bare adjectives that are within the SV domain. Moreover, we will explain the syncretic and epiphenomenal character of these forms, which appear in many different constructions, despite being subjected to specific syntactic and semantic restrictions because o ...
THE NOUN AND THE DICTIONARY IN TSHIVENDA BY SHUMANI
... followed because of the presence of a preprefix in these langauges. ...
... followed because of the presence of a preprefix in these langauges. ...
Practice sheets, for the sentences in this booklet, are available in a
... speech by reciting definitions in jingle form. These rhythmic definitions are chanted or sung by the class to help them initially remember the role of each part of speech. Question and Answer Flow In the Question and Answer Flow, an oral series of questions and answers determines the role each word ...
... speech by reciting definitions in jingle form. These rhythmic definitions are chanted or sung by the class to help them initially remember the role of each part of speech. Question and Answer Flow In the Question and Answer Flow, an oral series of questions and answers determines the role each word ...
An Updated Typology of Causative Constructions: Form
... action) and 9 (causer accompanying or not accompanying causee) nearly always occur in isolation. The one instance of a solid correlation among parameter values (with a sample of more than 10 relevant pairing events) was that between parameters 3 (causee control) and 4 (causee willingness). These two ...
... action) and 9 (causer accompanying or not accompanying causee) nearly always occur in isolation. The one instance of a solid correlation among parameter values (with a sample of more than 10 relevant pairing events) was that between parameters 3 (causee control) and 4 (causee willingness). These two ...
English Sentence Analysis : an Introductory Course
... verb by itself How … or What a … followed by remainder of sentence These sentence types with these patterns are named as follows: declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory If you were to look at any large body of written text, you would ¼nd that most sentences are informative and will have th ...
... verb by itself How … or What a … followed by remainder of sentence These sentence types with these patterns are named as follows: declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory If you were to look at any large body of written text, you would ¼nd that most sentences are informative and will have th ...
ASSIDUE Person prominence and relation prominence
... this work was the fact that Yucatec Maya, a native Indian language of Mexico, backgrounds persons in many syntactic constructions where well-known European languages like German and English put them in a syntactically prominent position. In the present book we investigate this outstanding trait of Y ...
... this work was the fact that Yucatec Maya, a native Indian language of Mexico, backgrounds persons in many syntactic constructions where well-known European languages like German and English put them in a syntactically prominent position. In the present book we investigate this outstanding trait of Y ...
The compound verbal modal predicate
... into various combinations, takes that which is common and basic in linguistic forms and gives in an orderly way accurate descriptions of the practice to which users of the language conform. And with this comes the realisation that this underlying structure of the language (as system) is highly organ ...
... into various combinations, takes that which is common and basic in linguistic forms and gives in an orderly way accurate descriptions of the practice to which users of the language conform. And with this comes the realisation that this underlying structure of the language (as system) is highly organ ...
gradable and ungradable adjectives
... Little is mostly used in attributive position. We can say A nice little house, but we would probably say The house is small, not *The house is little. Compound adjectives like one-eyed are usually used attributively, and adjectives made from nouns (like sports, in a sports car) are also mostly used ...
... Little is mostly used in attributive position. We can say A nice little house, but we would probably say The house is small, not *The house is little. Compound adjectives like one-eyed are usually used attributively, and adjectives made from nouns (like sports, in a sports car) are also mostly used ...
Level 500 Sunrise Edition - Christian Light Publications
... In the Sunrise Edition, determine the “Gap” LightUnits by looking at where the main lesson is taught in the LightUnit. You want to be sure that students get enough exercise for the “Gap” problem. If the concept is tested in the same LightUnit, you are probably okay. If it is not tested until the fol ...
... In the Sunrise Edition, determine the “Gap” LightUnits by looking at where the main lesson is taught in the LightUnit. You want to be sure that students get enough exercise for the “Gap” problem. If the concept is tested in the same LightUnit, you are probably okay. If it is not tested until the fol ...
Logophoric pronouns and reported discourse in Finnish and High
... sources. Most valuable for this research was the recording of an interview from the Latvian Oral History collection of life stories. The narrator, Anna, born in 1918, comes from the village Viļāni in Central Latgalia. She is interviewed about her life by her granddaughter in 1993. For the transcript ...
... sources. Most valuable for this research was the recording of an interview from the Latvian Oral History collection of life stories. The narrator, Anna, born in 1918, comes from the village Viļāni in Central Latgalia. She is interviewed about her life by her granddaughter in 1993. For the transcript ...
Binomial Expressions with Reference to Du`aa as
... 4. Subdivision of one another 5. One is the consequence of the other An example of (1) is ‘death and destruction’ which is used to “add colour and emphasis to a bare statement.”. The point here is that one member of the pair includes the other. The second category is illustrated with ‘soul and spir ...
... 4. Subdivision of one another 5. One is the consequence of the other An example of (1) is ‘death and destruction’ which is used to “add colour and emphasis to a bare statement.”. The point here is that one member of the pair includes the other. The second category is illustrated with ‘soul and spir ...
Junior Skill Builders: Grammar in 15 Minutes a Day
... dedicated to the rules of English, referred to as grammar and usage. This is a huge set of guidelines that helps clarify the multifaceted, dynamic parts of our language (maybe you have studied many of them already at school). Understanding the inner structure of sentences and writing doesn’t have to ...
... dedicated to the rules of English, referred to as grammar and usage. This is a huge set of guidelines that helps clarify the multifaceted, dynamic parts of our language (maybe you have studied many of them already at school). Understanding the inner structure of sentences and writing doesn’t have to ...
Pronominal and adverbial clitics in Old English
... distributional anomaly of sentential clitics with Serbo-Croatian examples. Section 3 illustrated the structure of Germanic alliterative verse and showed how to interpret stress encoded in the metrical structure. In section 4, after the definition of pronominal and adverbial clitics in Old English, s ...
... distributional anomaly of sentential clitics with Serbo-Croatian examples. Section 3 illustrated the structure of Germanic alliterative verse and showed how to interpret stress encoded in the metrical structure. In section 4, after the definition of pronominal and adverbial clitics in Old English, s ...
anaphora in English and Arabic
... part of the lexical meaning of the antecedent .For example ; I bought a house ; the hall is very wide .here the " hall" is an anaphora for the " house ". there is a relationship between the two but it is hidden , indirect . ...
... part of the lexical meaning of the antecedent .For example ; I bought a house ; the hall is very wide .here the " hall" is an anaphora for the " house ". there is a relationship between the two but it is hidden , indirect . ...
Inflection
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FlexiónGato.png?width=300)
In grammar, inflection or inflexion is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. The inflection of verbs is also called conjugation, and the inflection of nouns, adjectives and pronouns is also called declension.An inflection expresses one or more grammatical categories with a prefix, suffix or infix, or another internal modification such as a vowel change. For example, the Latin verb ducam, meaning ""I will lead"", includes the suffix -am, expressing person (first), number (singular), and tense (future). The use of this suffix is an inflection. In contrast, in the English clause ""I will lead"", the word lead is not inflected for any of person, number, or tense; it is simply the bare form of a verb.The inflected form of a word often contains both a free morpheme (a unit of meaning which can stand by itself as a word), and a bound morpheme (a unit of meaning which cannot stand alone as a word). For example, the English word cars is a noun that is inflected for number, specifically to express the plural; the content morpheme car is unbound because it could stand alone as a word, while the suffix -s is bound because it cannot stand alone as a word. These two morphemes together form the inflected word cars.Words that are never subject to inflection are said to be invariant; for example, the English verb must is an invariant item: it never takes a suffix or changes form to signify a different grammatical category. Its categories can be determined only from its context.Requiring the inflections of more than one word in a sentence to be compatible according to the rules of the language is known as concord or agreement. For example, in ""the choir sings"", ""choir"" is a singular noun, so ""sing"" is constrained in the present tense to use the third person singular suffix ""s"".Languages that have some degree of inflection are synthetic languages. These can be highly inflected, such as Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, or weakly inflected, such as English. Languages that are so inflected that a sentence can consist of a single highly inflected word (such as many American Indian languages) are called polysynthetic languages. Languages in which each inflection conveys only a single grammatical category, such as Finnish, are known as agglutinative languages, while languages in which a single inflection can convey multiple grammatical roles (such as both nominative case and plural, as in Latin and German) are called fusional. Languages such as Mandarin Chinese that never use inflections are called analytic or isolating.