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Oxide Thermoelectric Materials for Heat-to
Oxide Thermoelectric Materials for Heat-to

... large S and high σ simultaneously; the layered cobalt oxides and Ti-based oxides can be classified into this category. Another approach may be to reduce the ionicity of the metal–oxygen bonds in oxides in order to increase the carrier mobility. ZnO-based thermoelectric materials can be one of the ex ...
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... Whether the magnet is moved towards or away from the coil, the induced current always opposes the motion of the magnet as predicted by Lenz’s law. For example if the N-pole of the magnet moves towards the coil, its face towards the magnet develops Npolarity and repels the N-pole of magnet. Work has ...
V - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites
V - Home - KSU Faculty Member websites

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Conceptual Practice Problems for PHYS 1112 In-Class Exam #2A+2B
Conceptual Practice Problems for PHYS 1112 In-Class Exam #2A+2B

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B-Tech Lab Manual - Bapatla Engineering College

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Chapter 8: Magnetism - Farmingdale State College

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... With the machine runs up to full speed, and the field circuit is opened. The machine acts as every feeble generator giving about 2% to5% of normal voltage and this is due to residual magnetic flux of the magnetic poles of the machine. When the filed circuit is completed the EMF due to the flux circu ...
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The surprising role of magnetism on the phase stability of Fe

... than that shown in Fig. 3, the FCC (γ ) Fe would most likely never become stable-enough to compete with the α phase. This is because the γ phase free energy would not have a sufficiently large negative TS entropy term, resulting from the integration of its specific heat curve over temperature, to lo ...
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ILQ-Ch - KFUPM Faculty List

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... and ground plane; and the resistors collect the losses in metal and substrate. However, all these three energy quantities (magnetic and electric energy and losses) are not independent from each other and the coupling between them must be taken into account. The interaction between electric and magne ...
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Conceptual Practice Problems for PHYS 1112 In-Class Exam #2A+2B
Conceptual Practice Problems for PHYS 1112 In-Class Exam #2A+2B

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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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