Environmental prices, uncertainty, and learning
... ‘reasons for concern’, which provide what is in our view a fairly good example of how various decision-relevant measures of environmental damage, economic and non-economic, can be transparently but succinctly combined. The reasons for concern were: (i) risks to unique and threatened systems; (ii) ri ...
... ‘reasons for concern’, which provide what is in our view a fairly good example of how various decision-relevant measures of environmental damage, economic and non-economic, can be transparently but succinctly combined. The reasons for concern were: (i) risks to unique and threatened systems; (ii) ri ...
Carbon accounts of shifting cultivation: reductionist practices
... livelihood systems, really contribute to climate change? As some may argue, simply framing questions of the sustainability of shifting cultivation in that way should be avoided, as it may reduce related discussions to mere aspects of climate change mitigation, putting somehow abstract carbon values ...
... livelihood systems, really contribute to climate change? As some may argue, simply framing questions of the sustainability of shifting cultivation in that way should be avoided, as it may reduce related discussions to mere aspects of climate change mitigation, putting somehow abstract carbon values ...
PIIAC Proposal - Johns Hopkins University
... about the financial risks from climate change and potential regulatory responses (Krauss, 2015). The aforementioned incidents are a mere fraction of these two companies’ transgressions. Considering that fact, the combined impact of total crimes of the 198 companies on the Carbon Underground 200TM li ...
... about the financial risks from climate change and potential regulatory responses (Krauss, 2015). The aforementioned incidents are a mere fraction of these two companies’ transgressions. Considering that fact, the combined impact of total crimes of the 198 companies on the Carbon Underground 200TM li ...
Unresolved Issues in WTO Law
... AoA, SCM & prohibited subsidies • Export subsidy that violates AoA 3.3 & 8 (bc not within limits in Member’s Schedule) also violates SCM 3.1(a): US – Upland Cotton. – Unlikely that export subsidy consistent with the AoA could be impugned under SCM 3.1(a). ...
... AoA, SCM & prohibited subsidies • Export subsidy that violates AoA 3.3 & 8 (bc not within limits in Member’s Schedule) also violates SCM 3.1(a): US – Upland Cotton. – Unlikely that export subsidy consistent with the AoA could be impugned under SCM 3.1(a). ...
Asian Development Outlook 2016 Update: Highlights
... put fiscal spending under pressure that constrains growth. Recession in the Russian Federation exacerbates slowing growth in remittance-dependent economies. In the Pacific, cyclone damage in Fiji in February and fiscal difficulties in Papua New Guinea undercut forecasts for the larger Pacific econom ...
... put fiscal spending under pressure that constrains growth. Recession in the Russian Federation exacerbates slowing growth in remittance-dependent economies. In the Pacific, cyclone damage in Fiji in February and fiscal difficulties in Papua New Guinea undercut forecasts for the larger Pacific econom ...
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... competitiveness and terms of trade may allow some regions and industries to benefit, even from a globally negative shock. Third, higher (relative) returns on capital, possibly due to changes in demand structure and resource endowments, could foster investments and growth. All these effects can hardl ...
... competitiveness and terms of trade may allow some regions and industries to benefit, even from a globally negative shock. Third, higher (relative) returns on capital, possibly due to changes in demand structure and resource endowments, could foster investments and growth. All these effects can hardl ...
Up in smoke? Latin America and the Caribbean
... child. Characterised by warmer water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean it typically reverses weather patterns bringing more rainfall at the coast and bringing drought inland at higher altitudes. El Niño is often followed by La Niña, its cold counterpart, where climate patterns and worldwide ...
... child. Characterised by warmer water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean it typically reverses weather patterns bringing more rainfall at the coast and bringing drought inland at higher altitudes. El Niño is often followed by La Niña, its cold counterpart, where climate patterns and worldwide ...
Up in smoke? Latin America and the Caribbean
... child. Characterised by warmer water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean it typically reverses weather patterns bringing more rainfall at the coast and bringing drought inland at higher altitudes. El Niño is often followed by La Niña, its cold counterpart, where climate patterns and worldwide ...
... child. Characterised by warmer water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean it typically reverses weather patterns bringing more rainfall at the coast and bringing drought inland at higher altitudes. El Niño is often followed by La Niña, its cold counterpart, where climate patterns and worldwide ...
Advantage CP 2 7WK - Open Evidence Archive
... incentives for private businesses to increase their level of investment. Since World War II, the closest we have come to full employment was in the late 1960s and late 1990s to 2000, when the unemployment rate fell to 4 percent and below. In both periods, low unemployment increased workers’ bargaini ...
... incentives for private businesses to increase their level of investment. Since World War II, the closest we have come to full employment was in the late 1960s and late 1990s to 2000, when the unemployment rate fell to 4 percent and below. In both periods, low unemployment increased workers’ bargaini ...
Kyoto and Beyond - European Business Council for Sustainable
... 1.2 What has happened to date? This question too, can be further broken down into two key questions: 1. Is climate change happening? If so; 2. To what extent can any changes be attributed to human activities as opposed to natural processes? The debate in both these areas has evolved considerably ove ...
... 1.2 What has happened to date? This question too, can be further broken down into two key questions: 1. Is climate change happening? If so; 2. To what extent can any changes be attributed to human activities as opposed to natural processes? The debate in both these areas has evolved considerably ove ...
05-14-13
... dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has risen from 277 parts per million to 387 parts per million • In 2008, 7.9 billion tons of carbon were emitted from burning fossil fuels – coal, oil, natural gas • Emissions from deforestation totaled 1.5 billion tons of carbon that year • Electricity generation and ...
... dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere has risen from 277 parts per million to 387 parts per million • In 2008, 7.9 billion tons of carbon were emitted from burning fossil fuels – coal, oil, natural gas • Emissions from deforestation totaled 1.5 billion tons of carbon that year • Electricity generation and ...
On the Conflict Shoreline
... and Greece, to name several. Climate change gives a developing context to all these problems, as well as creating many problems of its own by exacerbating agricultural, economic, social and migratory trends. Some informed commentators suggest we have only a decade or so to begin to reverse the rise ...
... and Greece, to name several. Climate change gives a developing context to all these problems, as well as creating many problems of its own by exacerbating agricultural, economic, social and migratory trends. Some informed commentators suggest we have only a decade or so to begin to reverse the rise ...
Endogenous growth, convexity of damages and climate risk: how Nordhaus framework supports deep cuts in carbon emissions
... Since these first studies with the DICE model, it has become the pre-eminent integrated assessment model (IAM) in the economics of climate change. New versions have been published periodically (e.g. Nordhaus and Boyer, 2000; Nordhaus, 2008), and a regionally disaggregated model (RICE) was also devel ...
... Since these first studies with the DICE model, it has become the pre-eminent integrated assessment model (IAM) in the economics of climate change. New versions have been published periodically (e.g. Nordhaus and Boyer, 2000; Nordhaus, 2008), and a regionally disaggregated model (RICE) was also devel ...
NAACP Climate Justice Initiative Toolkit
... called greenhouse gases. Although, some greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide occur naturally and escape into the air through natural processes, scientists agree that human activities cause climate change by adding carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases th ...
... called greenhouse gases. Although, some greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide occur naturally and escape into the air through natural processes, scientists agree that human activities cause climate change by adding carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases th ...
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... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that continued emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) would likely lead to significant warming over the coming centuries with the potential for large negative consequences (IPCC 2013). As a result, the need to find a mutually agreeable strategy ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that continued emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) would likely lead to significant warming over the coming centuries with the potential for large negative consequences (IPCC 2013). As a result, the need to find a mutually agreeable strategy ...
How the United Nations System Supports Ambitious Action on
... be constructed according to a mandatory design index, which sets minimum and progressively strengthened energy-efficiency levels (CO2 emissions per tonne–mile) for different ship types and sizes. Furthermore, ships are required to have a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan that assists in the ide ...
... be constructed according to a mandatory design index, which sets minimum and progressively strengthened energy-efficiency levels (CO2 emissions per tonne–mile) for different ship types and sizes. Furthermore, ships are required to have a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan that assists in the ide ...
Government of Nepal Ministry of Population and Environment
... lower energy availability. The additional energy generation capacity needed to meet future demand under this scenario, due to climate change, was estimated at 2800 MW by 2050 with an increase in costs of USD 2.6 billion (present value) for the period through to 2050. Overall, the economic costs of c ...
... lower energy availability. The additional energy generation capacity needed to meet future demand under this scenario, due to climate change, was estimated at 2800 MW by 2050 with an increase in costs of USD 2.6 billion (present value) for the period through to 2050. Overall, the economic costs of c ...
2014 Second Quarterly Workplan NCCP
... The project will enable the Government of Malawi to climate-proof the policies, strategies and plans of the sectors of the economy most directly affected by climate change, in order to create an enabling policy and regulatory environment within which vulnerable communities will be empowered to adap ...
... The project will enable the Government of Malawi to climate-proof the policies, strategies and plans of the sectors of the economy most directly affected by climate change, in order to create an enabling policy and regulatory environment within which vulnerable communities will be empowered to adap ...
Climate Change, Natural Hazards and Cities
... been a real and substantial change in global mean temperatures. The change in the 20th century is unusual in comparison with changes in global temperature data for the past 600-1000 years that have been inferred from proxy indicators. Over the 20th century, the globally averaged surface air temperat ...
... been a real and substantial change in global mean temperatures. The change in the 20th century is unusual in comparison with changes in global temperature data for the past 600-1000 years that have been inferred from proxy indicators. Over the 20th century, the globally averaged surface air temperat ...
3. IPCC`s evaluation of evidence and treatment of uncertainty
... reference period. h Changes in observed extreme high sea level closely follow the changes in average sea level. {5.5} It is very likely that anthropogenic activity contributed to a rise in average sea level. {9.5} i In all scenarios, the projected global average sea level at 2100 is higher than i ...
... reference period. h Changes in observed extreme high sea level closely follow the changes in average sea level. {5.5} It is very likely that anthropogenic activity contributed to a rise in average sea level. {9.5} i In all scenarios, the projected global average sea level at 2100 is higher than i ...
Food Miles and Fairtrade: How does the current `Food Miles`
... current international agreement for industrialized countries to take action on climate change – recognizes that while developing countries are likely to be hit hardest by climate change, they are the least responsible for causing it. Developing country producers will be affected by climate change, f ...
... current international agreement for industrialized countries to take action on climate change – recognizes that while developing countries are likely to be hit hardest by climate change, they are the least responsible for causing it. Developing country producers will be affected by climate change, f ...
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... The primary conjecture of this paper is that poverty alleviation may be a better strategy with which to respond to climate-change-induced human risk than is policy aimed at carbon emissions, especially if reductions in vulnerability fall faster with income than emissionsinduced risk rises. This hypo ...
... The primary conjecture of this paper is that poverty alleviation may be a better strategy with which to respond to climate-change-induced human risk than is policy aimed at carbon emissions, especially if reductions in vulnerability fall faster with income than emissionsinduced risk rises. This hypo ...
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... Amatayakul and Fenhann (2009), as well as Schmidt et al. (2008) assess the amount of emissions that could be reduced through sectoral targets in the main developing countries, but do not assess the economic impact. In this paper, we assess such a sectoral approach for developing countries. More prec ...
... Amatayakul and Fenhann (2009), as well as Schmidt et al. (2008) assess the amount of emissions that could be reduced through sectoral targets in the main developing countries, but do not assess the economic impact. In this paper, we assess such a sectoral approach for developing countries. More prec ...
Coupled Climate–Economy–Biosphere (CoCEB) model – Part 1
... 25 as such, it allows one to easily formulate and compare different functional representations of climate change mitigation policies. Using different mitigation measures and their cost estimates, as found in the literature, one is able to compare these measures in a coherent way. While many studies ...
... 25 as such, it allows one to easily formulate and compare different functional representations of climate change mitigation policies. Using different mitigation measures and their cost estimates, as found in the literature, one is able to compare these measures in a coherent way. While many studies ...
European Union Emissions Trading Scheme: Institutional Lessons
... The National Leading Group Dealing with Climate Change, Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction under State Council; ...
... The National Leading Group Dealing with Climate Change, Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction under State Council; ...
Climate change in Canada
In Canada mitigation of anthropogenic climate change is being addressed more seriously by the provinces than by the federal government.