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ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TECHNIQUES FOR SUBSURFACE
ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TECHNIQUES FOR SUBSURFACE

... biologic processes. The only equipment needed for conducting an SP survey is a high-impedance voltmeter and some means of making good electrical contact to the ground.  Electromagnetic (EM) - This is an active method that employs measurements of a time-varying magnetic field generated by induction ...
Current and Resistance
Current and Resistance

... The average current in a conductor is related to the motion of the charge carriers through the relationship ...
MODEL OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC LEVITATION DEVICE
MODEL OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC LEVITATION DEVICE

... Maglev train has always been considered to be the high speed passenger transportation between the major population centers. It is often viewed as a sort of super-speed trains which competes with airplanes for inter-city passengers. Magnetic bearings have specific properties in comparison with mechan ...
CHAPTER 21: Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday`s Law
CHAPTER 21: Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday`s Law

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Chapter 13 - Electromagnetism

Anleitung
Anleitung

... Because the flux quantum is the smallest quantity of the magnetic flux, this physical effect can be exploited to produce an extraordinarily sensitive magnetic detector known as SQUID. SQUIDs actually function as magnetic flux-to-voltage transducers, because they convert the magnetic flux, which is h ...
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Report
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... Building material In addition to iron and other materials. Magnetic separator The magnetic system , use of high quality ferrite materials or with Rare earth Magnetic Compound and into, before the drum table average The magnetic induction intensity For 800-4000mT. With the development of technology, ...
Parallel Circuits - Goodheart
Parallel Circuits - Goodheart

Parallel Circuits - Goodheart
Parallel Circuits - Goodheart

Magnetic Circuits - Sakshi Education
Magnetic Circuits - Sakshi Education

... Induction Cookers: The Induction cooker is a fastest way of cooking. It also works on principle of mutual induction. When current flows through the coil of copper wire placed below a cooking container, it produces a changing magnetic field. This alternating or changing magnetic field induces an emf ...
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Smart materials for active noise and vibration reduction

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... certain crystallographic directions it is easier to magnetize the crystal, along others it is harder (confirmed by experiments). The exchange energy term introduced so far (Heisemberg) is isotropic. We have to introduce a phenomenological expression for this additional term Eanis. There are several ...
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A Microfluidic Platform for Evaporation

... thickness of 50 μm for the fluid layer and control layer masters using standard photolithography. The master molds were silanized with a monolayer of tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl trichlorosilane (Gelest) to prevent covalent adhesion of PDMS to the silicon substrates. The thickness of photor ...
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Smart Materials, Precision Sensors/Actuators, Smart Structures, and

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PHYS 110B - HW #3

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Experiment E2 DETERMINATION OF SCALE

... be connected in parallel with the portion of the circuit on which the measurement is made. An ammeter is an instrument used to measure the flow of electric current in a circuit. Since one is interested in measuring the current flowing through a circuit component, the ammeter must be connected in ser ...
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Activity: Magnets and Magnetic Fields

... beneath the container. The needle-shaped iron filings should align themselves along the magnetic field lines so you can visualize the magnetic field around the magnet. (Note: The magnetic field itself is smooth, not made of “field lines”. The lines you see are simply the result of the iron filings a ...
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Growth of Pt–Ni Nanoparticles of Different Composition using

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Series and Parallel Circuit Worksheet - Fitzmaurice-CP
Series and Parallel Circuit Worksheet - Fitzmaurice-CP

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ELECTRIC CURRENT One mark questions: 2. Mention a non-ohmic device.

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Magnetism Magnetism
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... Background Just as a magnet exerts a force on the iron filings in the small photo at left, a modern type of train called a Maglev train is levitated and accelerated by magnets. A Maglev train uses magnetic forces to lift the train off the track, reducing the friction and allowing the train to move f ...
Study on the Effect of Magnetic Fields on Polymeric Materials and Its
Study on the Effect of Magnetic Fields on Polymeric Materials and Its

... profile designed at micrometer or nanometer level is provided, diamagnetic particles of sizes down to micrometer or less are patterned according to the field profile provided. Research in this field is in progress.59 DIAMAGNETIC ALIGNMENT A magnetization M induced on a material by an applied externa ...
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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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