Language convergence and bilingual acquisition
... This study investigates the acquisition of verbal morphology in a dialect of Swahili spoken in Nairobi, Kenya. Swahili is an agglutinative language with phonologically distinct affixes for subject agreement (encoding person and number, and in some cases gender), tense/aspect, object agreement and mood ...
... This study investigates the acquisition of verbal morphology in a dialect of Swahili spoken in Nairobi, Kenya. Swahili is an agglutinative language with phonologically distinct affixes for subject agreement (encoding person and number, and in some cases gender), tense/aspect, object agreement and mood ...
Negative quantification and existential sentences
... It has to be noted that the frequency with which the negative constructions exemplified in (1) and (2) are used does not compare with that of the examples in (14a-e). Averbal positive clauses of the type in (14) are mostly confined to instructional texts, e.g. for describing the setup of a scene in ...
... It has to be noted that the frequency with which the negative constructions exemplified in (1) and (2) are used does not compare with that of the examples in (14a-e). Averbal positive clauses of the type in (14) are mostly confined to instructional texts, e.g. for describing the setup of a scene in ...
Themes In Literature - LIFE School: LDS Based Home Education
... govern the English language, we can put words to work for us. È There are more than 60,000 words in the English language, with many rules and exceptions to rules that govern the use of those words. How do we know which words are best to use and when? We can start by reviewing the eight most common p ...
... govern the English language, we can put words to work for us. È There are more than 60,000 words in the English language, with many rules and exceptions to rules that govern the use of those words. How do we know which words are best to use and when? We can start by reviewing the eight most common p ...
a Sample - The Well
... Through copywork and dictation, a student learns to put words down on paper properly. Narration is simply the student retelling a passage that he has read or heard, putting it in his own words. Narration helps the student to listen with attention, to grasp the main point of a work, to think through ...
... Through copywork and dictation, a student learns to put words down on paper properly. Narration is simply the student retelling a passage that he has read or heard, putting it in his own words. Narration helps the student to listen with attention, to grasp the main point of a work, to think through ...
TEAM FLY - ielts
... Traditional usage would distinguish between these two words and reserve -er for the person (an adapter of novels, for instance) and -or for the piece of electrical equipment. However, the distinction has become very blurred and the two spellings are considered by many authorities to be interchangeab ...
... Traditional usage would distinguish between these two words and reserve -er for the person (an adapter of novels, for instance) and -or for the piece of electrical equipment. However, the distinction has become very blurred and the two spellings are considered by many authorities to be interchangeab ...
On D-pronouns and the Movement of Topic Features
... topic pronouns. This covers the facts, but it does not buy us anything else. Instead, 1 would like to propose a change in the conceptual definition of condition B, which automatically predicts different binding domains for topic pronouns and ordinary pronouns. ...
... topic pronouns. This covers the facts, but it does not buy us anything else. Instead, 1 would like to propose a change in the conceptual definition of condition B, which automatically predicts different binding domains for topic pronouns and ordinary pronouns. ...
Ineffability in Grammar
... syntax: island constraints or the scope taking behavior of quantifiers. For many such cases, it can be shown that the winners of purely formal competitions are uninterpretable either in semantic or in pragmatic terms. Solving the difficulties just mentioned (parochiality, absence of lexical items, n ...
... syntax: island constraints or the scope taking behavior of quantifiers. For many such cases, it can be shown that the winners of purely formal competitions are uninterpretable either in semantic or in pragmatic terms. Solving the difficulties just mentioned (parochiality, absence of lexical items, n ...
Book of abstracts: General session part 1: Authors AL
... Terms denoting human/animal body parts have cross-linguistically been noted to have extended functions that go beyond their basic referential uses. For instance, terms such as HEAD, FACE, EYE have grammaticalized in some languages into spatial markers, while terms such as BODY and FACE have develope ...
... Terms denoting human/animal body parts have cross-linguistically been noted to have extended functions that go beyond their basic referential uses. For instance, terms such as HEAD, FACE, EYE have grammaticalized in some languages into spatial markers, while terms such as BODY and FACE have develope ...
Aalborg Universitet Socio-cognitive salience and the role of the local
... Terms denoting human/animal body parts have cross-linguistically been noted to have extended functions that go beyond their basic referential uses. For instance, terms such as HEAD, FACE, EYE have grammaticalized in some languages into spatial markers, while terms such as BODY and FACE have develope ...
... Terms denoting human/animal body parts have cross-linguistically been noted to have extended functions that go beyond their basic referential uses. For instance, terms such as HEAD, FACE, EYE have grammaticalized in some languages into spatial markers, while terms such as BODY and FACE have develope ...
learner`s guide to pular (fuuta jallon)
... Pular texts.........................................................................................iv About this edition ............................................................................. v ...
... Pular texts.........................................................................................iv About this edition ............................................................................. v ...
full text pdf
... In this paper, I ask two questions: (i) Is the null object in the binaa participle an example of a parasitic gap, and (ii) if not, what are the conditions on this participle construction? These questions are of interest because linguistic theory is largely concerned with the licensing of the overt c ...
... In this paper, I ask two questions: (i) Is the null object in the binaa participle an example of a parasitic gap, and (ii) if not, what are the conditions on this participle construction? These questions are of interest because linguistic theory is largely concerned with the licensing of the overt c ...
viewed - Association for Computational Linguistics
... acknowledged types of ellipsis exist in English. The extent to which the named ellipsis mechanisms exist in other languages is, though, often not clear. This manuscript surveys ellipsis in Mandarin Chinese using a dependency-based approach to syntax. It probes to see which ellipsis mechanisms exist ...
... acknowledged types of ellipsis exist in English. The extent to which the named ellipsis mechanisms exist in other languages is, though, often not clear. This manuscript surveys ellipsis in Mandarin Chinese using a dependency-based approach to syntax. It probes to see which ellipsis mechanisms exist ...
Topics in English Syntax
... • modals have no non-finite forms (*to shall ; *musting; *the musted sale); do not occur in an environment where non-tensed forms are required • do not enter into person - number agreement with the subject • function in the complex verbal forms for tense, aspect, mood, modality contrasts • are disti ...
... • modals have no non-finite forms (*to shall ; *musting; *the musted sale); do not occur in an environment where non-tensed forms are required • do not enter into person - number agreement with the subject • function in the complex verbal forms for tense, aspect, mood, modality contrasts • are disti ...
... specific cases, but also by e.g. adjectives or adverbs). Or by groups of words – nominal or prepositional groups and coordinated sentence members. Further they can be realized by verbs in infinitive form or by subordinated clauses (with subordinating conjunctions, relative pronouns and adverbs). For ...
linguistics
... Greek, are usually considered to be characterized by a high degree of lability. According to the communis opinio, they had a considerable number of labile verbs or verbal forms that could be labile, cf. rudra � r̥tásya sádaneṣu vāvr̥dhuḥ ‘Rudras have grown [intransitive] in the residences of the tru ...
... Greek, are usually considered to be characterized by a high degree of lability. According to the communis opinio, they had a considerable number of labile verbs or verbal forms that could be labile, cf. rudra � r̥tásya sádaneṣu vāvr̥dhuḥ ‘Rudras have grown [intransitive] in the residences of the tru ...
ENG 206 two - University of Maiduguri
... have been singing. The first column in the table above shows a set of entries, each comprising a different number of words. The first entry has five words and the last one has only one word. Because all the six entries perform the same function of ‘subject’ in the sentence, and because only a noun [ ...
... have been singing. The first column in the table above shows a set of entries, each comprising a different number of words. The first entry has five words and the last one has only one word. Because all the six entries perform the same function of ‘subject’ in the sentence, and because only a noun [ ...
771Lec19-WordMeaningsII
... entailment: the verb Y is entailed by X if by doing X you must be doing Y (to sleep is entailed by to snore) coordinate terms: those verbs sharing a common hypernym (to lisp and to yell) ...
... entailment: the verb Y is entailed by X if by doing X you must be doing Y (to sleep is entailed by to snore) coordinate terms: those verbs sharing a common hypernym (to lisp and to yell) ...
Welcome! [www.etai.org.il]
... built up from smaller units • Affixes: Prefixes and suffixes Prefixes: have a lexical role (un-, de-, anti-, super-) Suffixes: two kinds lexical (-ness, -ship, -able, -less) grammatical (plural s, past tense ed, comparative er) ...
... built up from smaller units • Affixes: Prefixes and suffixes Prefixes: have a lexical role (un-, de-, anti-, super-) Suffixes: two kinds lexical (-ness, -ship, -able, -less) grammatical (plural s, past tense ed, comparative er) ...
The evolution of number in Otomi
... In Old Otomi, the number system in pronominals was based on a singular-dual-plural opposition, but the dual became an unstable value in the breaking up of the old dialectal continuum. The instability is witnessed in that some of the modern languages stray considerably from the original situation, w ...
... In Old Otomi, the number system in pronominals was based on a singular-dual-plural opposition, but the dual became an unstable value in the breaking up of the old dialectal continuum. The instability is witnessed in that some of the modern languages stray considerably from the original situation, w ...
ENG 206 - University of Maiduguri
... This study unit has been prepared for learners so that they can do most of the study on their own. The structure of the study unit is different from that of conventional textbook. The course writers have made efforts to make the study material rich enough but learners need to do some extra reading f ...
... This study unit has been prepared for learners so that they can do most of the study on their own. The structure of the study unit is different from that of conventional textbook. The course writers have made efforts to make the study material rich enough but learners need to do some extra reading f ...
Pearson Grammar with exercises
... ing English Grammar. The exercises in this book will enable students to reinforce their grasp of basic concepts, to extend and explore their understanding, and to apply their knowledge to their writing. Designed to accompany Understanding English Grammar, 9th Edition, this edition of Exercises follo ...
... ing English Grammar. The exercises in this book will enable students to reinforce their grasp of basic concepts, to extend and explore their understanding, and to apply their knowledge to their writing. Designed to accompany Understanding English Grammar, 9th Edition, this edition of Exercises follo ...
Bare resultatives - UCL Phonetics and Linguistics
... projection of the predicative head. Whereas inclusiveness seems unavoidable in a minimalist theory, the same cannot be said about the second assumption. In fact, Williams 1980 and subsequent work argues that subjects are external arguments; that is, generated outside the maximal projection of the pr ...
... projection of the predicative head. Whereas inclusiveness seems unavoidable in a minimalist theory, the same cannot be said about the second assumption. In fact, Williams 1980 and subsequent work argues that subjects are external arguments; that is, generated outside the maximal projection of the pr ...
Kanza Reader
... the gender of the speaker whose speech was originally transcribed. This is more of a problem in Kanza than in English because Kanza has a series of "gendered speech markers" that clearly identify speakers as either male or female. Thus, a male and a female relating the very same text will do so with ...
... the gender of the speaker whose speech was originally transcribed. This is more of a problem in Kanza than in English because Kanza has a series of "gendered speech markers" that clearly identify speakers as either male or female. Thus, a male and a female relating the very same text will do so with ...
Inflection
In grammar, inflection or inflexion is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. The inflection of verbs is also called conjugation, and the inflection of nouns, adjectives and pronouns is also called declension.An inflection expresses one or more grammatical categories with a prefix, suffix or infix, or another internal modification such as a vowel change. For example, the Latin verb ducam, meaning ""I will lead"", includes the suffix -am, expressing person (first), number (singular), and tense (future). The use of this suffix is an inflection. In contrast, in the English clause ""I will lead"", the word lead is not inflected for any of person, number, or tense; it is simply the bare form of a verb.The inflected form of a word often contains both a free morpheme (a unit of meaning which can stand by itself as a word), and a bound morpheme (a unit of meaning which cannot stand alone as a word). For example, the English word cars is a noun that is inflected for number, specifically to express the plural; the content morpheme car is unbound because it could stand alone as a word, while the suffix -s is bound because it cannot stand alone as a word. These two morphemes together form the inflected word cars.Words that are never subject to inflection are said to be invariant; for example, the English verb must is an invariant item: it never takes a suffix or changes form to signify a different grammatical category. Its categories can be determined only from its context.Requiring the inflections of more than one word in a sentence to be compatible according to the rules of the language is known as concord or agreement. For example, in ""the choir sings"", ""choir"" is a singular noun, so ""sing"" is constrained in the present tense to use the third person singular suffix ""s"".Languages that have some degree of inflection are synthetic languages. These can be highly inflected, such as Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, or weakly inflected, such as English. Languages that are so inflected that a sentence can consist of a single highly inflected word (such as many American Indian languages) are called polysynthetic languages. Languages in which each inflection conveys only a single grammatical category, such as Finnish, are known as agglutinative languages, while languages in which a single inflection can convey multiple grammatical roles (such as both nominative case and plural, as in Latin and German) are called fusional. Languages such as Mandarin Chinese that never use inflections are called analytic or isolating.