III. NEURAL COMMUNICATION A. Resting Potential In this section
... Depression and OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) are effectively treated with drugs which specifically block the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic axon terminal (Prozac). ...
... Depression and OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) are effectively treated with drugs which specifically block the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic axon terminal (Prozac). ...
The History and Scope of Psychology Module 1
... enough stimulation, the gates open and lets some negative ions out and some positive ones in. – Then the whole cell fires, more gates open and more positive ions rush in – The electric charge of the ...
... enough stimulation, the gates open and lets some negative ions out and some positive ones in. – Then the whole cell fires, more gates open and more positive ions rush in – The electric charge of the ...
Nervous system
... neurons which respond to sensory stimuli and then send signals to the spinal cord and brain; motor neurons that receive signals from the brain and spinal cord to cause muscle contractions; and interneurons which connect neurons to other neurons. ...
... neurons which respond to sensory stimuli and then send signals to the spinal cord and brain; motor neurons that receive signals from the brain and spinal cord to cause muscle contractions; and interneurons which connect neurons to other neurons. ...
Hearing the Call of Neurons PowerPoint
... purkinje neuron from the human cerebellum, circa 1900; and a diagram showing the flow of information through the hippocampus in the brain ...
... purkinje neuron from the human cerebellum, circa 1900; and a diagram showing the flow of information through the hippocampus in the brain ...
Biology 2121 – Lecture Sheet – ANS 1. The autonomic nervous sy
... 28. The nerves that leave the sacral area via the ventral rami are called the __________________ nerves and join to form the __________________ plexus. 29. The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons can be found in this portion of the spinal cord: _____________. They exit via the _____ ...
... 28. The nerves that leave the sacral area via the ventral rami are called the __________________ nerves and join to form the __________________ plexus. 29. The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons can be found in this portion of the spinal cord: _____________. They exit via the _____ ...
How the Brain Pays Attention
... MRI and fMRI scanners show the location of brain activity quite well, they don’t shed light on how the brain is working, at a fine temporal time scale. So we used a technique called magneto-encephalography (MEG), which detects the tiny fast changes in magnetic fields caused by neurons’ digital pulse ...
... MRI and fMRI scanners show the location of brain activity quite well, they don’t shed light on how the brain is working, at a fine temporal time scale. So we used a technique called magneto-encephalography (MEG), which detects the tiny fast changes in magnetic fields caused by neurons’ digital pulse ...
Classes #9-11: Differentiation of the brain vesicles
... class sessions 9-11. The first 46 questions are for review, and can be answered from earlier lectures. Many of these questions are answered in the readings as well. 1. The forebrain probably expanded in evolution initially because of the importance of _________________________________. 2. Give an ex ...
... class sessions 9-11. The first 46 questions are for review, and can be answered from earlier lectures. Many of these questions are answered in the readings as well. 1. The forebrain probably expanded in evolution initially because of the importance of _________________________________. 2. Give an ex ...
Neurons and the General Layout of the Nervous System - U
... (1) semipermeable cell membrane - (only some molecules can get through into the cell) This is because of special proteins that allows chemicals to cross the membrane; this semipermeability is critical to the normal activity of the neuron. The inside of the cell is filled with cytoplasm. ...
... (1) semipermeable cell membrane - (only some molecules can get through into the cell) This is because of special proteins that allows chemicals to cross the membrane; this semipermeability is critical to the normal activity of the neuron. The inside of the cell is filled with cytoplasm. ...
1. A biological psychologist would be more likely to study
... enables the left hemisphere to control the right side of the body. transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres. controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. directs the muscle movements involved in speech. ...
... enables the left hemisphere to control the right side of the body. transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres. controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. directs the muscle movements involved in speech. ...
Motor neuron
... 2. Sensory neurons carry the impulses to the spinal cord by way of the dorsal root 3. The sensory neuron synapses with many neurons in the spinal cord of the CNS: - an interneuron may carry the signal to the brain to ’advise it’ about the situation. - another interneuron carries the impulse to a mot ...
... 2. Sensory neurons carry the impulses to the spinal cord by way of the dorsal root 3. The sensory neuron synapses with many neurons in the spinal cord of the CNS: - an interneuron may carry the signal to the brain to ’advise it’ about the situation. - another interneuron carries the impulse to a mot ...
Hebbian Learning with Winner Take All for
... algorithms for them, e.g. the backpropagation algorithm [16, 17]. It is one of the most widely known algorithms for training these networks and is essentially a supervised gradient descent algorithm. In a previous paper [16], we showed how these 2nd generation models could be made scalable and run e ...
... algorithms for them, e.g. the backpropagation algorithm [16, 17]. It is one of the most widely known algorithms for training these networks and is essentially a supervised gradient descent algorithm. In a previous paper [16], we showed how these 2nd generation models could be made scalable and run e ...
Physiology 2 - Sheet #6 - Dr.Loai Al-Zgoul - Done by: Yara
... potential is transmitted. These neurons intercommunicate by synapses. A synapse is a specialized site of contact, and transmission of information between a neuron and an effector cell. ...
... potential is transmitted. These neurons intercommunicate by synapses. A synapse is a specialized site of contact, and transmission of information between a neuron and an effector cell. ...
CPB748_JK Nervous
... salt solution. One end of the tube tapers to an extremely fine tip (diameter < 1 µm). While looking through a microscope, the experimenter uses a micropositioner to insert the tip of the microelectrode into a cell. A voltage recorder (usually an oscilloscope or a computer-based system) measures the ...
... salt solution. One end of the tube tapers to an extremely fine tip (diameter < 1 µm). While looking through a microscope, the experimenter uses a micropositioner to insert the tip of the microelectrode into a cell. A voltage recorder (usually an oscilloscope or a computer-based system) measures the ...
lecture-4-post
... Neurons are cells that communicate within the nervous system 10-100 billion in the brain alone, each communicating with thousands of others ...
... Neurons are cells that communicate within the nervous system 10-100 billion in the brain alone, each communicating with thousands of others ...
Hailee Denson Biology 1090 Mark Radandt Taking Sides Analysis
... to the cortex. But still more goes into forming a perception of a scene. The activity of cortical neurons that receive visual input is influenced not only by those inputs but also by excitatory and inhibitory interactions between cortical neurons. Of particular importance for coordinating the many n ...
... to the cortex. But still more goes into forming a perception of a scene. The activity of cortical neurons that receive visual input is influenced not only by those inputs but also by excitatory and inhibitory interactions between cortical neurons. Of particular importance for coordinating the many n ...
Corpus Callosum - Psychological Associates of South Florida
... Receive messages from other neurons. Axon: Long single extension of a neuron, covered with myelin [MY-uh-lin] sheath to insulate and speed up messages through neurons. Terminal Branches of axon: Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons. ...
... Receive messages from other neurons. Axon: Long single extension of a neuron, covered with myelin [MY-uh-lin] sheath to insulate and speed up messages through neurons. Terminal Branches of axon: Branched endings of an axon that transmit messages to other neurons. ...
The Nervous System
... Severed spinal cord – could cause the loss of bodily movement Paralysis – loss of neurological communication (movement, feeling, etc) Parkinson’s Disease – degeneration of nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine; leads to uncoordinated muscular movement Multiple Sclerosis – auto-immun ...
... Severed spinal cord – could cause the loss of bodily movement Paralysis – loss of neurological communication (movement, feeling, etc) Parkinson’s Disease – degeneration of nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine; leads to uncoordinated muscular movement Multiple Sclerosis – auto-immun ...
NeuroReview1
... Below (hypo) the thalamus: Regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland. On the ventral surface is the optic chiasm where the optic nerves from the eyes come together. Most decussate or cross over to the other hemisphere of the brain here, while others remain ipsilateral. The mammilary bodiesa ...
... Below (hypo) the thalamus: Regulates release of hormones from pituitary gland. On the ventral surface is the optic chiasm where the optic nerves from the eyes come together. Most decussate or cross over to the other hemisphere of the brain here, while others remain ipsilateral. The mammilary bodiesa ...
Slide 1
... • It lets you solve math problems, play video games, feed your fish, do a dance, remember your sister's birthday, and draw pictures. • It's the cerebrum that makes human beings more intelligent than animals because it's the part that lets us reason. ...
... • It lets you solve math problems, play video games, feed your fish, do a dance, remember your sister's birthday, and draw pictures. • It's the cerebrum that makes human beings more intelligent than animals because it's the part that lets us reason. ...
In cognitive neuroscience, the prefrontal cortex represents a kind of
... (presumably feedforward) projections from temporal lobe. Unraveling the major anatomical projections into the PFC will be highly informative for physiologists and should help guide the ‘poles’ of single-cell electrophysiologists. In specific one possible avenue to be explored would be to conduct an ...
... (presumably feedforward) projections from temporal lobe. Unraveling the major anatomical projections into the PFC will be highly informative for physiologists and should help guide the ‘poles’ of single-cell electrophysiologists. In specific one possible avenue to be explored would be to conduct an ...
CHAPTER 12 Learning and Memory Basic Outline with notes I. The
... A. Induction of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) – Hebb’s rule states that if a synapse is active at about the same time the postsynaptic neuron is active, that synapse will be strengthened. Induction of LTP “ to strengthen, to make more potent”. The hippocampal formation is a specialized region of the ...
... A. Induction of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) – Hebb’s rule states that if a synapse is active at about the same time the postsynaptic neuron is active, that synapse will be strengthened. Induction of LTP “ to strengthen, to make more potent”. The hippocampal formation is a specialized region of the ...
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... • Generate and transmit action potentials • Secrete neurotransmitters from the axonal terminals • Movement along axons occurs in two ways – Anterograde — toward axonal terminal – Retrograde — away from axonal terminal ...
... • Generate and transmit action potentials • Secrete neurotransmitters from the axonal terminals • Movement along axons occurs in two ways – Anterograde — toward axonal terminal – Retrograde — away from axonal terminal ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.