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QA168_7Renal replacement therapiesOct15 final
QA168_7Renal replacement therapiesOct15 final

... duration of action reduced (1,7). It is preferable to adjust the timing of regular doses in patients receiving HD, rather than adding extra doses, as suggested by some texts (7). Supplementary doses are only important for drugs with a low V d and a narrow therapeutic range (7). For CRRT and CAPD, si ...
August Salvia Abuse
August Salvia Abuse

... using "salvia" during clinical interviews about their drug use history. Typically the user has a history with marijuana, alcohol, pills and other drugs. What has always been interesting though is that more often than not the salvia user would only try it once, not like and never return to that subst ...
HypertenDiur
HypertenDiur

... • One of 2 1st-line of defense in treating hypertension. • Decr bp by decr cardiac output (CO). • With cont’d treatment, the CO returns to normal, but the bp remains low (not known how) because the peripheral vasc resistance is “reset” at a lower level. • Centrally acting mechanism? Not likely becau ...
Drugs used in Hypertension
Drugs used in Hypertension

... • One of 2 1st-line of defense in treating hypertension. • Decr bp by decr cardiac output (CO). • With cont’d treatment, the CO returns to normal, but the bp remains low (not known how) because the peripheral vasc resistance is “reset” at a lower level. • Centrally acting mechanism? Not likely becau ...
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF THE SERRATIOPEPTIDASE
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF THE SERRATIOPEPTIDASE

... chosen sub-therapeutic dose of diclofenac in combination group with the expectation to observe the anti-inflammatory properties of serratiopeptidase, if any. However, this study failed to show anti-inflammatory effects of serratiopeptidase alone or in combination. Diclofenac alone in therapeutic dos ...
Strategies in Designing Clinicals for Fixed
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... epidemiologic data regarding the disease incidence of each serotype in the target population. Thus, while the primary endpoint may be the aggregate of disease with all serotypes included in the vaccine, the study should be of sufficient size to allow meaningful subgroup analysis of protection agains ...
Legalization Of Drugs: The Myths And The Facts
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... Nevertheless, a given dose of cocaine or crack is far more dangerous than a drink of alcohol. Alcohol has an addiction rate of 10 percent, whereas cocaine has an addiction rate as high as 75 percent.[13] And when cocaine is combined with marijuana, it can be deadly. According to a study in Pharmacol ...
Absorption and distribution of drugs 7
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... molecular weight. Consequently, while large molecules diffuse more slowly than small ones, the variation with molecular weight is modest. Many drugs fall within the molecular weight range 200–1000, and variations in aqueous diffusion rate have only a small effect on their overall pharmacokinetic beh ...
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... This requirement ensures that participants utilize the selected medications in the most effective manner and it also supports the cost control of the Plan. ...
Pharmacology 19c – Epilepsy and Anticonvulsants
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...  Costs the NHS £1bn/year The characteristic symptom in epilepsy is recurrent unprovoked seizures. This consists of excessive synchronised discharge of a set of cerebral neurones. These are normally sudden and transient. Clinical manifestations depend on the part of the brain involved and include a ...
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... 3) Pathophysiologic condition of the patients. ...
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... tissues receive the drug from plasma at different rates & to different extents. ...
Prototype drug - Nursing Pharmacology
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... • Large jerking movements of a major muscle ...
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... reporting, monitoring, evaluating, and correcting problems associated with use/consumption of FDA-regulated products? Answer: If FDA accepts the tolerances and withdrawal times for the use of certain drugs on animals in other countries, then FDA should allow the use of those same drugs in the U.S. W ...
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... The formal preformulation study should start at the point after biological screening, when a decision is made for further development of the compound in clinical trials. Before embarking upon a formal program, the preformulation scientist must consider the following: 1. The available physicochemica ...
- Daiichi Sankyo
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... Remifentanil injection is widely used as an opioid analgesic (μ-opioid receptor agonist) to manage general anaesthesia. It is an ultra short-acting analgesic used for general anaesthesia characterized by its potent analgesic action together with its superior ability to rapidly regulate pain. ...
Quality Assessment of the Commonly Prescribed Antimicrobial Drug
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... reproducible from batch to batch. To ensure the requisite quality, drug manufacturers are required to test their products during and after manufacturing and at various intervals during the shelf life of the product (Chow, 1997). The quality of medicines is an integral part of access in light of ensu ...
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... receptors (by tissue injury or inflammation) is modulated by central mechanisms. Pain contributes to the appearance of sleep disorders, and sleep deprivation increases sensitivity to pain. A range of neurotransmitters modulate the mechanisms of pain, including substance P, endorphins, norepinephrine ...
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... effects of various “poisons,” such as alcohol, on mental reactions. In 1883 he “planned to expand tests with drugs, coffee and tea and to measure the mental reactions of psychiatric patients to get a better idea of the mental changes” (p. 28). His initial work, however, was concentrated on examining ...
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... Inspite of the transdermal system being highly successful in niche market, in other therapeutic application areas, the growth of this segment has not been highly commendable. There is a huge potential which is attracting the various companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology space. There are ...
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The Truth About Cocaine
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... Traditionally, cocaine was a rich man’s drug, due to the large expense of a cocaine habit. By the late 1980s, cocaine was no longer thought of as the drug of choice for the wealthy. By then, it had the reputation of America’s most dangerous and addictive drug, linked with poverty, crime and death. I ...
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... in animal feed, especially at doses lower than those necessary to prevent or treat disease, favors the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria; (2) animals receiving antibiotics in their feed may serve as a reservoir of antibiotic pathogens, which can produce human infections; (3) the prevalenc ...
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... involves the use of several components, each of which is present to facilitate the manufacture or to control the biological performance of the dosage form. Sustained/Modified release dosage forms are a convenient means to obtain a reduction in daily administration of drugs with fast absorption and/o ...
I The Rise of The empoweRed ConsumeR
I The Rise of The empoweRed ConsumeR

... Nutrient content descriptors were rare; indeed, the FDA prohibited any reference whatsoever to cholesterol. Claims regarding foods’ usefulness in preventing disease were also virtually absent from labels; the FDA considered any such statement to render the product an unapproved—and thus illegal—drug ...
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Orphan drug

An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease.In the US and EU it is easier to gain marketing approval for an orphan drug, and there may be other financial incentives, such as extended exclusivity periods, all intended to encourage the development of drugs which might otherwise lack a sufficient profit motive. The assignment of orphan status to a disease and to any drugs developed to treat it is a matter of public policy in many countries, and has resulted in medical breakthroughs that may not have otherwise been achieved due to the economics of drug research and development.According to Thomson Reuters in their 2012 publication ""The Economic Power of Orphan Drugs"", there has been increased investing in orphan drug Research and Development partly due to the U. S. Orphan Drug Act (ODA) 1983 and similar Acts in other regions of the world and also driven by ""high-profile philanthropic funding."" The period between 2001 to 2011 was the ""most productive period in the history of orphan drug development, in terms of average annual orphan drug designations and orphan drug approvals."" For the same decade the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the orphan drugs was an ""impressive 25.8 percent, compared to only 20.1 percent for a matched control group of non-orphan drugs."" By 2012 the market for orphan drugs was worth USD$637 million compared to the USD$638 million matched control group of non-orphan drugs, Thomson Reuters.By 2012, ""the revenue-generating potential of orphan drugs [was] as great as for non-orphan drugs, even though patient populations for rare diseases are significantly smaller. Moreover, we suggest that orphan drugs have greater profitability when considered in the full context of developmental drivers including government financial incentives, smaller clinical trial sizes, shorter clinical trial times and higher rates of regulatory success.""
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