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Ocular Pharmacology - Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences
Ocular Pharmacology - Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences

GNRS4Pharmacotherapy
GNRS4Pharmacotherapy

... • >20% of ambulatory older adults receive at least one potentially inappropriate medication • Nearly 4% of office visits and 10% of hospital admissions result in prescription of medications classified as never or rarely appropriate ...
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... (l) ISO Class 7 guidelines are met when particulate contamination is measured at “not more than 352,000 particles 0.5 micron size or larger per cubic meter of air for any buffer area (room).” (m) ISO Class 8 guidelines are met when particulate contamination is measured at “not more than 3,520,000 pa ...
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Loss,grief&dying

... Administration of drug by wrong route or rate Failure to give medication within prescribed time  Incorrect preparation of a drug  Improper technique when administering drug  Giving a drug that has deteriorated ...
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The Benefits of Bacillus-derived Hyaluronic Acid
The Benefits of Bacillus-derived Hyaluronic Acid

... the formulation without HA exhibits a complete release after ten minutes, which reflects a reasonable water solubility and a quick distribution in the dissolution system. By adding Hyasis to the formulation, the release time was extended to three, six and nine hours in an HA concentration-dependent ...
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... i. The nurse will document in the patient’s medical record, all the events associated with reporting the suspected ADR to include, but not limited to 1. Signs and symptoms which prompted the ADR reporting procedure; and 2. Date and time the physician was notified of the suspected ADR ii. The physici ...
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... ionizable group(s) and whose solubility can not be increased by pH adjustment, i.e. ‘like dissolves like’. Thus, non-polar drugs are poorly soluble in water – a polar solvent. To increase the solubility of such drugs in water, the latter’s polarity should be lowered. This can be achieved by adding a ...
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... Counterfeit products include drugs with the correct or wrong ingredients, without active ingredients, with insufficient active ingredients or fake packaging. The counterfeiting of pharmaceuticals has only been detected for the past 20 years. The poor quality of drugs has been linked to counterfeitin ...
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... Once the mean change in the concentration of the object drug is determined, one needs to consider how that degree of change relates to the usual therapeutic range of the drug. For many drugs, a change in dose of 30% to 50% will produce a change in response. For this reason, a decrease in clearance e ...
Interactions, Chronic Effects & Nonspecific Factors
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...  Additive  2 different drugs  as if adding individual drug effects  Potentiation  2 different drugs  combined effect greatly enhanced  as if multiplying individual effects ~ ...
Medication
Medication

... Administration of drug by wrong route or rate Failure to give medication within prescribed time  Incorrect preparation of a drug  Improper technique when administering drug  Giving a drug that has deteriorated ...
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Compounding

Pharmaceutical compounding (done in compounding pharmacies) is the creation of a particular pharmaceutical product to fit the unique need of a patient. To do this, compounding pharmacists combine or process appropriate ingredients using various tools. This may be done for medically necessary reasons, such as to change the form of the medication from a solid pill to a liquid, to avoid a non-essential ingredient that the patient is allergic to, or to obtain the exact dose(s) needed or deemed best of particular active pharmaceutical ingredient(s). It may also be done for more optional reasons, such as adding flavors to a medication or otherwise altering taste or texture. Compounding is most routine in the case of intravenous/parenteral medication, typically by hospital pharmacists, but is also offered by privately owned compounding pharmacies and certain retail pharmacies for various forms of medication. Whether routine or rare, intravenous or oral, etc., when a given drug product is made or modified to have characteristics that are specifically prescribed for an individual patient, it is known as ""traditional"" compounding.Due to the rising cost of compounding and the shortage of drugs, many hospitals have shown a tendency to rely more upon large-scale compounding pharmacies to meet their regular requirement, particularly of sterile-injectable medications. When compounding is done on bulk production of a given formulation rather than patient-specific production, it is known as ""non-traditional"" compounding (which, as discussed below, is arguably not ""compounding"" but rather ""manufacturing""). This development raises concerns about patient safety and makes a case for proper regulatory control and monitoring.
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