PERFECTIVITY MIGHT NOT SCOPE OVER MODALITY
... modals: (i) the so-called “past tense” modals: could, should, ought and (ii) need. Depending on the analysis of may and might in (17), counterfactual readings (or external perfect readings) are also attested with (some) epistemic modals. The internal perfect reading can obtain with all the epistemic ...
... modals: (i) the so-called “past tense” modals: could, should, ought and (ii) need. Depending on the analysis of may and might in (17), counterfactual readings (or external perfect readings) are also attested with (some) epistemic modals. The internal perfect reading can obtain with all the epistemic ...
Babcock, L., Stowe, J.C., Maloof, C.J., Brovetto, C., and Ullman, M.T.
... intrinsic subject-level differences such as sex (male vs. female). In this study we attempt to shed light on aspects of these issues. A number of theoretical perspectives addressing these issues have been put forward. These perspectives can be divided into three broad groups. One suggests that the n ...
... intrinsic subject-level differences such as sex (male vs. female). In this study we attempt to shed light on aspects of these issues. A number of theoretical perspectives addressing these issues have been put forward. These perspectives can be divided into three broad groups. One suggests that the n ...
Destinos: 27-52 The Main Grammar Points, and Exercises with
... First of all, the subjunctive is not a new verb tense, but rather an entire, new verb system. The subjunctive, which is also called the subjunctive mood, has four tenses that are commonly used in modern Spanish: present subjunctive, present perfect subjunctive, past subjunctive (sometimes referred t ...
... First of all, the subjunctive is not a new verb tense, but rather an entire, new verb system. The subjunctive, which is also called the subjunctive mood, has four tenses that are commonly used in modern Spanish: present subjunctive, present perfect subjunctive, past subjunctive (sometimes referred t ...
Destinos: 27-52 The Main Grammar Points, and Exercises with
... First of all, the subjunctive is not a new verb tense, but rather an entire, new verb system. The subjunctive, which is also called the subjunctive mood, has four tenses: present subjunctive, present perfect subjunctive, past subjunctive (sometimes referred to as imperfect subjunctive), and past per ...
... First of all, the subjunctive is not a new verb tense, but rather an entire, new verb system. The subjunctive, which is also called the subjunctive mood, has four tenses: present subjunctive, present perfect subjunctive, past subjunctive (sometimes referred to as imperfect subjunctive), and past per ...
The Verbal System of the Cape Verdean Creole of Tarrafal
... previous studies are discussed in chronological order and some new insights are offered. Chapter Three presents an analysis of the meaning of CVC verbs when they are unmarked, showing that stativity is crucially relevant and that many verbs can be stative in one context and non-stative in others. Th ...
... previous studies are discussed in chronological order and some new insights are offered. Chapter Three presents an analysis of the meaning of CVC verbs when they are unmarked, showing that stativity is crucially relevant and that many verbs can be stative in one context and non-stative in others. Th ...
The 3 Independent Uses of the Subjunctive
... just beginning, or none of these? Aspect answers that question! Most languages have no clear way of indicating aspect but hint at it through their uses of tenses, adverbs, and various other grammatical constructions. Our main concern for the Subjunctive is that the PERFECT tense has SIMPLE A ...
... just beginning, or none of these? Aspect answers that question! Most languages have no clear way of indicating aspect but hint at it through their uses of tenses, adverbs, and various other grammatical constructions. Our main concern for the Subjunctive is that the PERFECT tense has SIMPLE A ...
THE SUBSYSTEMS OF LEXICAL ASPECTS
... In this thesis a system of lexical aspects, or Aktionsarten, is considered fiom the point of view of GuillaumjanPsychomechanics, which is a form of cognitive linguistics. Guillaume proposes that verbal systems have developmental stages, the total system of stages being cded the chronogenesis, that i ...
... In this thesis a system of lexical aspects, or Aktionsarten, is considered fiom the point of view of GuillaumjanPsychomechanics, which is a form of cognitive linguistics. Guillaume proposes that verbal systems have developmental stages, the total system of stages being cded the chronogenesis, that i ...
azu_td_9032531_sip1_
... the Fulbright Foundation for full financial support from 1985 to 1987, the P.E.O. Foundation for partial financial support during the years 1987-1990, the Department of Linguistics, U. of Arizona for teaching assistantships from 1987 to 1990, and Chiang Mai University, Thailand, for permission of my ...
... the Fulbright Foundation for full financial support from 1985 to 1987, the P.E.O. Foundation for partial financial support during the years 1987-1990, the Department of Linguistics, U. of Arizona for teaching assistantships from 1987 to 1990, and Chiang Mai University, Thailand, for permission of my ...
Tense and Aspect Systems
... by several different names in the literature. Philosophers usually refer to the notion by the term 'vagueness', although this probably does not correspond to the most common use of the word vague in everyday language (to say that someone expresses himself in a vague way usually means that he does no ...
... by several different names in the literature. Philosophers usually refer to the notion by the term 'vagueness', although this probably does not correspond to the most common use of the word vague in everyday language (to say that someone expresses himself in a vague way usually means that he does no ...
Verbal categories in Salaca Livonian grammar1 Darbības vārda
... variety, including its verbal categories. Salaca Livonian is in several ways different from Courland Livonian, but it is certainly a variety of the same Livonian language. Unlike Courland Livonian people, speakers of Salaca Livonian identified their ethnicity and language as Livonian – me uomõ Līb r ...
... variety, including its verbal categories. Salaca Livonian is in several ways different from Courland Livonian, but it is certainly a variety of the same Livonian language. Unlike Courland Livonian people, speakers of Salaca Livonian identified their ethnicity and language as Livonian – me uomõ Līb r ...
as a PDF
... One of the questions that have challenged scholars of BH for many years is whether the language should be regarded as a tense, aspectual or modal language. In this thesis, I argue that the lack and application of a metacategory for describing any language in general, and BH in particular, has been t ...
... One of the questions that have challenged scholars of BH for many years is whether the language should be regarded as a tense, aspectual or modal language. In this thesis, I argue that the lack and application of a metacategory for describing any language in general, and BH in particular, has been t ...
ppt
... Verbal Aspects Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive Participle Active Present Imperfect Future ...
... Verbal Aspects Indicative Subjunctive Imperative Infinitive Participle Active Present Imperfect Future ...
Formal devices that express temporality:
... understood as a past tense sentence. In contrast, imperfective sentences—i.e. sentences describing situations viewed from inside--may have any of the three tenses. Imperfective sentences without any marker indicating future time or past time must be construed as having a present tense interpretation ...
... understood as a past tense sentence. In contrast, imperfective sentences—i.e. sentences describing situations viewed from inside--may have any of the three tenses. Imperfective sentences without any marker indicating future time or past time must be construed as having a present tense interpretation ...
Inter- and intrasentential anaphora: the case of the Ancient Greek
... provide the temporal context, just like in normal narrative sequences where each verb refers to an event which follows the previous one. Thus, in (3), each event, including that of the matrix verb, is understood as taking place (just) after the previously expressed event, due to the phenomenon of na ...
... provide the temporal context, just like in normal narrative sequences where each verb refers to an event which follows the previous one. Thus, in (3), each event, including that of the matrix verb, is understood as taking place (just) after the previously expressed event, due to the phenomenon of na ...
Encoding focus in Kanuri verbal morphology
... years. The competing terminologies and various functional labels that have been used in the descriptions are indicative of the morphological, syntactic and semantic challenges that the Kanuri verbal inflexion system pose for analysis. In particular, labels such as predicative, relational, verb empha ...
... years. The competing terminologies and various functional labels that have been used in the descriptions are indicative of the morphological, syntactic and semantic challenges that the Kanuri verbal inflexion system pose for analysis. In particular, labels such as predicative, relational, verb empha ...
Spring Term 2011- Ileana Baciu
... from ‘He is on/at working’ (in time, the prepositions, reduced to a or o, disappeared). Languages like Romanian, French or Old Greek make use of syncretic means to signal the opposition (i.e., the grammatical markers of Aspect have fused with those of Tense). For instance, the Romanian prezent and i ...
... from ‘He is on/at working’ (in time, the prepositions, reduced to a or o, disappeared). Languages like Romanian, French or Old Greek make use of syncretic means to signal the opposition (i.e., the grammatical markers of Aspect have fused with those of Tense). For instance, the Romanian prezent and i ...
On Language and Connectionism
... described a connectionist (parallel distributed processing) model of the acquisition of the past tense in English which successfully maps many stems onto their past tense forms, both regular (walk/walked) and irregular (go/went), and which mimics some of the errors and sequences of development of ch ...
... described a connectionist (parallel distributed processing) model of the acquisition of the past tense in English which successfully maps many stems onto their past tense forms, both regular (walk/walked) and irregular (go/went), and which mimics some of the errors and sequences of development of ch ...
uniwersytet miko łaja kopernika
... seneroo la ‘I am cultivating’); nominal be..kaŋ gram – a progressive presentpast category (e.g., M be safeeroo kaŋ ‘I am writing’); and several tara grams – progressive and stative categories (e.g., N tarata siinooriŋ ‘I am sleeping’; the terms which designate these verbal grams make reference to a ...
... seneroo la ‘I am cultivating’); nominal be..kaŋ gram – a progressive presentpast category (e.g., M be safeeroo kaŋ ‘I am writing’); and several tara grams – progressive and stative categories (e.g., N tarata siinooriŋ ‘I am sleeping’; the terms which designate these verbal grams make reference to a ...
Zipf`s law and the grammar of languages: A quantitative
... 2.2 Zipf’s law and the degree of inflection The idea that such grammatical differences can be reflected in quantitative analyses goes back to the earliest writings of Zipf (1932, 1965 [1935]). He considered the number and distributions of unique word forms in different languages to be linguistically ...
... 2.2 Zipf’s law and the degree of inflection The idea that such grammatical differences can be reflected in quantitative analyses goes back to the earliest writings of Zipf (1932, 1965 [1935]). He considered the number and distributions of unique word forms in different languages to be linguistically ...
On the aspectual uses of the prefix be- in lithuanian
... In this paper, I attempt to provide a more detailed analysis of just two of the uses of the prefix be-, i. e. those which are most clearly identifiable in terms of both their semantics and their morphosyntax, viz. the aspectual categories I call Avertive (“an action which was potentially imminent b ...
... In this paper, I attempt to provide a more detailed analysis of just two of the uses of the prefix be-, i. e. those which are most clearly identifiable in terms of both their semantics and their morphosyntax, viz. the aspectual categories I call Avertive (“an action which was potentially imminent b ...
Aspect and assertion in Mandarin Chinese
... or definite event”, whereas for guo it suffices that some event of the type described by the sentence has occurred sometime. This point has also been made elsewhere, for example, in Mangione and Li’s (1993) compositional analysis of le and guo (see section 2.2.2): “. . . le marks a specific event ti ...
... or definite event”, whereas for guo it suffices that some event of the type described by the sentence has occurred sometime. This point has also been made elsewhere, for example, in Mangione and Li’s (1993) compositional analysis of le and guo (see section 2.2.2): “. . . le marks a specific event ti ...
9. THE VERB The verb is defined as a principal part of speech in the
... aspect (indefinite/continuous and perfective/imperfective); voice (active, passive, reflexive), mood (finite forms, e.g. indicative, conditional, subjunctive, imperative and non-finite, e.g. infinitive, gerund, present participle, past participle); tense (present, present perfect, past tense, past p ...
... aspect (indefinite/continuous and perfective/imperfective); voice (active, passive, reflexive), mood (finite forms, e.g. indicative, conditional, subjunctive, imperative and non-finite, e.g. infinitive, gerund, present participle, past participle); tense (present, present perfect, past tense, past p ...
The Reduced Relative Clause: A Misnomer?
... participles convey an uncompleted action and so are interpreted as occurring simultaneously with the time referred to by the matrix verb. Unreduced relatives can only be interpreted „deictically‟. This is why sentences such as (9b) and (9d) are perfectly acceptable. Relative to the moment of speakin ...
... participles convey an uncompleted action and so are interpreted as occurring simultaneously with the time referred to by the matrix verb. Unreduced relatives can only be interpreted „deictically‟. This is why sentences such as (9b) and (9d) are perfectly acceptable. Relative to the moment of speakin ...
Some Vietnamese Students` Problems with English
... is progressive, which results in their mistakes. In my thirteen years of teaching English to EFL students at Kiengiang Community College, I have realized that many Vietnamese learners have trouble with learning tense and aspect in English and make the kind of mistakes mentioned by Swan and Smith and ...
... is progressive, which results in their mistakes. In my thirteen years of teaching English to EFL students at Kiengiang Community College, I have realized that many Vietnamese learners have trouble with learning tense and aspect in English and make the kind of mistakes mentioned by Swan and Smith and ...