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... 30) According to the __________ perspective, people move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. A) normative B) behaviorism C) social learning D) psychoanalytic Answer: D Page Ref: 15 Skill: Remember Objective: 1.5 31) Sigmund F ...
... 30) According to the __________ perspective, people move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. A) normative B) behaviorism C) social learning D) psychoanalytic Answer: D Page Ref: 15 Skill: Remember Objective: 1.5 31) Sigmund F ...
Psychological Bulletin
... movements and spontaneous discharges of the muscles. Later analyses of trialand-error responses have been attacked because they seemed to imply that an animal's initial responses in a problem situation are random (148), This would be an extremely hazardous assumption to make, for in a problem situat ...
... movements and spontaneous discharges of the muscles. Later analyses of trialand-error responses have been attacked because they seemed to imply that an animal's initial responses in a problem situation are random (148), This would be an extremely hazardous assumption to make, for in a problem situat ...
Eyeblink Conditioning During an Interstimulus Interval Switch in
... known to be optimal or nonoptimal for learning. Using infusions of picrotoxin to the interpositus nucleus of the rabbit cerebellum, the authors pharmacologically disrupted input from the cerebellar cortex while training with an interstimulus interval (ISI)-switch procedure. One group of rabbits (Ory ...
... known to be optimal or nonoptimal for learning. Using infusions of picrotoxin to the interpositus nucleus of the rabbit cerebellum, the authors pharmacologically disrupted input from the cerebellar cortex while training with an interstimulus interval (ISI)-switch procedure. One group of rabbits (Ory ...
Negative learning bias is associated with risk aversion in
... Although cLH rats were bred for learned helplessness, there are many differences in behavior between cLH and WT or non-helpless rats besides helplessness – sucrose consumption(SanchisSegura et al., 2005;Shumake et al., 2005), operant responding for reward(Vollmayr et al., 2004), reaction to stress(K ...
... Although cLH rats were bred for learned helplessness, there are many differences in behavior between cLH and WT or non-helpless rats besides helplessness – sucrose consumption(SanchisSegura et al., 2005;Shumake et al., 2005), operant responding for reward(Vollmayr et al., 2004), reaction to stress(K ...
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... B) overestimate people’s contributions to their own development. C) offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences. D) overemphasize each individual’s unique life history. Answer: C Page Ref: 18 Skill: Understand Objective: 1.5 46) According to Jean Piaget’s cognitive-developmental th ...
... B) overestimate people’s contributions to their own development. C) offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences. D) overemphasize each individual’s unique life history. Answer: C Page Ref: 18 Skill: Understand Objective: 1.5 46) According to Jean Piaget’s cognitive-developmental th ...
Aggression in Drosophila - American Psychological Association
... This research was supported by Grants GM099883 and GM074675 from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences and a Pew Latin American Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Correspondence conce ...
... This research was supported by Grants GM099883 and GM074675 from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences and a Pew Latin American Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Correspondence conce ...
Modulation of Behavior by Expected Reward Magnitude Depends
... criterion of 40 correct responses was counted and used as an index of the accuracy of performance. These measures allow a detailed analysis of the guidance of behavior by reward-predictive stimuli. Response latencies measured by RTs become shorter for expected high versus low reward. Therefore, the ...
... criterion of 40 correct responses was counted and used as an index of the accuracy of performance. These measures allow a detailed analysis of the guidance of behavior by reward-predictive stimuli. Response latencies measured by RTs become shorter for expected high versus low reward. Therefore, the ...
Chapter 02 Neuroscience and Behavior
... As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon. ...
... As the impulse travels along the axon, the movement of ions causes a change in charge from positive to neutral in successive sections of the axon. ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... procedures has been linked to the IL cortex; whereas others have proposed the dorsal prelimbic (PL) cortex increases threat detection. We used these distinctions to try to understand whether IL or PL-cortex serve a role in the acquisition of lever-press active avoidance in male WKY rats, when an ITI ...
... procedures has been linked to the IL cortex; whereas others have proposed the dorsal prelimbic (PL) cortex increases threat detection. We used these distinctions to try to understand whether IL or PL-cortex serve a role in the acquisition of lever-press active avoidance in male WKY rats, when an ITI ...
Evidence for the hierarchical structure of instrumental learning
... ditions that are not conducive to the development of Paylovian S-O associations. For this purpose, the outcome was programmed to occur with equal likelihood in the presence and absence of the stimulus, thus preventing the stimulus from signaling the occurrence of the outcome. However, the stimulus w ...
... ditions that are not conducive to the development of Paylovian S-O associations. For this purpose, the outcome was programmed to occur with equal likelihood in the presence and absence of the stimulus, thus preventing the stimulus from signaling the occurrence of the outcome. However, the stimulus w ...
Reflex Facilitation During Eyeblink Conditioning and Subsequent
... recover after surgery before the commencement of the experimental procedures. On the first day, adaptation to the experimental situation was done by placing the animals in a Plexiglas restraining box in a soundproof conditioning chamber. The rabbits were divided in two groups: the unpaired (UP) grou ...
... recover after surgery before the commencement of the experimental procedures. On the first day, adaptation to the experimental situation was done by placing the animals in a Plexiglas restraining box in a soundproof conditioning chamber. The rabbits were divided in two groups: the unpaired (UP) grou ...
Can Oxytocin function as an antidepressant?
... unclear how this correlation translates into the cause and effects of depression. HPA hyperactivity might well be an effect of depression and suppression of the hyperactivity might not directly alleviate depression. After all administration of cortisol or corticosterone do not induce depressive beha ...
... unclear how this correlation translates into the cause and effects of depression. HPA hyperactivity might well be an effect of depression and suppression of the hyperactivity might not directly alleviate depression. After all administration of cortisol or corticosterone do not induce depressive beha ...
Intelligence by Design - Department of Computer Science
... Tsai Renaker, Elizabeth Wilmer and Eva Patalas, my housemates when I was first at MIT. These are the people who keep you sane. Special thanks to Krzysztof Gajos for being my virtual officemate even though he really worked next door. Much of what this dissertation is about is how to make things work. ...
... Tsai Renaker, Elizabeth Wilmer and Eva Patalas, my housemates when I was first at MIT. These are the people who keep you sane. Special thanks to Krzysztof Gajos for being my virtual officemate even though he really worked next door. Much of what this dissertation is about is how to make things work. ...
The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance: a
... responses.39–41 Fear came to be a psychological or physiological intervening variable that accounted for relation between external and defensive behavior.40,43,47,48,61,63,91,96–105 Despite such attempts at reformulation, these operational definitions of fear were not used consistently. For some, fea ...
... responses.39–41 Fear came to be a psychological or physiological intervening variable that accounted for relation between external and defensive behavior.40,43,47,48,61,63,91,96–105 Despite such attempts at reformulation, these operational definitions of fear were not used consistently. For some, fea ...
Intelligence by Design: Principles of Modularity and Coordination for
... project that I started thinking about specialized learning. I reread that paper a month ago, and I’m amazed the extent to which this dissertation is just an expansion of it, despite the conspicuous differences. I’ve never met him, but Toby Tyrrell did an amazing piece of work for his PhD. I have a d ...
... project that I started thinking about specialized learning. I reread that paper a month ago, and I’m amazed the extent to which this dissertation is just an expansion of it, despite the conspicuous differences. I’ve never met him, but Toby Tyrrell did an amazing piece of work for his PhD. I have a d ...
The birth, death and resurrection of avoidance
... between avoidance behavior and other observable phenomena thought to indicate conditioned fear. Mowrer's two-factor theory was doomed to controversy by the use of a subjective state (fear) to explain learned changes in animal behavior. Because the relationship between a conscious feeling and a behav ...
... between avoidance behavior and other observable phenomena thought to indicate conditioned fear. Mowrer's two-factor theory was doomed to controversy by the use of a subjective state (fear) to explain learned changes in animal behavior. Because the relationship between a conscious feeling and a behav ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala nuclei with cortical and striatal regions involved in motivation; interconnection ...
... the amygdala, nor the impact that processing in this structure has on the motivational limbic corticostriatal circuitry of which it is an important structure. Here we discuss the interactions between different amygdala nuclei with cortical and striatal regions involved in motivation; interconnection ...
An Updated Bibliography of the Published Primary
... Skinner, The selection of behavior: Comments and consequences (A. C. Catania & S. Harnad, Eds., pp. 150-164). New York: Cambridge University Press. (Modified version) ...
... Skinner, The selection of behavior: Comments and consequences (A. C. Catania & S. Harnad, Eds., pp. 150-164). New York: Cambridge University Press. (Modified version) ...
Theories and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning
... opposite. In other cases, A1 and A2 are the same. Grau (1987) observed that the unconditioned response to radiant heat consisted of an initial short-duration hypoalgesia, or decreased sensitivity to pain, followed by a more persistent hypoalgesia. How do we know that both A1 and A2 reactions to a pa ...
... opposite. In other cases, A1 and A2 are the same. Grau (1987) observed that the unconditioned response to radiant heat consisted of an initial short-duration hypoalgesia, or decreased sensitivity to pain, followed by a more persistent hypoalgesia. How do we know that both A1 and A2 reactions to a pa ...
Extinction, spontaneous recovery and reinstatement in the garden
... manipulated, flies showed classical conditioning but not operant learning. Thus, it seems that describing one type of learning in one species, either operant or classical, does not necessarily imply that the other would also be observed (Brembs & Plendl, 2008). Therefore, although operant aversive ex ...
... manipulated, flies showed classical conditioning but not operant learning. Thus, it seems that describing one type of learning in one species, either operant or classical, does not necessarily imply that the other would also be observed (Brembs & Plendl, 2008). Therefore, although operant aversive ex ...
Testing Thornberry`s interactional theory: the reciprocal relations
... Social control elements of interactional models consist of 'attachment to parents', 'commitment to school', and 'belief in conventional values'. Akers' (1985) social learning theory suggested that delinquent behaviors are the results of social learning processes. There are four major concepts in th ...
... Social control elements of interactional models consist of 'attachment to parents', 'commitment to school', and 'belief in conventional values'. Akers' (1985) social learning theory suggested that delinquent behaviors are the results of social learning processes. There are four major concepts in th ...
Experimental heart failure causes depression
... in mice would allow a more feasible genetic manipulation than in rats. Therefore, we investigated long-term behavioral effects of CHF in mice after MI. We intended to specifically test behavioral and cognitive changes known to be altered in patients with CHF, i.e., depression, motivational deficits, ...
... in mice would allow a more feasible genetic manipulation than in rats. Therefore, we investigated long-term behavioral effects of CHF in mice after MI. We intended to specifically test behavioral and cognitive changes known to be altered in patients with CHF, i.e., depression, motivational deficits, ...
Visually induced and spontaneous behavior in the zebrafish
... The S/R assumption has provided neuroscience with a rich quantitative framework to understand the relation between neuronal activity and behavior. The methodology employed to investigate the neuronal causes of behavior can be grossly recapitulated by three successive steps (Clark et al., 2013). Firs ...
... The S/R assumption has provided neuroscience with a rich quantitative framework to understand the relation between neuronal activity and behavior. The methodology employed to investigate the neuronal causes of behavior can be grossly recapitulated by three successive steps (Clark et al., 2013). Firs ...
EXTINCTION OF CONDITIONED MEANING
... responses in various aspects of language and conceptual behavior. ...
... responses in various aspects of language and conceptual behavior. ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...